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In this completely treeless location, small plants and a few animals roam the coldest place on Earth with an average temperature around -34°C: Arctic Tundra. There aren't much rain and snow, in fact there is such a lack of water from the sky that it can be considered a desert that's cold. The days at the tundra is different from the rest of the world. An interesting fact is that once a year when the position of Earth revolves around the sun into winter, the sun doesn't rise at all and leaves the Arctic Tundra in forever night.

Image source: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/tundras-explained/#:~:text=Tundra%20ecosystems%20are%20treeless%20regions,summer%20brings%20bursts%20of%20wildflowers.

Text source: https://discover.hubpages.com/education/Ecosystems-The-Arctic-Tundra

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The plants and animals in the tundra isn't as numerous as the other biomes. In fact the Arctic have one of the fewest diversity of both plants and animals on Earth: 1700. There are absolutely no trees and the only plants that are able to withstand the cold are small plants such as fungi and low flowers. Most animals in the tundra are large animals that have a thick layer of fur to protect against the cold.

Image source: https://sites.google.com/site/osd2ndgradehabitats/polar-habitats-1/plants-in-the-arctic

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The most important animal in an ecosystem is called a keystone specie, and the hero animal of tundra is the polar bears. Without those furry predators the whole food chain in the tundra will be broken. Starting from the overpopulation of seals, if the bears don't keep the seals in track, the seals will over hunt the fishes. Without the fishes, birds that depend on fishes will starve and the population of the bird will decrease. At the same time, scavengers that depend on polar bear kills won't find easy food, and it's going to be hard for them because they can't fight very well.

Image source: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/why-david-attenborough-has-made-our-planet-for-netflix-8w73nqjtw

Text source: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/tundras-explained/#:~:text=Tundra%20ecosystems%20are%20treeless%20regions,summer%20brings%20bursts%20of%20wildflowers.

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This is the decrease of Arctic ice and the decrease of polar bear population. It is very clear that the arctic ice standing area is shrinking, and this actually have a very big impact on the polar bears since they rely on the ice to literally "stand on."

Image source: https://polarbearscience.com/2018/01/21/polar-bear-numbers-not-declining-despite-media-headlines-suggesting-otherwise/

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Another Specie Affected by the Decline of Polar Bears

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Another Specie Affected by the Decline of Polar Bears

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If the polar bears population start to decline, the vegetation in the arctic will go to zero because there are no predator in the area to keep the herbivore population in track. There will be too many herbivore eating the vegetation, and the grass won't have enough time to grow until it get eaten again. One such specie is reindeer, and according to this chart, this poor deer population have decreased over half dramatically.

Image source: https://www.statista.com/chart/16388/estimated-number-of-tundra-caribou-and-wild-reindeer/

Text source: https://prezi.com/tyxt6p5q7luz/facts-about-polar-bears-and-what-would-happen-if-they-went-extint/?frame=5db02b1c9c11dbb762eaf375a6a49ad84a16531d

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Things are looking pretty ugly in the Arctic Tundra right now, ice are melting and the polar bear population is decreasing. And although we do not have a solution that will work instantly, it is better to start working on something rather than procrastinating it. The first step should be to stop the global warming. This may not be able to stop immediately, but it is something that we have to prevent from continuing. In order to stop global warming, we cannot just extract carbon from the air, instead we should plant trees and stop the factories that are releasing massive amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Another thing can be carpooling and biking to work, because vehicles emit carbon dioxide, it would be better to not drive so often. It would take about a whole century to fix this issue, but at least we can start.

Image source: https://www.amnh.org/explore/ology/earth/ask-a-scientist-about-our-environment/how-can-we-save-polar-bears-from-extiction

Text source: https://www.gofundme.com/c/blog/how-to-help-save-polar-bears