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Victorian

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Manchester had 108 mills by 1853 and it became known as 'Cottonopolis'.

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The mills were hot and dusty places so they were hard to breathe in. People had to shout above the rattle and hiss of machinery, which were deafeningly noisy. Women were employed to do the spinning and weaving and the men would oversee them to make sure they did not break the rules or fall asleep.

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Early cotton mills were built near to rivers and used large water wheels to power the machines inside them. In 1781, Sir Richard Arkwright opened the world's first steam-powered textile mill on Miller Street in Manchester.

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The women would do the spinning, whilst the men would do the weaving. It was called a 'cottage industry'.

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Originally, cotton fibres were twisted together with a wooden spinning wheel to form threads of yarn which were then woven together to make cloth using a device called a loom.

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What age do you think these two workers are?

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A cotton mill is a factory housing powered spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton,[1]an important product during the Industrial Revolution when the early mills were important in the development of the factory system.[2]