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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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- that Jonas will get a great job and live a great life
-Jonas will find out why many things are the way they are
-maybe this whole community is fake and they are all in a dream world, while people are feeding them and stuff while they are asleep
-  I have a feeling that everyone will end up dying or something of the sorts
- I also have a feeling that Jonas will find he real Mom and Dad

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The Chief Elder is the leader of the community who is newly elected every ten years. At the December Ceremony, the Chief Elder makes speeches and gives out Assignments to the Elevens. In Jonas's time, the Chief Elder is a woman.

She appears during the Ceremony, other than that she does not make any other major appearances.

Movie Portrayal

In the film adaptation of " The Giver," she is played by Meryl Streep. She is also at her most evil in this role (Unlike in the book, where she is very kind) trying to contain her authoritarian community as a solution to suffering and great pain. She appears more sinister and will do whatever it takes, in her eyes, to make the community better. In the movie, she is in charge of all communities.

She maintains the "Sameness" by power and control, usually by killing babies of slower development than other babies, the elderly, and those citizens that do not comply with the standards and/or following the rules of Sameness. However, instead of "execution", she creates a misleading "release to Elsewhere". The citizens there think of "releasing" as a good thing, even though there is that "Elsewhere", which is ambiguous.

She also tends to use a large amount of double speak, ambiguous words that twist the true meaning of what a word is meaning, rather much like a euphemism although a lot stronger. An example of this includes "release to Elsewhere".

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The Chief Elder is the leader of the community who is newly elected every ten years. At the December Ceremony, the Chief Elder makes speeches and gives out Assignments to the Elevens. In Jonas's time, the Chief Elder is a woman. She appears during the Ceremony, other than that she does not make any other major appearances.

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A team of researchers at Vanderbilt University looked into this question and concluded that contrary to widespread belief, washing your hands in hot water doesn't kill germs more effectively and doesn't get your hands any cleaner than washing with cold water. In order to kill bacteria on your hands with water alone, you would have to use boiling liquid that would burn you - 212 degrees Fahrenheit or 99.98 degrees Centigrade. In general, the temperature of hot water used for hand washing ranges from 104 to 131 degrees Fahrenheit or 40 to 55 degrees Centigrade. The Vanderbilt researchers noted that at the high end of that range, the water temperature might kill some germs but could also scald your skin. Another downside to using hot water for hand washing: it "can irritate the skin and affect the protective layer on the outside, which can cause it to be less resistant to bacteria," according to Vanderbilt researcher Amanda R. Carrico.

You may be surprised to learn that the investigators found that washing your hands in cold water temperatures of 40 degrees Fahrenheit or 4.4 degrees Centigrade seems to reduce bacteria as effectively as warmer water, provided that you actually scrub, rinse and dry your hands properly.

The main reason the Vanderbilt team looked into this issue was to gauge the effect of using hot water for hand washing on the environment. They found that in the U.S., people use warm or hot water for hand washing 64 percent of the time. Figuring an estimated 800 billion hand washings in warm or hot water in the U.S. annually, the researchers calculated the energy cost at roughly the equivalent of the emissions of two coal-fired power plants, or 1,250,000 passenger cars. They also figured it would top the annual greenhouse gas emissions of El Salvador. Using cooler water for hand washing would eliminate the annual energy-related carbon emissions of 299,700 U.S. homes or the total annual emissions from the U.S. zinc or lead industries.

To investigate the energy cost of hand washing, the Vanderbilt researchers asked 510 American adults around the country how often they wash their hands, for how long and how hot the water is. They found that nearly 70 percent of those interviewed expressed the belief that using hot water for hand washing is more effective than warm, room temperature, or cold water.

The upshot of all this is the recommendation from the Vanderbilt team that we wash our hands with water that is a "comfortable" temperature, which may mean warmer in winter and cooler in summer.

For the record, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes on its website that using warmer water for hand washing may cause more skin irritation and is more environmentally costly. Here are the CDC's recommendations for effective hand washing:

Wet your hands with clean, running water (warm or cold), turn off the tap, and apply soap.

Lather your hands by rubbing them together with the soap. Be sure to lather the backs of your hands, between your fingers, and under your nails.

Scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds, the time it takes you to hum "Happy Birthday" from beginning to end twice.

Rinse your hands well under clean, running water.

Dry your hands using a clean towel or air-dry them.

Andrew Weil, M.D.

Sources:
Amanda R. Carrico et al, "The Environmental Cost of Misinformation: Why the Recommendation to Use Elevated Temperatures for Handwashing is Problematic," International Journal of Consumer Studies, July 1, 2013

Share Dr. Weil's expertise with your friends & family

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Cold Water for Cleaner Hands? - Ask Dr. Weil

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A team of researchers at Vanderbilt University looked into this question and concluded that contrary to widespread belief, washing your hands in hot water doesn't kill germs more effectively and doesn't get your hands any cleaner than washing with cold water.

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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To be completely honest I didn't expect it to end this way at all. At the start I thought Jonas was going to save the community and give back all the memories but I kept changing my opinion throughout the book. Overall I really enjoyed reading this book and I felt like it was overall a great book with all four of the reading themes.

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Important Notes

-Jonas felt that somewhere else was coming closer, Gabe and Jonas were pretty weak

- They were by a snowfall, Jonas told Gabe but it wasn't the same anymore, he wasn't interested

- The bike stopped working they had to take a break, he tried to remember sunshine, warmth anythimng

- They were restored and prepared to continue to make their way to someplace elsewhere

- He tried again to use a memory of warmth, it worked and they kept going but the memory faded quickly

- Jonas heading up the hill began to get colder faster

- Through the storm he knew there was warmth and happiness nearby, they took the sled down the hill, the final distination

- This distination he knew was a place of people that kept memories, a place of happiness, THE END

Questions???

-Why did it end in such a cliffhanger?

-Why didn't they prepare more for the cold

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Important Notes

- The scenery changed, smaller roads and harder to bike, Jonas hurt his leg and knee while biking one day

- He forgot about the workers but worried about the new place, the new scenery with new unknown horrors

- They saw birds that Gabe thought was a plane and many other different wild life creatures

- Jonas worried about starving, now he had to make and find his own food

- The one choice he had he messed up, he left and now he is starving but if he didn't leave he wouldn't be starving

Questions???

-Are they going to die?

Nope

- How old is Gabe now?

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Important Notes

-  Jonas slowly began to follow the dangerous plan to leave the community, to go elsewhere

- Gabe was a disaster the one night he spent at the nursery home, he was going to be released, Gabe was going to die

- Jonas committed many crimes this night, but he kept going and brought Gabe with him

- Jonas hid the bicycle and gave both Gabe and himself some rest and food

- They both slept through the first night, they kept sleeping and going further trying to leave the community to get somewhere beyond

- They used the memory of snow to get cold to hide from the heat signatures

- The planes kept checking for Jonas and Gabe less and less, finally they didn't check for 1 whole day and night

- the planes have heat seekers so to hide from them they used memories of cold

- they began to see nature and all of the animals and everything

Questions??

- how many memories of snow does Jonas have?

- Is Gabe being hurt from all these memories that have been transmitted?

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Important Notes

- Jonas didn't want to go home because his father killed one of the twins, by releasing them, but his father didn't know any better

- Its been the way they live forever, but now the Giver and Jonas want to change that, they want to make a plan and share the memories

- they wanted to escape and go beyond, elsewhere, the only problem is that all the memories would return

- The Giver started by hearing music, by seeing beyond

- They made up a whole plan to escape and leave the community,

-The Giver had a daughter, her name was Rosemary

Questions???

- Why did the Giver keep his daughter as a secret?

- Why didn't he tell Jonas about his daughter earlier?

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Important Notes

- Jonas wanted to watch a release, to know what happened and he was allowed because he was the receiver and he could ask anything of anyone

- The Giver asked for the release on video to be put on the screen so they could watch it, every release and many other events were recorded

- Jonas' father injected a needle into the newborn's, that weighed less, hear with a needle and a clear liquid

- A release meant death

Questions??

- how many people can apply for a release a year?

depends on the year and job, so unknown

- what is in the injection?
It is death

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Important Notes

- the Giver wishes he could put in a request for a release, but he can't its in the rules

- Jonas wanted to know exactly what happened 10 years ago, her name was Rosemary and was the same way as him

- the giver told Jonas that he loved Jonas and Rosemary, she asked the giver for painful memories

- once she knew about pain, she never acted the same, the giver gave her all types of pain besides physical pain

Questions??

- Why would Rosemary want to leave, she knew no one else outside of the community ?

- How many memories were given to Rosemary?
a couple of happiness and emotional pain

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Important Notes

- there was an unscheduled holiday, a day off for everyone

- he hadn't taken the pills for almost 4 weeks, so he has been having the stirrings, he liked them but felt guilty

- they were playing around with imaginary guns, Asher Jonas and many others playing the game, Jonas imagined  the dream of the dead there

- Jonas knew he could change nothing, Asher and Fiona wouldn't understand

Questions??

- Why was Lily out of nowhere making up stories?

- Maybe Lily's rant is true?

Nah fam

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Important Notes

- with these memories he learned, the bond between mankind and animals, and fearfulness and pain

- The Givers favorite memory was of Christmas, the giver gave Jonas the memory and everything in the memory were all the positive and happy things

- Jonas asked who the old people, they were called grandparents

- the memory was of love, Jonas felt that the memory was better than their community, Jonas liked the feeling of love

- his parents told Jonas that the word love was meaningless

- Jonas talked to Gabe all night about everything on his mind, even though Gabe couldn't talk

- the next morning he felt that he shouldn't take his pill, so he didn't

Questions??

- Why would he not take his pill?

- Why was he talking to Gabe if he couldn't say anything and probably didn't even pay attention or listen?

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Important Notes

- The Receiver, felt that it was going to be another day where he was going to be sent away

- He asked if he could help in any way, so the Giver was going to give him more pain so there was less for him

- The memory was about a boy who needed water, him and the boy being injured with dead horses, he gave him water while he heard many people and animals die, war

Questions???

- why do they need a receiver if they could just get rid of the memories??

- how old is the boy in this memory?

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Important Notes

- this new memory of the hill, was very cold and it was too fast it was scaring Jonas, it hurt him a lot, there was so much pain, breaks his leg

- Jonas realized that his family has never felt true pain, the pain he felt in that memory

- The Giver told Jonas, that with these memories come true wisdom and a lot of pain, The Giver was the one who helped the Committee choose not to shoot the plane down

- Jonas wanted to come up with an idea to share these memories, share the pain so that it wouldn't hurt as much

- He wondered where the twins would go when one is released, was there someone waited for them to take the somewhere else

- Jonas told his family unit that he could watch Gabe over the night to give them a rest

- Jonas gave Gabe a memory, he decided not to tell The Giver about this

Questions??

- Is Gabe going to be the next receiver?

- Why is Jonas not going to tell the Giver, maybe he could help out and explain some things to Jonas?

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What is a Theme?

-What the author is trying to say about people, society, etc.

-Not to be confused with a THEME TOPIC like 'love', 'war' or 'family'

1. Discovery

- People must be able to make choices to reach their own destiny / fulfuillment

2. The Importance of Memory

- Lowry's personal inspiration-father with memory loss

- Without memory, human beings cannot reach true happiness or learn from their mistakes

3. Pleasure and Pain

- Without pain, people cannot understand pleasure. We must embrace and learn from pain.

4. Blind Obedience

- it is important for people to question their society instead of following blindly

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Important Notes

- Jonas didn't understand why their choices were limited, why they couldn't see color to choose a different colored outfit

- The next memory was about a battle, a war, about the different shades of skin and the blood of the battle

- the Giver, had a spouse but she now lives with the childless adults

- Ten years ago when there was a failure of a Receiver, when she was released so were the memories passed to her, the memories were sent back into the community, thus meaning the Giver lost the memories

- Jonas wanted to take some of the pain away from the Giver, so the Giver began giving him painful memories

- memory on the elephants, new feelings and feelings towards others

Questions??

- How many Receivers has there been?

-Why does the Giver receive so much pain?

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Important Notes

- He kept re living the snow memory, feeling as though if there were something that was missing

- School was the same as the usual

- Jonas was a little late because he saw something beyond, he told him about the apple and everything that was different

- Jonas began to see red, the color red

-The Giver is going to give Jonas the memory of a rainbow to help see color

- they take away the choice, taking away color

Questions??

-Are there no colors?

-Why does sameness affect being able to see colors and why?

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Important Notes

- as he laid there with his eyes closed, the words and history explained themselves to him, he knew what snow was, a hill, a sled and going downhill

- they got ride of snow and hills because of transportation and agriculture, this was called sameness

- he then realized what the pain meant, when he was showed what a sunburn felt like

- the old receiver is now being called the Giver while Jonas is the Receiver

- when they transfer the memories, the giver forgets them

Questions???

-Why would he start with the bad memories, for the older receiver 10 years ago?

-How tall is Jonas compared to the Giver?

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Important Notes

-  there were many locks on the doors inside the Amex, the section which his job asked him to report to

- the Receiver did not like being kept waiting

- He began to talk to the Receiver, he called Jonas a receiver and that he has been a receiver for a many long time and has waited for someone to be selected

- a lot of books, not normal because per house you are only supposed to have three books

- the furniture, old furniture

- the old receiver, also has pale eyes

- The old receiver had to transmit all the memories of the past of the whole world

- The old receiver asked Jonas to lie down so he could begin transmitting memories

Questions??

-Why doesn't he know what snow is?

-Why is there only one receiver at a time, besides the one in training?

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Important Notes

- Jonas felt different and apart, knowing the rest of his life would be apart from everyone

- The evening meal was more quite than usual, they talked about his job and what happened 10 years ago

-the same thing that happened to Joans happened 10 years ago just to a girl, but they are never to speak the name again and no one knows what happened to her

- the rules for his jobs weren't a lot at all, and he was rather surprised with them because he could break some rules

- he could ask anyone any question no matter how rude and he could lie, that left  him wondering if parents or others with their jobs got the same rule to lie

Questions??

-Could he lie to the other Receiver?

-Can he ask the other receiver any question no matter the rudeness?

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Important Notes

- the Chief Elder announced that she hadn't made a mistake and was in the mists of explaining

- Jonas was selected as the Receiver of Memory, a very important role in the community which is super rare to get

- they made a mistake choosing a Receiver of Memory 10 years ago, but this time it wasn't a mistake

-he had all the strengths needed for this job, including the capacity to see beyond

Questions??

-Who was the mistake ten years ago?
some girl but the same thing happened to her at the ceremony
-What happened to this mistake ten years ago?

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Important Notes

- the elevens had been arranged by their numbers given at birth

- each number was called up and there was a speech about the kid and their new job

- most of the jobs he didn't want had already been taken

- he payed attention to when Asher went up for his job selection, he was given Assistant Director of Recreation

-Fiona was given Care Taker of The Old, the perfect job for Fiona

-Jonas was skipped, they went right to 20 and continued going until the last number

Questions??

- How many numbers/ kids are there?

up till 12 then they don't keep track but it's in The Hall of Records

- Why would she skip him?
Because he was chosen as the new Receiver of Memory

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Definition

- how the author reveals information
-from the perspective of the narrator

First Person

-perspective of one character
-Look-fors- I, Me, Mine, Myself
-Advantages- Inner thoughts of character
-Disadvantages-??? we don't get the full picture

Third Person- Limited

-Narrator can "see" many characters BUT NOT EVERYTHING
-Look-fors- He, She, It, They, Then, etc.
-Advantages- Can still create suspense
-Disadvantages-?? We don't have the full picture either

Third Person- Omniscient

-Narrator knows all
-Look-fors- He, She, It, They, Them, etc.
-Advantages- Creates full picture for reader
-Disadvantages-??? you don't get to connect with people

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Important Notes

- Jonas doesn't want pilot, but if he gets it he'll put in an appeal

- the newborn, Gabe, wasn't at the ceremony this year and would have been released if it wasn't for Jonas' family unit, his father's plead kept Gabe from being released and will stay an extra year in the nurture centre while spending the nights with Jonas' family

- but they can't get attached to this child and have to sign a pledge saying they will give him up next year at the ceremony without a problem

- a family lost a child named Caleb because he wandered off and fell into the river, this year they got a new child named Caleb, their replacement child

- they weren't looking forward for this kid named Fritz to get his bike because he wasn't normal, he was rather unorganized and not ready

- they were talking about how to leave the community and myths of people leaving by both applying to be released and swimming across the river to the nearest community

- for every decision that the committee makes they are always thought through and always takes time; naming and placement for family unit, spouses and the job selection

Questions??

- could they end up getting another spouse if one gets released or lost, or if things don't work out for some reason?

- was there a jail if someone did something bad or would they just be released?

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Important Notes

- they have a morning ritual where they talk about their dreams from the past night

- during the ritual he told his family about his dream, he dreamt about him and Fiona in the bathing area and he wanted her to take her cloths off and get in the tub

- these dreams or feelings are called stirrings, and the treatment is necessary but it's just pills

- he took a pill, but liked the feelings and wanted them back but they slipped away

Questions??

- why is it necessary to take these pills to prevent these stirrings?

- why do they stop taking the pills when the enter the house of old?

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Important Notes

- Jonas began to look for Asher to spend his volunteer hours with him, as he remembered the many accomplishments Benjamin achieved with his hours

- Jonas liked Fiona, she was a nice and quite person but a good student

- He entered the washing room to help bath people at the old house, he encountered Asher and then saw Fiona in another tub washing a man

- the lady Jonas was helping talked about Edna's boring release ceremony and then Roberto's eventful ceremony

Questions??

- does being released mean being sent off to a place?

it means to die

- does the committee control, who and when someone is released?

Yes, the committee does control who and when someone is released. Either by someone applying or the committee deciding.

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Important Notes

- the newchild had the same eyes as Jonas, lighter which gave depth, his sister pointed the rare trait out which in the rules falls under chastisement

- he remebered when an annoucement was directed towards his sister for her hair and one time for him because he brought an apple home

- while he remebered passing the apple with Asher, the apple looked weird in the air hence why he brought it home

- he tried to forget the incident and tried to study and organize his school work while his dad explained the feeding procedure for the baby to Lily

- the comfort toys are named but no one names the names of the animals

Questions??

- could Jonas and the newborn be related?
- why are there so many odd rules?

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Important Notes
- they remembered when they got Lily and when she became a one in  december

- they began to talk about the little boy at the nurture home whom his father privately calls Gabe

- possibly a younger age to be able to ride bicycles, but the committee takes forever to change rules

- riding a bike earlier than normal age, commun rule broken

- Jonas was worried for what job would be appointed to him at the ceremony of 12, but his father told him not to worry because the elders watch closely and no one is dissapointed in their selected job

- Jonas still wasn't sure that he would get the job he wanted

- Receiver and elders are the most important

Questions??

- what jobs are there?

- can you get the same job as a friend in the twelve ceremony?

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Utopia:
-A community or society possessing desirable or perfect qualities

-examples: Garden of Eden, Heaven and Nivana

- to create one you need to sacrifice things

Dystopia:

-anti-utopia

- A community or society that is undesirable or frightening

-examples: hell

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Important Notes

- characters; Jonas, Asher, Lily and the Mother and Father

- Pilot in training mis read his navigation instructions and made a wrong turn, the town made the decision and released him

- december close to the end of the year

- something that normally doesn't happen and people were worried

- families are of four; one father, one mother, one son and a daughter

- there are rules to be followed in the community or you shall be released

-they talk about their feelings

Questions??

- what does released mean?
death
- what do the numbers mean? age? grade?

it means age