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Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the most common pathogens worldwide. It is a gram-positive, nonmotile coccus that occurs in chains or pairs of cells.

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S. pyogenes is a part of a person's normal flora, and it can infect when a persons defenses are compromised.

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It can be either non-invasive (not spread into the bloodstream) or invasive (spread into the bloodstream and to other body sites

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Respiratory droplets, hand contact with nasal discharge and direct contact with lesions are the most important modes of transmission of Streptococcus pyogenes.

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It can cause a variety of infections and symptoms associated with Group A Streptococcal diseases depending on which area is affected. examples are strep throat: sore throat caused by infection
impetigo: skin infection that causes sores and blisters.
Scarlet fever: infectious disease causing sore throat and characteristic red rash.

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In severe infections It can cause necrotizing fasciitis, in which it destroys healthy tissue.

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rheumatic fever

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The best way to prevent S. pyogenes is by maintaining good hand hygiene and avoiding contact with those already infected.

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S. pyogenes is treated by a strong dose of antibiotics. If skin infections occurred topical antibiotics may be applied.

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scarlet fever