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No True Tissue

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Radially Symmetric

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Belonging to a group compromising the flatworms and nemerteans and characterized by bilateral symmetry and a digestive cavity that is the only internal cavity. This invertebrate doesn't have a coelom.

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They have false cavity which is fluid filled. Tissue derived from mesoderm only partly lines the fluid filled body cavity of these animals.

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A multi-cellular organism whose mouth develops from a primary embryonic opening, such as an annelid, mollusk, or arthropod. (Mouth first, then Anus)

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A multi-cellular organism whose mouth develops from a primary embryonic opening, such as an annelid, mollusk, or arthropod. (Mouth first, then Anus)

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A multi-cellular organism whose mouth develops from a primary embryonic opening, such as an annelid, mollusk, or arthropod. (Mouth first, then Anus)

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Any member of the phyla in which the anus appears first; developing at/near the blastopore, cleavage is radial and indeterminate. The mesodern and coelom form from outgrowths of primitive gut.

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Any member of the phyla in which the anus appears first; developing at/near the blastopore, cleavage is radial and indeterminate. The mesodern and coelom form from outgrowths of primitive gut.

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- Normally called sponges
- Marine and fresh water forms
- Body has more than one opening (oscula) & passes water out from the body

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- Hexactinellida: glass sponges
- Demospongia: siliceous sponges

- Calcarea: calcareous sponges

- Scleropongiae: tropical reef sponges

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- Radial Symmetry: axis of mouth surface
-Asymmetrical Symmetry

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- Sessile

- Aquatic

- Lack Nervous system and true organs

- Multicellular animals

- Produce diverse skeletal structures

- Diploblastic body wall

- Outer layer: pinacoderm

- Middle layer: mesenchyme

- Inner layer: choanoderm

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- Carbon Cycle
- Silicon Cycle
- Nitrogen Cycle
- Oxygen Depletion
- Sexually reproducing sponge cycle

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- Developed as mesoderm
- Reproduction is both sexual and asexual
- Simple net like nervous system
- Minimal skeleton of calcium/chiton carbonate
- phylum of aquatic invertebrates (sometimes known as coelenterates) that includes Hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals. A cnidarian's body is diploblastic, with two cell layers of the body wall separated by mesoglea, and shows radial symmetry.

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- Anthozoa: sea and corals anemones

- Hydrazoa: some corals and hydras

- Cubozoa: sea wasps and box jellyfish

- Scyphozoa: sea nettles and jellyfish

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- Contains tentacles with stinging cells that are used to capture food
- It has 2 shapes: Polypoid & Medusoid

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- Tentacles
- Digestive Cavity: gastrovascular cavity
- Diploblastic body wall

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- Sexual & Asexual Reproduction

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B790QI65Y2g

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- Growth & Reproduction
- Size and shape
- Feeding
-Basic Anatomy
- Can be found in many freshwater environments and in moist soil, where they inhabit the thin films of water that are formed around soil particles.
- Habitat includes still water environments, such as lake bottoms, as well as flowing water environments, such as rivers or streams.

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3 Classes:
- Serisonidea
- Bdelloidea
- Monogononta (largest group of 1500 species)

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- The coronal cilia, when unattached, pull the animal through the water

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4 Basic Regions:
- Head
- Neck
- Body (trunk)
- Foot

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- Asexual Phase
- Sexual Phase

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W68XfPVqAEE

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- Triploblastic germ layer
- Absent Coelom
- No digestive system
- Excretory system
- Acoelomate (they have no body cavity)
- Triploblastic (the body has three tissue layers)
- Bilaterally symmetric (they have symmetric right and left sides and usually a definite head)

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- Turbellaria: free-living flatworms

- Trematoda: parasitic flukes

- Cestoda: parasitic tapeworms

- Monogenea: parasitic flatworms

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- Complex life cycles that have 2 or more organisms

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- Flatworms: no body activity

- Tripoblastic: 3 tissue layers in the body

- Bilaterally symmetric: symmetry on the right and left side

- A definite head

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- Flatworms reproduce sexually and disperse through eggs

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWVMKLsRE6s

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- Symmetry and size

- Coelom:

- Fluid-filled cavity between the gut and the outer body wall

- Used as a storage area for gametes

- Acts as hydrostatic skeleton for locomotion

- Parapodia

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- Polychaetes: segmented bristleworms

- Oligochaetes: Lumbricus earthworms

- Hirudinea: leeches

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- Large phylum with species including leeches, earthworms, and ragworms

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- Body Wall
- Nervous System
- Senses
- Segmental organs
- Brain
- Circulation and respiratory structures

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- It has different classes of mollusks
- It obtains food differently than the rest
- They have a brain

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Ex2T11wMDQ

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Unsegmented and bilaterally symmetrical:
- Creates secretion calcareous spicules, shells, and plates

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- Gastopods: snails and slugs

- Polyplacophora: chitons

- Bivalves: muscles, clams, and scallops

- Cephalopods: nautilu, squid, and octopus

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- They don't have a shell

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- Mantle: dorsal part of the body wall

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- Trochophore: larval stage
- Mollusks life cycle of free swimming

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9cXp8j76E98

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- Exoskeleton
- Bilateral Symmetry
- Segmented Bodies
- Jointed Appendages
- Open- Circulatory System

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- Trilobitomorpha: extinct tribolites

-Chelicerata:

- Arachnida: scorpions and spiders

- Xiphosura: horseshoe crabs
- Myriapoda:

- Diplopoda: millipedes

- Chilopoda: centipedes

- Madibulata:

- Hexapoda: insects like fruit flies or cockroaches
- Crustacea: crustaceans like crayfish and shrimp

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More species than in any other phyla

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- Open circulatory system

- Jointed appendages

- Segmented bodies

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- Process of metamorphosis

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2An7rV8JSIA

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- Radial Symmetry: symmetrical around the central axis.
- Size
- Water vascular system
- Internal skeleton
- "Spiny Skin"
- Radial symmetry, several arms radiating from a central body
- Consists of five equal segments, each containing a duplicate set of various internal organs

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- Crinoidea: feather stars and sea lily

- Asteroidea: starfish

- Ophiuroidea: brittle stars

- Echinoidea: sand dollars and sea urchins

- Holothuroidea: sea cucumbers

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- Radial symmetry: cuts along the center into equivalent shapes

- Have only a defined top and bottom

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- Several arms- 5 or more

- Central body

- Various internal organs

- No brain

- No heart

- No eyes

- Light sensitive parts in their arms

- Tube feet

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Metamorphosis-> fertilization-> blastulation-> Gastrulation->Larval development

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-R-PxupjV9I

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-        Tissues

-        Dorsal (back side) hollow Nerve chord

-        muscles

-        Pharyngeal slits

-        Fish-like look

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-        Mammalia: a rat or a human

-        Urochordata: tunicates

-        Aves: hummingbird and chicken

-        Cephalochordata: lancelets

-        Reptilia: a turtle or a snake

-        Mixini: hagfish

-        Amphibia: a newt or a frog

-        Petromyzontida: lamprey

-        Sarcopterygia: lobed-finned fish

-        Chondrichtyes: skates or sharks

-        Actinitpterygia: ray-finned fish

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- Their vertebral column

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-        Vertebral column

-        Dorsal hollow nerve cord

-        Post-anal tail

-        Sense organs

-        Nervous system

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-        Digestion and nutrition

-        Excretion

-        Respiration

-        Nervous system and sense organs

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJikuVZL8BE

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DfROrUE-xEE

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1. Dorsal hollow nerve cord: derives from ectoderm that rolls into hollow tube. Located at top of the animal. Embryo develops into the brain and spinal cord, which comprise the central nervous system.
2. Notochord: flexible, rod shaped structure found in embryonic stage. It gives chordates skeletal support through length of body. Located between digestive tube and nerve cord. Primary axial support of the body throughout lifetime.
3. Pharyngeal slits
4. Post-anal tail

Advantage is that it has urochordata and cephalochordata which possess distinctive features. In vertebraes, a bony

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Radial: symmetry around central axis (cnidarians-jellyfish, echino- sea stars, urchins, and sea cucumbers.)
Bilateral (2): the property of being divisible into symmetrical halves on either side of a plane. ( clams, worms, vertebrates).

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Don't have organized tissue so they depend on cells such as porocytes, pinacocytes which specialize is functioning within the body. Mesohyl acts as endoskeleton helping to maintain shape. They derive and manage vital functions in the body of sponges. They are able to absorb and form again even if taken apart. Least evolutionarily advanced group of animal kingdom. Sessile (uncapable of moving)

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1: polyp (sea anemone, coral, shaped like a vase, mouth opening at the top, don't move, adapted for a life attached to an underwater surface.)
2: medusa (jellyfish, free-swimming life, have mouths that open downward)
Some go through both body plans

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Tri: Possess bilateral symmetry. (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm)
- Ectoderm: external layer develops nervous system, external sensory organs of the hair and skin glands.
- Mesoderm: middle layer forms connective tissue, cartilage, muscle, blood vessels, lymphatics, notocord, pericardium, kidneys, gonads.
- Endoderm: innermost layer, epithelium, respiratory tract, digestive tract, bladder and urethra are formed.

Diploblastic: cnidaria possess two germ layers. (ectoderm and endoderm)

- All animals except porifera, cnidaria, and ctenophora have 3 germ layers. Triploblastic have become dominant because advantages by having coelom (body cavity, protects organs from external pressure, increasing strength and speed, organs to develop at diff rates)
- Others are more simple such as acoelomates

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1.  What does this experiment say about America and society’s attitudes towards gay parenting?  Explain your answer.

2.  Do you think this kind of treatment is an accurate reflection of how people perceive or feel about homosexuality in America?  Explain you answer.

3.  Do you think that the patrons would have reacted in the same way if the waitress was refusing to serve a straight couple who was spanking and cussing at their children? Explain.