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Hannah

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Hannah

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A Christmas Carol - GCSE English Literature Revision - BBC Bitesize

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GCSE English Literature A Christmas Carol learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers.

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Scrooge mainly portrays the theme of greed. We understand this when the charity people come in to ask for a donation for the poor and Scrooge completely denies there attempt and is extremely rude to them. He also says that if the poor would rather die then they should do it and decrease the ‘surplus population’ showing to us how selfish and greedy Scrooge is over his feelings and his money

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The theme of redemption is shown throughout the novel. Redemption is the idea of being saved from evil or a sin.
In the beginning, we meet Scrooge when he is a old, greedy, selfish miser however by the end he turns into a good natured, humble and generous man. When the ghosts take Scrooge on a journey, they show him what errors he has made in life and give the the opportunity to redeem himself.
The moral message of the story is that humans have the chance to behave in a kinder way towards one an other.

Analysis:

At the start of the novella Scrooge rejects all offers of Christmas cheer from everyone he meets. | "Christmas a humbug, uncle!" said Scrooge's nephew. "You don't mean that, I am sure?" When Scrooge says Christmas is a 'humbug' we see him rejecting all the compassion and celebration that is linked with the festive season.

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Dickens uses the Cratchit family as a representation of a typical poor family in the Victorian era. They are portrayed as the complete opposite to Scrooge, due to the fact that they barely have enough money to feed the whole family, yet they are extremely loving, caring and generous towards each other. The family as a whole contrasts with Scrooge's cold personality, as he has all the money he could wish for, but self inflicts his own misery by refusing the love of others.

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In 1834 the Poor Law Amendment Act was passed by Parliament. This was designed to reduce the cost of looking after the poor as it stopped money going to poor people except in exceptional circumstances. If people feel like they wanted to help, they would have to go into workhouses.

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"What reason have you to be morose? You're rich enough"

"I have always thought of Christmas as a good time, a kind, forgiving, charitable, pleasant time"

"Don't be angry uncle. Merry Christmas!"

"I mean to to give him the same chance every year, whether he likes it or not, for I pity him."

"Let him in! It is a mercy he didn't shake his arm off."

"He's comical old fellow, 'said Scrooge's nephew, 'that's the truth

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Family: Scrooges nephew Fred introduces another side to the miser. Scrooge is not unfortunate in the way of relatives- he has a family awaiting his presence, asking him to dinner, wanting to celebrate the season with him but he refuses as he would rather spend it by himself all alone.

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Jacob Marley was Scrooge’s late business partner. We first meet the ghost of Jacob Marley in Stave 2 when Scrooge is unlocking his door and looks up to see Jacob Marley’s face on the door knocker. Soon after, he arrives with the sound of ringing bells and clanking of chains. This is typical onamatopoeic language to herold  the coming of his spirit. Jack Marley now a chained and tormented ghost, who now has to wonder the earth forevermore as a punishment due to his greedy and selfish attitude when he was alive. Marley tells Scrooge that he could end up the same if he doesn’t change his attitude towards other people. Marley also tells Scrooge that he will be visted by three different spirits. The ghost Of Christmas past, present and future. HO

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"Hard and sharp as flint"- showing Scrooges cruelty
"solitary as an oyster"- Similie showing how Scrooge chooses to be alone
"He carriers his own low temperature around with him"- metaphor for the effect Scrooge has on the people around him
"Bah! Humbug"-Scrooge believes the Christmas is a humbug which is false or untrue, emphasising how much he dislike so christmas.
"Are there no prisons? Are there no workhouse"- conditions of these places were very well know to be poor and almost unlivible, the fact Scrooge even considers these as a viable solution is shocking .
"If they would rather die they had better do it and decrease the surplus population."- relates to the Malthusiam theory and is a political diatribe.
"Scrooge sobbed"- showing how scrooges solitary life choice may be down to his neglact as a child.
"Tell me of tiny tin will love"- scrooges first sign of caring for anybody and is the starting point of change.
"I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as an angel"- dickens uses similies to show how Scrooge is so happy, just like he used them to show how cruel he is at the start.
"There I am about to raise your salary"- shocking as scrooges old ways would never have dreamed of giving Bob Cratchit a raise but now he has and emphasises his change.

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1. A Christmas Carol is set in the Industrial Revolution, Victorian England
2. Many people worked, including women and children. Workers had to move into extreme poverty.
3. A Christmas Carol is a political diatribe, attacking politics in the Victorian era by teaching moral lessons to the public about equality of the rich and poor, and changing the ways that people view others. Dickens' intentions were to change the ways of the people in

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ALLEGORY- a form of writing which uses characters, plots and settings are used to reach a moral lesson to the readers.
AMBIGUITY-is a word with more than one interpretation or meaning to it, for example When Scrooge is described as "solitary as an oyster" there is no ambiguity in the meaning of it.
ANALEPSIS- a flash back is injected into the scene to take the narrative back in time. I.E when Scrooge is taken back to the Christmas where he was left at school in his childhood.
ANTI-HERO- someone in a play or novel with the opposite characteristics of that a conventional hero.
Benthamism
MP

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Thomas Malthus believe that, with the growing population of Britain, the poor should be over looked and left to fend for themselves without any help from the more powerful, richer population, In doin this the "surplus population would decrease". Dickens uses Scrooge to attack this theory as it is clearly a very sick and wrong thing to have thought of, when the gentlemen come asking for the charitable donation and Scrooge says about leaving them to "decrease the surplus population" this is Dickens' way of attacking the Malthusian theory showing how wrong it is, as the reader would understand it as being wrong in the novel so would realise how wrong it is in real life. MP

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Scrooge is the main character in the novella A Christmas Carroll, he is displayed as a selfish business man and a miser, who has no Christmas spirit. He is also blinded to his surroundings as his does not pay any attention to the poor. Towards the end of the novel, Scrooges personality changes as he is visited by the 3 ghosts, they change his feelings towards this by showing him his dreaded past and foreshadowing what people in the future will think of him.

Key Quotes for Scrooge
(Before)
"Hard and sharp as Flint"- This metaphor describes the personality of Scrooge.

"Solitary as an oyster"- Another metaphor to show Scrooge is lonely and has no one to open up to.

"He carried his own low temperature around with him"- Scrooge makes other people feel miserable when there around him.

(After)
"Spirit!

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Stave 1- Ebenezer is at work in his counting house. Although it's Christmas Eve and it's freezing he refuses to pay for coal for himself and his clerk. His nephew comes to visit and invite him to spend Christmas Day with him but Scrooge refuses as he is a cold covetous old sinner.
Stave 2- Scrooge locks up his counting house for Christmas. He goes back to his house and is visited by Jacob Marley his former partner when Jacob was alive. He tells him he is going to be visited by three ghosts and that he has to listen to them to make sure he doesn't forge chains and so he can change.
Stave 3- Scrooge is visited by the ghost of Christmas past who shows him his childhood. In doing this we begin to see a change in Scrooge as he shows us different emotions other than being miserable.
Stave 4- The ghost of Christmas present then comes to visit the changing Scrooge. He takes him to the cratchit house and shows them their tiny meal and also he sees tiny Tim whose kindness warms Scrooges heart. Then it transfers to Fred's house where Scrooge is being talked about behind his back.
Stave 5- The ghost of Christmas yet to come then visits Scrooge. He inflicts fear into Scrooge by his appearance of the grim reaper which symbolises death which the ghost shows to Scrooge about himself. Also he doesn't speak which shows the mysterious ways of the ghost. He shows him a headstone with Scrooges name on and also people talking about a wealthy man who has deceased. Once Scrooge has been shown this he promises to change and begs the ghost for a second chance. He wakes up on Christmas morning and rushes out onto the street to spread just Christmas joy with everyone. Scrooge changes and becomes a better person by giving to everyone especially the Cratchits.

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Christmas

1. A Christmas carol was published as a Christmas story, and takes the form of a Christian morality tale containing a moral lesson that the highly religious and traditional English population of Dickens' time would enjoy.

2. Traditionally, Christmas is a time for caring and giving. Christmas spirit is shown through the character Tiny Tim, through his selflessness, bravery and how he is ill and in pain but he still shows kindness and love to everyone, even though he is suffering.

3. Also, when Scrooge witnesses a minor family, he sees that many generations of the same family are singing together, this shows Scrooge that It doesn't matter if you are rich or poor, at Christmas time, joy is found through togetherness.