# data[].attributes.headline
Does the rough endoplasmic reticulum actually help make the protein, or is it just a place for the ribosomes to stay and do the work?

# data[].attributes.subject
Does the rough endoplasmic reticulum actually help make the protein, or is it just a place for the ribosomes to stay and do the work?

# data[].attributes.headline
Where do carbs go after they are metabolized?

# data[].attributes.subject
Where do carbs go after they are metabolized?

# data[].attributes.headline
How does the Golgi Apparatus modify proteins?

# data[].attributes.subject
How does the Golgi Apparatus modify proteins?

# data[].attributes.headline
What is the difference between transcription and translation?

# data[].attributes.subject
What is the difference between transcription and translation?

# data[].attributes.body
We will study these carefully in the next unit. Transcription is the copying of one gene from a chromosome into a form that can escape the nucleus -- messenger RNA. Once the messenger RNA gets out of the cell, it can be read by ribosomes which use it as the recipe for making a protein. That process is called translation

# data[].attributes.headline
Do we know why the smooth  ER is more tubular than the rough ER?

# data[].attributes.subject
Do we know why the smooth  ER is more tubular than the rough ER?

# data[].attributes.body
I don't know. I looked online and didn't see an obvious answer. The main difference is that RER is often flattened.

# data[].attributes.headline
Is the nucleolus also an organell? or would we just call it part of the nucleus?

# data[].attributes.subject
Is the nucleolus also an organell? or would we just call it part of the nucleus?

# data[].attributes.body
It doesn't fit the picky definition of an organelle since it is not membrane-bound.

# data[].attributes.body
messenger RNA -- it's a temporary copy of one gene that can go out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm where the ribosomes live. Then is serves as the recipe for the ribosome to assemble a protein.

# data[].attributes.headline
Since cancer cells duplicate and grow uncontrollably, are there any studies that have been done accelerate the growth of a cancer cell to see if there's a limit to how far a cell will grow before no longer having the capability of duplicating? 

# data[].attributes.subject
Since cancer cells duplicate and grow uncontrollably, are there any studies that have been done accelerate the growth of a cancer cell to see if there's a limit to how far a cell will grow before no longer having the capability of duplicating? 

# data[].attributes.body
I don't know. They are already dividing at pretty much the absolute max (since they don't really do anything else).

# data[].attributes.headline
What is the most complex part of a cell?

# data[].attributes.subject
What is the most complex part of a cell?

# data[].attributes.body
Probably...
Nucleus
mitochondria
chloroplasts (in plants)

# data[].attributes.body
They are full of enzymes that hydrolyze (break) up the bonds. Then we can reuse those amino acids to make new proteins.

# data[].attributes.body
There is a precise lining up of all the chromosomes then separating. It kind of looks like square dancing of some kind of baroque dance. After the chromosomes divide, the rest of the cell either gets pinched in half (animals) or a new thick cell wall grows in the middle (plants).

# data[].attributes.headline
Could stem cells be the cure for cancer?

# data[].attributes.subject
Could stem cells be the cure for cancer?

# data[].attributes.body
Certainly they could contribute. Cancer is so tricky because even though the outcome looks to be in common (uncontrolled growth of malformed cells), the causes are many and varied. Curing cancer is like curing 50-100 different diseases.

# data[].attributes.headline
What are some of the molecules that are completely safe to be in the nuclear envelope with DNA

# data[].attributes.subject
What are some of the molecules that are completely safe to be in the nuclear envelope with DNA

# data[].attributes.body
Certainly the enzymes that work to copy the DNA for replication and transcription. Coming in November!!

# data[].attributes.headline
What does the table mean by "security" as the factory part of an organell?

# data[].attributes.subject
What does the table mean by "security" as the factory part of an organell?

# data[].attributes.body
There are some very toxic chemicals that end up in the cell. They don't hurt us at very low concentrations but they would be deadly if they built up. Peroxisomes seek out, take in, and break down these chemicals (like peroxide).

# data[].attributes.headline
We will study cell division in December.

# data[].attributes.subject
We will study cell division in December.

# data[].attributes.headline
It says that Eukaryotic cells divide by mitosis, isn't that just the splitting of the cell into two?

# data[].attributes.subject
It says that Eukaryotic cells divide by mitosis, isn't that just the splitting of the cell into two?

# data[].attributes.body
Sort of. Mitosis is really just the precise sorting and division of the chromosomes followed by cytokinesis, which is the division of everything else.

# data[].attributes.headline
How do the cells divide? Also, if a Eukaryotic cell divides, how do both pieces gain back the organells it loses when it seperated?

# data[].attributes.subject
How do the cells divide? Also, if a Eukaryotic cell divides, how do both pieces gain back the organells it loses when it seperated?

# data[].attributes.body
The chromosomes are divided very carefully and precisely followed by a less careful dividing of the cytoplasm. The first part of the cell cycle after divsion is mostly devoted to the new cells gaining size and adding more organelles.

# data[].attributes.headline
Are cell membranes, Cell walls, and cytoplasm considered "organells"? if not, what would I call them?

# data[].attributes.subject
Are cell membranes, Cell walls, and cytoplasm considered "organells"? if not, what would I call them?

# data[].attributes.body
So, I guess one could generically call all of them cell parts. You will almost always see cell walls included in organelle lists (even though they don't really meet the official criteria). The cytoplasm (or sometimes cytosol) is the medium the other organelles are suspended in.

# data[].attributes.headline
How did we figure out that the surface area and volume mattered to the size of the cell?

# data[].attributes.subject
How did we figure out that the surface area and volume mattered to the size of the cell?

# data[].attributes.body
surface area and volume relationships are important in determining the scale of many things including animals at different latitudes (temperatures).

# data[].attributes.headline
What else can affect the size of the cell?

# data[].attributes.subject
What else can affect the size of the cell?

# data[].attributes.body
It's mostly SA/Vol ratio but there may also be practical limits to have fast proteins can be made to service a cell.

# data[].attributes.headline
What was the first type of cell found or created?

# data[].attributes.subject
What was the first type of cell found or created?

# data[].attributes.body
Certainly prokaryotic, but there is debate whether it was bacteria or archaea or something ancestral to both.

# data[].attributes.headline
The theory states that all cells are made up of cells, which is the general conclusion. However, the first cell(s) could not have come from another cell because they were non existant. If a cell must have started without another cell to begin with, couldn't a cell be created like that now? 

# data[].attributes.subject
The theory states that all cells are made up of cells, which is the general conclusion. However, the first cell(s) could not have come from another cell because they were non existant. If a cell must have started without another cell to begin with, couldn't a cell be created like that now? 

# data[].attributes.body
That's a key question--there is an active area of research into both early prokaryotic cells (how the first cells arose) and into how the first eukaryotic cells came about (endosymbiotic theory). There are aspects of a cell that have often been created in a lab but certainly no self-sustaining or self-replicating true cell has been made.

# data[].attributes.headline
What exactly are considered "organells" and what are not?

# data[].attributes.subject
What exactly are considered "organells" and what are not?

# data[].attributes.body
That's actually kind of confusing. Some people call any structure in a cell an organelle while others only define them as those that are "membrane-bound,", which leaves out ribosomes, centrioles, and nucleolus (which are not bound (surrounded) by a membrane).