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Conjunctions vs Linkers - One in the same?

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Conjunctions vs Linkers - One in the same?

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conjunctions > join ideas as clauses in one sentence > and, but, so, while, whereas, and although Eg: He went for for a walk although it was raining.
linkers > are adverbs and link ideas in two sentences > however, on the other hand, therefore, furthermore Eg: ...it can become a challenge. On the other hand, an advantage of the same can be....

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Common noun - refers to people or things in general e.g. He is a boy.

Proper noun - is a name that identifies a particular person, place, or thing, e.g. My favorite place is London.

Concrete noun - refers to people and to things that exist physically and can be seen, touched, smelled, heard, or tasted. e.g. He ordered a coffee.

Abstract noun - refers to ideas, qualities, and conditions - things that cannot be seen or touched and things which have no physical reality, e.g. We love happiness.

Collective nouns - refer to groups of people or things, e.g. I have a happy family.

Discuss use singular (American English) or plural (British English)?

Count and mass nouns

Countable - refer to something that can be counted, e.g. There are three women in the room

Uncountable - do not typically refer to things that can be counted and so they do not regularly have a plural form, e.g. The moon rotates around the earth.

Common Mistakes with Nouns

Nouns like scenery, furniture, news, information, luggage and bread are always used in the singular. They do not have a plural form.

e.g. Incorrect: Have you got any informations?

Correct: Have you got any information?

Expressions like the poor, the dead, the blind, the unemployed are always plural. You don’t have to say the poors or the blinds

e.g. Incorrect: He provided the blinds with food.
Correct: He provided the blind with food.

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Perfect verb, Passive verb, subject-verb/agreement

Subject-Verb agreement:  Subjects and verbs must AGREE with one another in number (singular or plural).  Thus, if a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular; if a subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.

In present tenses, nouns and verbs form plurals in opposite ways:

nouns ADD an s to the singular form,

BUT

verbs REMOVE an s from the singular form.
Boys eats fruits
Dogs chase cats
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Past perfect

Incorrect: He said that his father died last year.
Correct: He said that his father had died last year.

Incorrect: I could not meet him because he went out before I arrived.
Correct: I could not meet him because he had gone out before I arrived.

Incorrect: He got angry even before I said a word.
Correct: He got angry even before I had said a word.

These are examples of the common failure to use the past perfect when the time of one past tense verb is more past than that of another. When two past actions are mentioned in the same sentence, use the past perfect tense for the earlier action and the simple past tense for the later action.

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Wed, 06/09/2010 - 05:44 - Chris McCarthy

These two tenses are both used to talk about things that happened in the past. However we use past perfect to talk about something that happened before another action in the past, which is usually expressed by the past simple.

For example:

"I had already eaten my dinner when he called."
In other words, First I ate my dinner, then he called.
The past perfect is often used with already, yet, just and even.

In the following sentences, do we need the past simple form of the verb, or the past perfect? The first two questions should remind you when we use each tense.

Note on questions 3 & 6: There is a possibility of both being correct BUT as we have two actions in the past and the homework happened first, it is better to use past perfect
Today's lesson is by Caroline
Start your journey to success, learn English abroad with EC.

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Wed, 06/09/2010 - 05:44 - Chris McCarthy These two tenses are both used to talk about things that happened in the past. However we use past perfect to talk about something that happened before another action in the past, which is usually expressed by the past simple.

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Adjectives are words that describe the qualities or states of being of nouns: enormous, doglike, silly.....
Adverbs are words that change or qualify the meanings of other words, clauses, or sentences.

An adjective describes a noun or pronoun: "That boy is so loud!"
An adverb describes a verb or anything apart from a noun and pronoun: "That boy speaks so loudly!"
Adverbs are used to answer how questions e.g. "How does he talk? - He talks loudly."

Common Erros
1. Unnecessary modifiers
She was actually happy to see her brother.
She was happy to see her brother.

2. Misplaced adjectives
I'm not interesting in the movie.
'ing' describes an effect of a thing or person, 'ed' describes how a person feels.

3. Mixing up adjectives and adverbs
He plays tennis good.
He plays tennis well.

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Article > An article is a word used before a noun that indicates whether or not the reference is to a specific entity or entities or an unspecific one. There are only three articles, a, an and the.

Zero Article > Sometimes it is possible to have a noun phrase with NO article—the so-called "ZERO article".

I need a bowl of rice. ← Indefinite article

I like the rice in this restaurant. ← Definite article

I eat rice every day. ← ZERO article

Mostly we use Zero article

With plural and uncountable nouns

General meaning

- Cars, People    << Cars can be dangerous. >>

- Life, Water   << There was water on the doorstep. >>

Abstract nouns

- Education, Happiness, Music << Music is my passion. >>

With singular countable nouns

Names     << I gave to Marry. >>

Places     << She arrived in Bangkok yesterday. >>

Noun + Number      << Please turn to page 67. >>

Movement or Transport    << I’m leaving town tomorrow by car. >>

Streets , Languages, Academic subjects, Days and months, Games   and Sports, Meals

Quantifiers > A quantifier is a word ( or Phrase) which indicate the number or amount being referred to. It generally comes before the noun ( or noun phrase).
Quantifiers can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns.

Examples of quantifiers
With Uncountable Nouns
much, a little/little/very little , a bit (of), a great deal of, a large amount of, a large quantity of

With Both
all, enough, more/most, less/least, no/none, not any, some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of

With Countable Nouns
many, a few/few/very few, a number (of), several, a large number of, a great number of, a majority of

Examples:
There are some books on the desk
He's got only a few dollars.
How much money have you got?
There is a large quantity of fish in this river.
He's got more friends than his sister.

* NOTE
little, very little mean that there is not enough of something.
a little means that there is not a lot of something, but there is enough.
** NOTE
few, very few mean that there is not enough of something.
a few means that there is not a lot of something, but there is enough.