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“1929: A Turning Point During the Weimar Republic.” Facing History and Ourselves, www.facinghistory.org/weimar-republic-fragility-democracy/readings/1929-turning-point.

History.com Staff. “Weimar Republic.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2017, www.history.com/topics/weimar-republic.

“The Weimar Republic.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10008222.

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On August 11, 1919, the Weimar Constitution was signed into law by President Ebert. The law faced venomous opposition from the military and the radical left. The Constitution contained 181 articles and covered everything from the structure of the German state (Reich) and the rights of the German people to religious freedom and how laws should be established.

Some Weimar Constitution highlights:

The term of the President is seven years.

All Germans are equal and have the same civil rights and responsibilities.

All Germans have the right to freedom of expression.

All Germans have the right to peaceful assembly.

All Germans have the right to freedom of religion; there is no state church.

State-run, public education is free and mandatory for children.

All Germans have the right of private property.

All Germans have the right to equal opportunity and earnings in the workplace.

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I didn't know anything about the Weimar Republic. At first, I thought it was just a smaller part of Germany that had sectioned off from the rest of the country. I thought they wanted to be by themselves because of their new thoughts on how the county should be run. I later learned that the Weimar Republic was the country of Germany as a whole and the name was created because the original city of Berlin was too dangerous. The city of Weimar was not that damaged after World War I and was a much better choice.

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Unemployment protest during the Great Depression.

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Unemployment protest during the Great Depression.

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Much of the Weimar Republic’s recovery was due to a steady flow of American dollars into its economy. But unknown to Germany, America had positioned itself for an economic disaster of its own as it struggled with increased unemployment, low wages, declining stock values and massive, unliquidated bank loans.

On October 29, 1929, the U.S. stock market crashed, sending America into a devastating economic meltdown and ushering in the Great Depression.

The stock market crash had a global ripple effect. It was especially devastating for the newly-recovered Weimar Republic. As the flow of American money dried up, Germany could no longer meet their financial responsibilities. Businesses failed, unemployment plummeted again, and Germany faced another devastating economic crisis.

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On June 23, the Treaty of Versailles was signed, which ordered Germany to reduce its military, take responsibility for the World War I, abandon some of its territory and pay enormous reparations to the Allies. It also prevented Germany from joining the League of Nations at that time.

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The Weimar Republic is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state as it existed between 1919 and 1933. The name comes from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place.
World War I left Germany a shattered nation. Two million young men had been killed and 4.2 million had been wounded. In all, 19% of the male population were casualties of the war. At home, the civilian population suffered from malnutrition as a result of the Allied blockade. Workers went on strike in attempts to gain better working conditions. In 1917 alone, there were 562 separate strikes.