# data[].attributes.body
I am going to be shooting other people as well as my self, With the images being over exposed and under exposed with longer shutter speed to crate a blur effect and some double exposures

# data[].attributes.body
Abstract is existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence as Google explains.
*Ways To Get Abstract Images *
** Elimination ~ process of taking things away, leaving something, or nothing.
** Isolation ~ Separate, something by its self, focusing on one thing, empty space/negative space.
(**,**) ~ Minimalism
// Abundance ~ lots, can be a pattern, can be random, chaos
// Filling the frame ~ entire frame of picture is filled , subject stuff very little  or no negative space.
(//,//) ~  Maximalism

# data[].attributes.body
A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face and its expression is predominant. The intent is to display the likeness, personality, and even the mood of the person, as written by Wikipedia.
And portraiture is a word derived from the word portrait which is an act of art painting or taking pictures.

# data[].attributes.headline
Example of Maximalism (Abundance,Filling the frame)

# data[].attributes.subject
Example of Maximalism (Abundance,Filling the frame)

# data[].attributes.body
Stephanie Jung

# data[].attributes.headline
Example of Minimalism (Elimination , Isolation )

# data[].attributes.subject
Example of Minimalism (Elimination , Isolation )

# data[].attributes.body
Maykel Lima

# data[].attributes.body
shooting from different angles to create an abstract image

# data[].attributes.body
Monroe is the caption of this image because the image is of the late actress Marilyn Monroe and this image is a screen print picture by Andy  Warhol.
with the background being an Intermediate (tertiary) colour blue-green, a primary colour of yellow, a pink colour for the face with lips being red and the eye shadows of a lighter version of blue-green.
Making a form of isolation between the subject and the background.

# data[].attributes.body
I choose to caption this image the
FACELESS MAN.
I find this painting to be more powerful and striking because of the use of vibrant colours on a white background making the illusion of isolation and make the image pop up out from the background. And the mixture of the colours makes create the shape of a face but at the say time the motion of which the paint was going makes it go in a circular motion.

# data[].attributes.body
** Drawing
**Painting
**Screen Printing
**Photography
**Sculpture
**Textiles
**collage

# data[].attributes.headline
outlines for how to in abstraction in portraiture 

# data[].attributes.subject
outlines for how to in abstraction in portraiture 

# data[].attributes.body
** create your own light source depending on how you want your images to appear
** use a zoom les to help with isolation if you have any
**change angles from point of view **change lighting direction
**use double exposure
**use longer shutter speed
**shoot  under exposed images
** shoot over exposed image
**create your own style

# data[].attributes.body
some abstract images taking in the city of London on our day out to take images that have all the all the 7formal elements of photography (line,shape , texture, depth of field, patten,value,colour )

# data[].attributes.headline
multiple exposure in camera to create an abstract image (1)

# data[].attributes.subject
multiple exposure in camera to create an abstract image (1)

# data[].attributes.body
i took this image in camera to create an organised mess which makes the viewer of the image not loss interest but rather try to find the actual image it self.

# data[].attributes.body
i shot this image by lowering my aperture to let more light in and create this image of abstraction called elimination where by the image stands out with the surrounding being plain, by using a form of formal element in photography called depth of field

# data[].attributes.headline
Large Format Negatives For Contact Printing  

# data[].attributes.subject
Large Format Negatives For Contact Printing  

# data[].attributes.body
Large format refers to any imaging format of 4×5 inches (102×127 mm) or larger, Large format cameras were some of the earliest photographic devices, and before enlargers were common, it was normal to just make 1:1 contact prints from a 4×5, 5×7, or 8×10-inch negative as stated by Wikipedia.
contact printing are the same size as the negative used so  unless work with large format cameras, digital negative are the most practical solution for making large scale prints.
Some ways of making large scale printing format are by using image editing software's and an inkjets or laser printer. And digital files can be used to create custom sized negatives on transparency film.

How to create a negative print by using Photoshop
* open your images and if it is in colour you will have to covert it to black and white .
* Adjust the contrast of your image by using the level tool to crate a correct proportion of whites and blacks in the image to make a good value. and make notes of the settings  you use, so you can  go back to later. tests and experience will teach you a lot.
* Invert the image to convert positive image into negative by selecting colour then invert.
*Print the negatives are different because most ink jets have a transparency setting. But sometimes it is better to use glossy paper settings as it will give a denser ink coverage
*note that just as film negatives the white are blacks when developed as is the blacks whites.

# data[].attributes.headline
CYANOTYPE on paper (this can also be done on fabrics)

# data[].attributes.subject
CYANOTYPE on paper (this can also be done on fabrics)

# data[].attributes.body
Is a printing process which relies on the light sensitivity of iron salts, creating blue-tinted images. It is a process that was developed by a pioneering English chemist and photographer John Herschel in 1839-1842. it was the cheapest and simple process of creating large scale copies of engineering plans(blueprint) but it can also be used for photographic subjects. even though it is a simple and costs less to make it has some disadvantages like long exposure time and short chemical shelf life.
*note* You can buy ready made cyanotype  solutions, but its not that difficult to mix your own.

** Things you need to make cyanotype solution and prints :-

*25g ferric ammonium citrate
*10g potassium farricyanide
*hydrogen peroxide
*distilled water ( water with no minerals in it)
*beaker(500ml)
*gloves
*scales
*non-metallic brash or glass rod (for coating)
* contact printing frame / clips to hold prints
*large format negatives
* watercolour paper / any paper that can absorb liquid
*uv lamp / the sun
*trays for processing

MAKING THE TWO SOLUTIONS
** For solution A , Mix 10g potassium ferricyanide with 100ml of distilled water.
** For solution B , Mix 25g ferric ammonium citrate with 100ml of distilled water.
**** note****
1.You must measure everything you do.
2. Store both solutions in DIFFERENT brown bottles to prevent light from entering and keep in COOL, DARK place. =(longer shelf life)

COMBINE THE TWO SOLUTIONS
**Mix equal amount of both solution A and B under a safety light (red light). Resulting to cyanotype solution which is sensitive to light and has an intense yellow colour.

COATING THE PAPER
** Firstly you will have to use a paper that can absorb moisture.
** hold the paper with a clip/something that can hold in and start coating it with the cyanotype solution with a brush until every part is filled / you can choose to paint any how you want to create an artistic effect. Remember the solution is light sensitive so all this process should be done with safety light.

LOADING
Now that your cyanotype paper is ready, place your negative print on it and make sure its fixed and can't move.

EXPOSURE
You can expose your already clipped image under the sun but that will take a bit longer to process. But you can expose it under a UV light.

DEVELOPMENT
Once exposed , the cyanotype print is developed using simple water baths (changing the water twice or more).
Distilled water is mostly good/ gentle running water.

TONING
To darken your print a bit more, mix 1-2% of hydrogen peroxide with water/ distilled water preferably. Then put your print in it and tilt until you feel like you like the colour you got.

WASH AND DRY
Once you are happy with the result wash under running water until the yellowish stain of the cyanotype is completely clear of the unexposed area
Finally, hang and dry the print in a well ventilated area.

# data[].attributes.body
This is another iron-based contact printing method invented by John Hershel in1842(although Vandyke was first patented by Arndt and Troost in Germany in 1895.
A simple solution of ferric ammonium citrate (green), silver nitrate and citric acid is used to sensitize watercolour paper, which is dried, exposed to uv light, washed, fixed and air dried. Since the process offers only limited control over contrast levels, contrast must be adjusted in the negative itself before the image is printed.

**Things you need for Vandyke solution & print**

*20g fabric ammonium citrate (green)
*5g citric acid
*distilled water
*5g silver nitrate
*sodium thiosulfate
*beaker(500ml)
*contact-printing frame
*large -format paper
*watercolour paper
*uv lamp / sun
*gloves
*scales
*non-metallic brush / glass rod (for coating)
*brown bottles
*trays for processing

MAKING THE TWO SOLUTIONS
As with the cyanotype , the vandyke also uses two different solution that when combined becomes sensitive to light.
** PREPARING THE SOLUTION**
*SOLUTION A**
*20g fabric ammonium citrate (green), 5g citric acid and 50ml of distilled water.
* Mix together well and transfer to brown bottle labeled A

**SOLUTION B**
*5g silver nitrate  and 25ml of distilled water.
*Mix together well and transfer to brown bottle labeled B

COMBINE THE TWO SOLUTIONS
**Mix equal amount of both solution A and B together and make resulting sensitiser up to 100ml with distilled water. As soon as they are mixed the two solutions become light sensitive , so be sure to do this under a safety light (red light). **Note**(mixed solution needs to settle for a couple of days before it is used , during the time which it must remain the dark.

**SIZING**
*This is usually not necessary unless you are painting on a rough absorbent paper sock

**COATING THE PAPER**
* hold the paper with a clip/something that can hold in and start coating it with the VANDYKE  solution with a brush until every part is filled / you can choose to paint any how you want to create an artistic effect. Remember the solution is light sensitive so all this process should be done with safety light.
(to create a maximum density(DMax), it can be useful to double coat the paper by allowing the first coat to dry before you apply the second coat , diluting the sensitiser 1:1 with 5% solution of citric acid (5g silver nitrate / 100ml of water).

**DRYING**
* Leave the paper flat for 5 minutes after sensitising, then hang it up to dry by its self.(no force dry by heat)

**EXPOSURE**
*Now that your vandyke  paper is ready, place your negative print on it and make sure its fixed and can't move.
*You can expose your already clipped image under the sun but that will take a bit longer to process. And you can also expose it under a UV light. the exposure time may vary , depending on many factors so  make sure you do a test strip.
*Alternatively, you can visually check the exposure by opening up half of the contact printing frame's backing the board.

**DEVELOPING**
*Once the exposure as been made, the prints is developed in a water bath for 3 minutes . The water bath should be slightly acidic,so use 0.1% solution of citric acid.This will help prevent the iron later oxidising the silver and fading the print.

**FIXING**
*Fixing is done in both containing a 5% solution of sodium thiosulfate. Rock the tray for 3 minutes, then drain the used fixer and replenish the bath with fresh , solution . Wash the print under running water while you replace the fixer, then fix for a further 3 minutes in the second bath.

**CLEARING**
*After fixing the print, place it in a 1%solution of  sodium thiosulfate for 2 minutes . kodak cleaning agent / similar ready -made solution can also be used. These are alkaline cleaning bath  that will help the paper's long-term conservation

**WASH & DRY**
*To finish , wash the print in running water for at least 5 minutes and hang it up until its completely dru

# data[].attributes.body
i shot some abstract images of my self and others for this and use it for my cyanotype experiment by editing the using photoshop liquify

# data[].attributes.headline
abstract image for cyanotype experiment (1)

# data[].attributes.subject
abstract image for cyanotype experiment (1)

# data[].attributes.body
abstract image using the liquify tool to create a form of movement in this image. i used 3 image to create this contrast of value to be inverted and used for my cyanotype experiment.

# data[].attributes.headline
inverted image (negative image) for cyanotype experiment 

# data[].attributes.subject
inverted image (negative image) for cyanotype experiment 

# data[].attributes.body
the black in the original image turns to white and the white also turns into black. to get a good value you will have to have a good contrast of whites and blacks in the image

# data[].attributes.headline
inverted image (negative image) for cyanotype experiment (2)

# data[].attributes.subject
inverted image (negative image) for cyanotype experiment (2)

# data[].attributes.body
the black in the original image turns to white and the white also turns into black. to get a good value you will have to have a good contrast of whites and blacks in the image

# data[].attributes.headline
abstract image for cyanotype experiment (2)

# data[].attributes.subject
abstract image for cyanotype experiment (2)

# data[].attributes.body
abstract image using the liquify tool to create a form of movement in this image. i used 3 image to create this contrast of value to be inverted and used for my cyanotype experiment.

# data[].attributes.headline
Abstract images taking on the night of light in central London 

# data[].attributes.subject
Abstract images taking on the night of light in central London 

# data[].attributes.body
these shots in this contact sheet is consists of different styles used to make an abstract image, some of them are multiple exposures, camera manipulation like (zoom bust,light drawing, camera shake, longer shutter speed making subjects moving create a form of movement and the stable things still to create a good contrast.

# data[].attributes.body
this image has both zoom bust and camera shake to create an interesting movement of light which is called light drawing. And later manipulated in adobe light room to give it a good contrast of the colours.

# data[].attributes.body
with this image i used a tripod to hold my camera still and lowered my shutter speed to allow more light into the camera and waited for objects to walk into my frame, which meant the background will be still but the subjects moving blurry. And in this case it made this image look like a painting

# data[].attributes.headline
This contact sheet is full of close up, light drawing, camera shake , multiple exposure, blur, elimination.

# data[].attributes.subject
This contact sheet is full of close up, light drawing, camera shake , multiple exposure, blur, elimination.

# data[].attributes.body
As a multiple exposure this image is a perfect fit and has every thing that makes it an abstract.
the image withe the green light drawing looks like i stormy cloud in the studio and the bench being till makes this image have a horror feel to it.

# data[].attributes.body
i like this image mainly because of the colours in it and the use of camera shake. Creating another form of light drawing with a touch of blur.

# data[].attributes.body
The outcome of this contact sheet was positive as we worked in a group and using different angles and techniques.

# data[].attributes.body
This project was an interesting one mainly because it was the very 1st time I actually done a multiple exposure in camera without making a mistake/ being happy with what I created. Plus I was having fun playing with lines and doing other camera manipulation like blur.
Aside every thing going well and as planed, I had a few minor issues trying too hard to finding the things I planed to shoot when I got there as well as I didn’t really put in proper measures in case it got cold and that was a big mistake. But overall I got the shots I wanted and made this a amazing contact sheet.

# data[].attributes.body
Whit this plan I will use my Nikon d500 with the 50mm lens to make my images have a better depth of field and also let in more light without rasing my iso, which prevents noise in my images.
All my images will be focused on the 7 formal elements of photography (line, shape,texture,pattern, depth of field, colour, value)

# data[].attributes.body
With this project i had the chance to work on my own as the subject and the photographer/ as a self portrait in abstraction swell as i could use other people in my shoot to create a more dynamic range of images to help the viewer of the image have a good feel of them rather than them being boring.
I had a bit of complications / mistake in the beginning of my shoot like a poor tripod and a prime lens, But i later corrected my mistakes by changing my lens to a zoom lens which helped me to have a more free creative range while having fun with some of the camera techniques (zoom burst,camera shake).
I was also able to produce a good contact sheet on time and i liked the way all my images came out, And in addition to all that i used some of those images in photoshop to create a college with i later smudged it with the liquify tool in photoshop to create something more abstract and inverted it into a negative to be used for other chemical experiment.

# data[].attributes.body
After I developed the cyanotype images this was the outcomes of them. hese scanned images were much lighter before they were processed in Photoshop.

# data[].attributes.body
GLASS PREPERATION FOR SILVER NITRATE

Preparing the gelatine: -  Mix powdered gelatine with hot water / heat the water and mix with powdered gelatine. Note it has to be a bit thick like syrup.

Sizing the glass: - Pour some of the gelatine in the centre of glass and tilt it around until the whole glass is coated with the gelatine / use a clean brash to spread the gelatine on top of the glass and let it dry for a bit and repeat it again until you are happy with coating and leave it to cool and dry.  Note all this can be than in normal light.

Coating:-  Prepare a solution of sliver nitrate mixing potassium bromide and citric acid in the darkroom under the photosensitive light(red light). Spread the mixed solution on the sized glass by using a clean brash.  Note you coat it well

Dry:-  let it dry in the darkroom until you are ready to use.

PREPERING PARCHMENT PAPER FOR VANDYKE

Preparing the gelatine: -  Mix powdered gelatine with hot water / heat the water and mix with powdered gelatine. Note it has to be a bit thick like syrup.

Sizing the parchment paper :-  place the paper on a cardboard and hold it with a clip for a grip, use a clean brash to spread the gelatine on top of the paper and let it dry for a bit and repeat it again until you are happy with coating and leave it to cool and dry.  Note all this can be than in normal light.

Coating:-   prepare a Vandyke solution and apply it on theurface of the parchment paper  with a clean brash in a darkroom with red light on

Dry:- let it dry in the darkroom until you are ready to use.

# data[].attributes.body
plants and other materials that have been placed on photosensitive paper and exposed under the enlarger. And after developing experimented with raw bleach and diluted ones to see how it affects the paper.
scanned and Photoshop to make it up out a bit more because it was flat and lighter.

# data[].attributes.body
scanned and Photoshop to make it up out a bit more because it was flat and lighter

# data[].attributes.body
plants and other materials that have been placed on photosensitive paper and exposed under the enlarger. And after developing experimented with raw bleach and diluted ones to see how it affects the paper.
scanned and Photoshop to make it up out a bit more because it was flat and lighter

# data[].attributes.body
scanned and Photoshop to make it up out a bit more because it was flat and lighter

# data[].attributes.body
This is the outcome after exposing it under the UV light for about 10- 15 minutes. The final outcome of it as wash of the dandyke solution, As yo can see the image is looking really go and well exposed. I had a bit of problems with taking of the gelatin from the glass plate. And also had a bit of it coming off when i washed it.
So i will have to grease the glass plate before placing it on the glass and also be careful with it when washing to avoid tearing.

# data[].attributes.body
with the photogram original 1 the reason why I have an effect like a blazing fire is that after exposing my image I accidentally place it in the fixer 1st instead of the developer because the developing set up had been changed. But I was quick to wash  fixer off  before developing the right way, which gave the image a bit more character.

# data[].attributes.body
This is a nineteenth-century technique that involves covering a sheet of glass with ink or soot from a burning candle and then drawing an image on the clouded side the drawn plate is then applied to a photosensitive sheet of paper and exposed. Camille Corot and Jean Francois Millet were among the first artist who made extensive use of the process using it to create drawings glass that could then be reproduced at will. This recipe uses a thin layer of black paint or coat the glass, as a quicker and tidier alternative to the traditional soot.

****Things you need ****
*sheet of glass
*black paint / ink
*art roller
*brush / cotton swab
*enlarger
*photographic paper
*developer, stop bath and fixer.

** The Cliché-Verre Process**
1.Darken the glass :- take a bolt of paint/ink and use an art roller to spared it evenly on the  glass.( art brush will leave lines of its strokes in final prints).

2.Draw on the glass:- there are different ways of drawing on glass(etching, brush, rubbing, cotton swab). Take time and experiment and you can always repaint the glass black if you need to start over.

3.Expose the paint glass:- Once you like the way the glass plate look, it can be used as a negative for contact-printing /exposed using an enlarger, as shown. Determine the exposure time by making a test strip.

4.Develop:- develop, stop, fix and wash as you would normally for a black and white print, then hang the print to dry.

# data[].attributes.body
https://padlet.com/awiskowski/jixka2xqxzv6

# data[].attributes.body
https://padlet.com/awiskowski/jdwpmf80ysk1

# data[].attributes.body
https://padlet.com/awiskowski/59shs8yisk17

# data[].attributes.body
This it the same image as the one on top ,as you can see the image has disappeared and dried with more tears  just a week since it was developed. Even though i kept in in the darkroom under the red light in a cool dry place.
I still cannot tell why it just disappeared and why.

# data[].attributes.body
This image is the second test i done to correct the mistakes i dine in the first one, every thing went as planned except i was cracked whiles washing

# data[].attributes.body
Gellage technique is the separate the photographic emulsion from its original base on paper , you can reshape and reform the gelatin.

Gellage process

1L of water
50 ml of 6% hydrogen  peroxide
20-30 ml vinegar

the water must be very hot then you pour the produtcs
when the solution get colder you put the paper directed the emulsion down and let it soak about 5-10 min and try to peel the emulsion from the paper if not working just adjust the amount of vinegar and peroxide different paper respond to different dilution.

# data[].attributes.body
An audience is an assembled spectator or listener at a public event such as a play, film, concert or meeting as started by Google. But in my own words an audience can be a group of people in either a public or privet place to witness  an event, play, music  as a form of entertainment, for emotional  support , reminiscing about the past as well as for deep thinking and intellectual excitement in many forms as (music, art sculptures , dance, paintings, pictures).

They expect to be informed in a safe place that create the conditions that will allow the audience to hear, understand and remember the fundamental point of the idea of the show. My images are interesting because I know how to capture the attention of the viewer and make them feel exited, sad and lonely, so not to produce boring image. My images are not only made to be enjoyed and criticise but to inspire the viewer in its own way.

As a photographer I expect to be inspired and have fun when it comes to music but I expect to be either moved emotionally or put me in an imaginative and inspiration state when it comes to me visiting a photographic gallery. As am massively into portraiture, documentary, and a bit of street photography but that doesn’t mean I don’t like other types of photography, it’s just that I prefer some a bit more than others as am inspired by (Dorothea Lange, Jane Bown, Ansel Adam and many more) because of the way they create a story that is self-explanatory and the viewer has the ability to think to themselves anyhow they relate to the images individually.

Abstract photography audience have so many expectations depending on the artists and the particular exhibition of work , Some use it as a source of information, communication, excitement, inspiration ,help relax, find a balance in their life and also to relate to the social pressures. Abstract photography has a large audience as well as a long history stretching from paintings to pictures as the term photography is (light drawing).  But it also has different sub-groups as (Minimalism and Maximalism) with the  Maximalism is when the art / subjects fill the whole space in the frame /canvas (more is more) and the Minimalism is when the art / subjects does not fill the whole space in the frame /canvas creating a constructive negative space (less is more ).

Every type of photography is different from each other but they all have something in common where they all inform, inspire and entertain the viewer. But abstract art is presented in a way to base the focuses on main subjects depending on the artist and how they anticipate on how the viewer will receive the work.