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Functionalists argue that society cannot be understood as a series of isolated parts.

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1. They focused on a small scale of human behaviours
2.Self concept (the idea an individual has of the kind of person that they think they are.
3.Self-fulfilling prophecy (when a person accepts a certain label and acts to the label)
4.if a person is in the same situation does not mean that, someone else has the same experience
5. George Herbert Mead- Believed that people develop their social image due to others (social interactions)
6. Howard Becker- He did research about labels and the consequences to someone’s behaviour. (More criminal side)

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Functionalists believe that human relationships are governed by rules that reflect the values of society and those roles and values are turned into sets roles and laws.

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Social order - How society is constructed and maintained

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They believe individual is more important that the group.
They emphasize competition which deprives education and health services.
Margaret Thatcher was a large believer in this which impacted the government she ran.

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Feminists believe that society is essentially patriarchal ( dominated by men)

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The term "New Right" can be loosely used to describe politically right if centre, neo-liberal and neo-conservative approaches to society.

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Oscar Lewis was born in 25th December 1914

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Key words
Anthropology - the scientific study of the origins and development of human society
Culture of dependancy - the idea that social welfare systems encourage people to stay on benefits rather then support themselves through work
Culture of poverty - when poverty is seen as inevitable and becomes a way of life
Identity - a sence of self ( who you believe yourself to be)
Market capitalism - an economic system that supports private business in a competitive market
Marketisation of education - refers to changes in the late 1980s thst made the education system more business like based on competition and consumer
Neo-liberals and neo-conservitives - those who favour capitalism and the free market to allocate resources
Underclass - a group of people at the very bottom of the social scale who are dependant on welfare benefits

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Feminists who occupy the more moderate position  (liberal feminists) argue that is is important for o recognise that not all women are disadvantaged at work and that increasing numbers of woman in Europe and the USA  are now occupying senior positions in business, the law, politics and even the military. They also believe not all husbands exploit their wives.

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Functionalism is the oldest of the “grand theories” that people study.

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The idea of culture or subculture of poverty was first developed by the American anthropologist Oscar Lewis.

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They are seen as neo-liberal and neo-conservative

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Institutions in functionalism means all the important parts of society, so the education system, families they are all maintained by social norms

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Until the 70’s sociology was dominated by men. Senior sociologist were mostly men and much of their research was about other men. Women of considered at all were seen primarily as wives and mothers.

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A distrust of experts and the establishment's

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Since the 70’s thanks to feminism this situation has changed with women now occupying prominent academic positions and pioneering not only new areas of research but also developing qualitative methods such as life history research.

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Feminism occupy some on the same ground as Marxists and their approach. Feminism is a conflict theory in the sense that they see a divided society and believe that one group in society exploits the other

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From a feminist perspective men get the greatest Benefit form family life. Despite laws that should guarantee equal pay as protection against sex discrimination in employment, men still to end earning more money and hold higher status positions

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Charles Murray developed the idea of the underclass

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New Right Ideas in USA are associated with Ronald Reagan who was the president from 1981 to 1989