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Japanese architect Riken Yamamoto (b. 1945) was born in Beijing, People's Republic of China and relocated to Yokohama, Japan shortly after the end of World War II. Negotiating a balance between public and private dimensions from childhood, he lived in a home that was modeled after a traditional Japanese machiya, with his mother's pharmacy in the front and their living area in the rear. "The threshold on one side was for family, and on the other side for community. I sat in between."

Yamamoto knew little about his father, who had passed away when the architect was only five years old. In some ways, he sought to emulate his father's career as an engineer, but instead forged his own path into architecture. At age 17, he visited Kôfuku-ji Temple, in Nara, Japan, originally built in 730 and finally reconstructed in 1426, and was captivated by the Five-storied Pagoda symbolizing the five Buddhist elements of earth, water, fire, air and space. "It was very dark, but I could see the wooden tower illuminated by the light of the moon and what I found at that moment was my first experience with architecture."

He graduated from Nihon University, Department of Architecture, College of Science and Technology in 1968 and received a Master of Arts in Architecture from Tokyo University of the Arts, Faculty of Architecture in 1971. He founded his practice, Riken Yamamoto & Field Shop in 1973.

Photo courtesy of Riken Yamamoto

During the earliest years of his career, the architect spontaneously journeyed across countries and continents by car with his mentor, Hiroshi Hara, spending months at a time in pursuit of understanding communities, cultures and civilizations. In 1972, he drove along the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea, visiting France, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Italy, Greece and Türkiye. Two years later, he traveled from Los Angeles to Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Colombia before reaching Peru. He would also embark on a similar expedition to Iraq, India and Nepal, and concluded that the idea of a "threshold" between public and private spaces was universal. "I recognize the past system of architecture is so that we can find our culture...The villages were different in their appearance, but their worlds [were] very similar."

Yamamoto reconsidered boundaries between public and private realms as societal opportunities, committing to the belief that all spaces may enrich and serve the consideration of an entire community, and not just those who occupy them. With this in mind, he began designing single-family residences that united natural and built environments, welcoming to both guests and passersby. His first project, Yamakawa Villa (Nagano, Japan 1977), is exposed on all sides and situated in the woods, designed to feel entirely like an open-air terrace. The experience significantly influenced his future works as he extended into social housing with Hotakubo Housing (Kumamoto, Japan 1991), bridging cultures and generations through relational living.

Photo courtesy of Riken Yamamoto

Riken Yamamoto Receives the 2024 Pritzker Architecture Prize

Chicago, IL (March 5, 2024) - The Pritzker Architecture Prize announces Riken Yamamoto, of Yokohama, Japan, as the 2024 Laureate of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, the award that is regarded internationally as architecture's highest honor.

Yamamoto, architect and social advocate, establishes kinship between public and private realms, inspiring harmonious societies despite a diversity of identities, economies, politics, infrastructures, and housing systems. Deeply embedded in upholding community life, he asserts that the value of privacy has become an urban sensibility, when in fact, members of a community should sustain one another. He defines community as a "sense of sharing one space," deconstructing traditional notions of freedom and privacy while rejecting longstanding conditions that have reduced housing into a commodity without relation to neighbors. Instead, he bridges cultures, histories and multi-generational citizens, with sensitivity, by adapting international influence and modernist architecture to the needs of the future, allowing life to thrive.

"For me, to recognize space, is to recognize an entire community," Yamamoto expresses. "The current architectural approach emphasizes privacy, negating the necessity of societal relationships. However, we can still honor the freedom of each individual while living together in architectural space as a republic, fostering harmony across cultures and phases of life."

Pangyo Housing, photo courtesy of Nam Goongsun

The 2024 Jury Citation states, in part, that he was selected "for creating awareness in the community in what is the responsibility of the social demand, for questioning the discipline of architecture to calibrate each individual architectural response, and above all for reminding us that in architecture, as in democracy, spaces must be created by the resolve of the people..."

By reconsidering boundary as a space, he activates the threshold between public and private lives, achieving social value with every project, as each abounds with places for engagement and chance encounters. Small- and large-scale built works alike demonstrate masterly qualities of the spaces themselves, providing focus on the life that each one frames. Transparency is utilized so that those from within may experience the environment that lies beyond, while those passing by may feel a sense of belonging. He offers a consistent continuity of landscape, designing in discourse to the preexisting natural and built environments to contextualize the experience of each building.

He has evolved influences from traditional Japanese machiya and Greek oikos housing that existed in relationship to cities, when connectivity and commerce were essential to the vitality of every family. He designed his own home, GAZEBO (Yokohama, Japan 1986) to invoke interaction with neighbors from terraces and rooftops. Ishii House (Kawasaki, Japan 1978), built for two artists, features a pavilion-like room, that extends outdoors and serves as a stage to host performances, while living quarters are embedded beneath.

Shinonome Canal Court CODAN, photo courtesy of Tomio Ohashi

"Yamamoto develops a new architectural language that doesn't merely create spaces for families to live, but creates communities for families to live together," says Tom Pritzker, Chair of the Hyatt Foundation, which sponsors the award. "His works are always connected to society, cultivating a generosity in spirit and honoring the human moment."

Larger housing projects also embody relational elements, assuring that even residents who live alone don't dwell in isolation. Pangyo Housing (Seongnam, Republic of Korea 2010), a complex of nine low-rise housing blocks is designed with nonprescriptive transparent ground floor volumes that catalyze interconnectedness between neighbors. A communal deck across the second floor encourages interaction, featuring spaces for gathering, playgrounds, gardens and bridges that connect one housing block to another.

The Pritzker Prize is conferred in acknowledgment of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment, which have persistently produced significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture. In his long, coherent, rigorous career, Riken Yamamoto has managed to produce architecture both as background and foreground to everyday life, blurring boundaries between its public and private dimensions, and multiplying opportunities for people to meet spontaneously, through precise, rational design strategies.

Yamakawa Villa, photo courtesy of Tomio Ohashi

By the strong, consistent quality of his buildings, he aims to dignify, enhance and enrich the life of individuals-from children to elders-and their social connections. And he does this through a self-explanatory yet modest and pertinent architecture, with structural honesty and precise scaling, with careful attention to the landscape of the surroundings.

His architecture clearly expresses his beliefs through the modular structure and the simplicity of its form. Yet, it does not dictate activities, rather it enables people to shape their own lives within his buildings with elegance, normality, poetry and joy.

Riken Yamamoto deliberately engages with the widest range of building types as well as scales in the projects he chooses. Whether he designs private houses or public infrastructure, schools or fire stations, city halls or museums, the common and convivial dimension is always present. His constant, careful and substantial attention to community has generated public interworking space systems that incentivize people to convene in different ways. The entire building space of the Saitama Prefectural University (1999), for instance, is conceived as a community.

Saitama Prefectural University, photo courtesy of Tomio Ohashi

Yamamoto suggests rather than imposes this shared dimension through understated, yet precise architectural interventions. By including spaces for common activities within, in addition to and even regardless of the main function of his buildings, he allows these to integrate into the quotidian life of the community, instead of being only experienced in exceptional circumstances. The two departments for the students and researchers to work together in the Future University, Hakodate (2000), or the transparent louvred glass façade to expose the inner workings of the department in the Hiroshima Fire Station (2000) both exemplify his belief in the concept of transparency as a reflection of the functionality and accessibility of the space for users and viewers alike.

The following are images of the architecture of Riken Yamamoto.

These images may be downloaded and distributed only in relation to the announcement of Riken Yamamoto being named the 2024 Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate.
The photographer/photo libraries/artists must be credited if noted.
All images are copyright of the respective photographers and artists cited, and courtesy of the Pritzker Architecture Prize.

Click on each image to download a high-resolution file.
Captions for these images are in the 2024 Image Book, available here.

The Art Institute of Chicago

Founded in the aftermath of the Great Chicago Fire, the Art Institute of Chicago opened its current location in 1893, situated in what has become the heart of Millennium Park. The Beaux Arts building was designed by Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge and has since evolved through eight major expansions, the latest of which established the Modern Wing, designed by Renzo Piano, 1998 Pritzker Prize Laureate, and his practice, Renzo Piano Building Workshop. The permanent collection presently includes over 300,000 works of art in fields ranging from Chinese bronzes to contemporary design and from textiles to installation art.

Past Pritzker Prize Laureates who have also been honored at the Art Institute of Chicago are the late Kevin Roche, 1982 Laureate, in the museum's Stock Exchange Trading Room, the preserved and reconstructed Chicago Stock Exchange, originally designed by Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler (1893/1894); and the late Gordon Bunshaft,1988 Laureate.

The site is recognized today as the former homelands of the Council of Three Fires: Ojibwe, Odawa and Potawatomi Nations.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Riken Yamamoto | The Pritzker Architecture Prize

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Japanese architect Riken Yamamoto (b. 1945) was born in Beijing, People's Republic of China and relocated to Yokohama, Japan shortly after the end of World War II. Negotiating a balance between public and private dimensions from childhood, he lived in a home that was modeled after a traditional Japanese machiya, with his mother's pharmacy in the front and their living area in the rear.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Japanese architect Riken Yamamoto (b. 1945) was born in Beijing, People's Republic of China and relocated to Yokohama, Japan shortly after the end of World War II. Negotiating a balance between public and private dimensions from childhood, he lived in a home that was modeled after a traditional Japanese machiya, with his mother's pharmacy in the front and their living area in the rear. "The threshold on one side was for family, and on the other side for community. I sat in between."

Yamamoto knew little about his father, who had passed away when the architect was only five years old. In some ways, he sought to emulate his father's career as an engineer, but instead forged his own path into architecture. At age 17, he visited Kôfuku-ji Temple, in Nara, Japan, originally built in 730 and finally reconstructed in 1426, and was captivated by the Five-storied Pagoda symbolizing the five Buddhist elements of earth, water, fire, air and space. "It was very dark, but I could see the wooden tower illuminated by the light of the moon and what I found at that moment was my first experience with architecture."

He graduated from Nihon University, Department of Architecture, College of Science and Technology in 1968 and received a Master of Arts in Architecture from Tokyo University of the Arts, Faculty of Architecture in 1971. He founded his practice, Riken Yamamoto & Field Shop in 1973.

Photo courtesy of Riken Yamamoto

During the earliest years of his career, the architect spontaneously journeyed across countries and continents by car with his mentor, Hiroshi Hara, spending months at a time in pursuit of understanding communities, cultures and civilizations. In 1972, he drove along the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea, visiting France, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Italy, Greece and Türkiye. Two years later, he traveled from Los Angeles to Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Colombia before reaching Peru. He would also embark on a similar expedition to Iraq, India and Nepal, and concluded that the idea of a "threshold" between public and private spaces was universal. "I recognize the past system of architecture is so that we can find our culture...The villages were different in their appearance, but their worlds [were] very similar."

Yamamoto reconsidered boundaries between public and private realms as societal opportunities, committing to the belief that all spaces may enrich and serve the consideration of an entire community, and not just those who occupy them. With this in mind, he began designing single-family residences that united natural and built environments, welcoming to both guests and passersby. His first project, Yamakawa Villa (Nagano, Japan 1977), is exposed on all sides and situated in the woods, designed to feel entirely like an open-air terrace. The experience significantly influenced his future works as he extended into social housing with Hotakubo Housing (Kumamoto, Japan 1991), bridging cultures and generations through relational living.

Photo courtesy of Riken Yamamoto

Riken Yamamoto Receives the 2024 Pritzker Architecture Prize

Chicago, IL (March 5, 2024) - The Pritzker Architecture Prize announces Riken Yamamoto, of Yokohama, Japan, as the 2024 Laureate of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, the award that is regarded internationally as architecture's highest honor.

Yamamoto, architect and social advocate, establishes kinship between public and private realms, inspiring harmonious societies despite a diversity of identities, economies, politics, infrastructures, and housing systems. Deeply embedded in upholding community life, he asserts that the value of privacy has become an urban sensibility, when in fact, members of a community should sustain one another. He defines community as a "sense of sharing one space," deconstructing traditional notions of freedom and privacy while rejecting longstanding conditions that have reduced housing into a commodity without relation to neighbors. Instead, he bridges cultures, histories and multi-generational citizens, with sensitivity, by adapting international influence and modernist architecture to the needs of the future, allowing life to thrive.

"For me, to recognize space, is to recognize an entire community," Yamamoto expresses. "The current architectural approach emphasizes privacy, negating the necessity of societal relationships. However, we can still honor the freedom of each individual while living together in architectural space as a republic, fostering harmony across cultures and phases of life."

Pangyo Housing, photo courtesy of Nam Goongsun

The 2024 Jury Citation states, in part, that he was selected "for creating awareness in the community in what is the responsibility of the social demand, for questioning the discipline of architecture to calibrate each individual architectural response, and above all for reminding us that in architecture, as in democracy, spaces must be created by the resolve of the people..."

By reconsidering boundary as a space, he activates the threshold between public and private lives, achieving social value with every project, as each abounds with places for engagement and chance encounters. Small- and large-scale built works alike demonstrate masterly qualities of the spaces themselves, providing focus on the life that each one frames. Transparency is utilized so that those from within may experience the environment that lies beyond, while those passing by may feel a sense of belonging. He offers a consistent continuity of landscape, designing in discourse to the preexisting natural and built environments to contextualize the experience of each building.

He has evolved influences from traditional Japanese machiya and Greek oikos housing that existed in relationship to cities, when connectivity and commerce were essential to the vitality of every family. He designed his own home, GAZEBO (Yokohama, Japan 1986) to invoke interaction with neighbors from terraces and rooftops. Ishii House (Kawasaki, Japan 1978), built for two artists, features a pavilion-like room, that extends outdoors and serves as a stage to host performances, while living quarters are embedded beneath.

Shinonome Canal Court CODAN, photo courtesy of Tomio Ohashi

"Yamamoto develops a new architectural language that doesn't merely create spaces for families to live, but creates communities for families to live together," says Tom Pritzker, Chair of the Hyatt Foundation, which sponsors the award. "His works are always connected to society, cultivating a generosity in spirit and honoring the human moment."

Larger housing projects also embody relational elements, assuring that even residents who live alone don't dwell in isolation. Pangyo Housing (Seongnam, Republic of Korea 2010), a complex of nine low-rise housing blocks is designed with nonprescriptive transparent ground floor volumes that catalyze interconnectedness between neighbors. A communal deck across the second floor encourages interaction, featuring spaces for gathering, playgrounds, gardens and bridges that connect one housing block to another.

The Pritzker Prize is conferred in acknowledgment of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment, which have persistently produced significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture. In his long, coherent, rigorous career, Riken Yamamoto has managed to produce architecture both as background and foreground to everyday life, blurring boundaries between its public and private dimensions, and multiplying opportunities for people to meet spontaneously, through precise, rational design strategies.

Yamakawa Villa, photo courtesy of Tomio Ohashi

By the strong, consistent quality of his buildings, he aims to dignify, enhance and enrich the life of individuals-from children to elders-and their social connections. And he does this through a self-explanatory yet modest and pertinent architecture, with structural honesty and precise scaling, with careful attention to the landscape of the surroundings.

His architecture clearly expresses his beliefs through the modular structure and the simplicity of its form. Yet, it does not dictate activities, rather it enables people to shape their own lives within his buildings with elegance, normality, poetry and joy.

Riken Yamamoto deliberately engages with the widest range of building types as well as scales in the projects he chooses. Whether he designs private houses or public infrastructure, schools or fire stations, city halls or museums, the common and convivial dimension is always present. His constant, careful and substantial attention to community has generated public interworking space systems that incentivize people to convene in different ways. The entire building space of the Saitama Prefectural University (1999), for instance, is conceived as a community.

Saitama Prefectural University, photo courtesy of Tomio Ohashi

Yamamoto suggests rather than imposes this shared dimension through understated, yet precise architectural interventions. By including spaces for common activities within, in addition to and even regardless of the main function of his buildings, he allows these to integrate into the quotidian life of the community, instead of being only experienced in exceptional circumstances. The two departments for the students and researchers to work together in the Future University, Hakodate (2000), or the transparent louvred glass façade to expose the inner workings of the department in the Hiroshima Fire Station (2000) both exemplify his belief in the concept of transparency as a reflection of the functionality and accessibility of the space for users and viewers alike.

The following are images of the architecture of Riken Yamamoto.

These images may be downloaded and distributed only in relation to the announcement of Riken Yamamoto being named the 2024 Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate.
The photographer/photo libraries/artists must be credited if noted.
All images are copyright of the respective photographers and artists cited, and courtesy of the Pritzker Architecture Prize.

Click on each image to download a high-resolution file.
Captions for these images are in the 2024 Image Book, available here.

The Art Institute of Chicago

Founded in the aftermath of the Great Chicago Fire, the Art Institute of Chicago opened its current location in 1893, situated in what has become the heart of Millennium Park. The Beaux Arts building was designed by Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge and has since evolved through eight major expansions, the latest of which established the Modern Wing, designed by Renzo Piano, 1998 Pritzker Prize Laureate, and his practice, Renzo Piano Building Workshop. The permanent collection presently includes over 300,000 works of art in fields ranging from Chinese bronzes to contemporary design and from textiles to installation art.

Past Pritzker Prize Laureates who have also been honored at the Art Institute of Chicago are the late Kevin Roche, 1982 Laureate, in the museum's Stock Exchange Trading Room, the preserved and reconstructed Chicago Stock Exchange, originally designed by Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler (1893/1894); and the late Gordon Bunshaft,1988 Laureate.

The site is recognized today as the former homelands of the Council of Three Fires: Ojibwe, Odawa and Potawatomi Nations.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Riken Yamamoto | The Pritzker Architecture Prize

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Japanese architect Riken Yamamoto (b. 1945) was born in Beijing, People's Republic of China and relocated to Yokohama, Japan shortly after the end of World War II. Negotiating a balance between public and private dimensions from childhood, he lived in a home that was modeled after a traditional Japanese machiya, with his mother's pharmacy in the front and their living area in the rear.

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https://www.icgranarolo.edu.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Scala-di-riduzione-di-ingrandimento.pdf

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https://www.icgranarolo.edu.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Scala-di-riduzione-di-ingrandimento.pdf

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Per costruire una struttura servono materiali molto resistenti e in grado di sopportare forti sollecitazioni; le principali sollecitazioni sono trazione e compressione. Con la trazione i materiali si allungano, con la compressione i materiali si schiacciano.

Molte volte, le forze non agiscono da sole, ma sono composte insieme a formare nuove sollecitazioni complesse come la flessione. In pratica, quando una trave sopporta un forte carico centrale, si piega; in questo modo, la parte superiore subisce una deformazione di compressione (ossia le fibre si accorciano) mentre la parte inferiore subisce una deformazione di trazione (le fibre si allungano). Lungo l'asse medio, la trave non subisce alcuna deformazione, ossia le fibre non si allungano e non si accorciano.

Il trilite è una struttura architettonica semplice, il cui nome deriva dal greco (tri=tre + lithos=pietra) piuttosto comune nei monumenti megalitici. E' una struttura formata da due elementi disposti in verticale ( piedritti) e un terzo appoggiato orizzontalmente sopra di essi ( architrave).

Il vantaggio è quello che in questo tipo di strutture le forze spingenti sono solo verso il basso e quindi non agiscono spinte laterali; gli svantaggi sono legati alla limitatezza della distanza tra i piedritti definita " luce ".

Nell'antica Grecia il sistema trilitico era alla base degli ordini architettonici classici, dove i sostegni verticali sono rappresentati dalle colonne, mentre e quello orizzontale dall'architrave.

L' arco è una struttura architettonica basata sulla forma curva che appoggiata su due piedritti. La parte curva si compone di una serie di elementi a forma trapezioidale chiamati conci o cunei, cioè pietre tagliate o laterizi disposti in maniera radiale verso un ipotetico centro. Nell'arco, ogni elemento sta al suo posto a causa del proprio peso senza aver bisogno di alcun legante; il peso della struttura è in compressione e può sopportare grandi carichi in totale sicurezza.

Il cuneo fondamentale che chiude l'arco e mette in atto le spinte di contrasto è quello centrale, chiamato chiave di volta.

L'arco inteso come struttura bidimensionale è spesso utilizzato in sequenza (acquedotti) o per realizzare aperture. La sua costruzione avviene per mezzo di una impalcatura lignea, che prende il nome di centina.

Tridimensionalmente, l'arco può essere traslato lungo una direzione diventando una volta o fatto ruotare sul proprio asse diventando una cupola.

La capriata è una struttura architettonica basata sulla forma triangolare, tradizionalmente realizzata in legno, appoggiata su due piedritti ed utilizzata come base per le copertura a falde inclinate. La capriata ha il vantaggio di annullare le spinte orizzontali grazie alla sua forma triangolare nella quale l'elemento orizzontale, la catena, annulla le spinte di quelli inclinati, i puntoni. La capriata è formata dai seguenti elementi:

puntoni - gli elementi inclinati del triangolo strutturale;

catena - rappresenta l'elemento tirante orizzontale del triangolo strutturale; la sua funzione è quella di annullare, tirando verso l'interno i punti di appoggio dei puntoni, le forze divaricanti che agiscono su tali punti; è l'elemento più lungo della struttura, rappresentando l'ipotenusa del triangolo strutturale. Normalmente è formata da un'unica trave che presenta, però, l'inconveniente di inflettersi al centro per effetto del suo stesso peso. Per ovviare a questo limite, la capriata all'italiana è stata dotata di un altro elemento posto in verticale che spezza in due la catena;

monaco - questo elemento ha appunto la funzione di annullare l'imbarcamento che subisce con il tempo la catena e di irrigidire la struttura;

saette o saettoni - anche i puntoni, con l'aumentare della distanza sono soggetti ad imbarcamento, quindi per evitare di aumentare la loro sezione, vengono inseriti questi due elementi che hanno inclinazione opposta a quella dei puntoni. In questo modo i saettoni, scaricano il peso sul monaco impedendo di fatto la flessione dei puntoni.

Un telaio o gabbia è una struttura costituita da una intelaiatura di elementi verticali, i pilastri e orizzontali, le travi e i solai. Questi, nei moderni edifici hanno il compito di sostenere il peso dell'edificio e scaricarlo sul terreno.

Queste strutture, sfruttano moderni sistemi costruttivi, in cui gli elementi sono legati strettamente tra di loro collaborando nella ripartizione dei carichi e delle spinte. I materiali con cui sono realizzati sono il cemento armato e l'acciaio.

Il cemento armato è un materiale usato per la costruzione di opere civili, costituito da calcestruzzo (una miscela di cemento, acqua, sabbia e ghiaia) e barre di ferro (armatura) annegate al suo interno ed opportunamente sagomate e legate fra di loro.

La realizzazione in cantiere di un pilastro armato è relativamente semplice. Il carpentiere dispone l'armatura in funzione della resistenza richiesta; vengono poi inserite le staffe che legano tali ferri longitudinali. A questo punto viene montata la cassaforma, una struttura scatolare in legno, attorno ai ferri.

Con la betoniera, viene colato il cemento dal basso verso l'alto (per evitare lo smescolamento dei componenti) e dopo un periodo variabile dai 21 ai 30 giorni, viene rimossa la cassaforma rivelando il pilastro (o la trave) oramai completamente asciutti e resistenti.

1. LA STATICA DELLE STRUTTURE - VINCOLI e GRADI DI LIBERTA'

2. SCOMPOSIZIONE TECNICA di un EDIFICIO

3. LE FONDAZIONI

4. MURI E PARETI

5. IMPIANTO ELETTRICO

6. IMPIANTO TERMICO

7. IMPIANTO IDRICO-SANITARIO

8. IMPIANTO DI SCARICO E FOGNARIO

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LE STRUTTURE ELEMENTARI (trilite, arco, capriata, telaio)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Per costruire una struttura servono materiali molto resistenti e in grado di sopportare forti sollecitazioni; le principali sollecitazioni sono trazione e compressione. Con la trazione i materiali si allungano, con la compressione i materiali si schiacciano. Molte volte, le forze non agiscono da sole, ma sono composte insieme a formare nuove sollecitazioni complesse come la flessione.