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An American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, and naturalist, who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909.

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The most famous of the American muckraker journalists of the period 1903-1910. His exposes of corruption in government and business helped build support for reform.

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A Danish-American social reformer, "muckraking" journalist and social documentary photographer.

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An American novelist, essayist, playwright, and short-story writer, whose works reflect socialistic views. He gained public notoriety in 1906 with his novel The Jungle, which exposed the deplorable conditions of the U.S. meat-packing industry.

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An American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th century New York City and State.

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an English-born, American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history. Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL), and served as the organization's president.

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An American captain of industry and a business magnate, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.

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Serbian-American engineer and physicist who made dozens of breakthroughs in the production, transmission and application of electric power. He invented the first alternating current (AC) motor and developed AC generation and transmission technology.

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an American inventor and businessman, who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.

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An American business magnate and philanthropist who built his wealth of over 100 million in railroads and shipping.

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An American financier and banker who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation in the United States of America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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A Gilded Age industrialist, the owner of the Carnegie Steel Company, and a major philanthropist.

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An American businessman of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; a founder of the Standard Oil Company.

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19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted American women the right to vote—a right known as woman suffrage

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It is an Amendment that established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal.

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The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.

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that allows the federal (United States) government to levy (collect) an income tax from all Americans. Income tax allows for the federal government to keep an army, build roads and bridges, enforce laws and carry out other important duties.

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It was a federal law designed to limit monopolistic and other anti competitive practices by large American corporations such as Standard Oil Company.

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The Children's Bureau is the first federal agency within the U.S. Government—and in fact, the world—to focus exclusively on improving the lives of children and families.

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a former independent federal agency that supervised and set rates for carriers that transported goods and people between states

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It is an American law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbranded meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.

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This was the belief that people in government can bring about answers to social problems and inequalities.

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They were crusading journalists, photographers and authors who published their work in order to raise awareness of awareness of social issues and injustices.

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A religious movement that arose in the United States in the late nineteenth century with the goal of making the Christian churches more responsive to social problems, such as poverty and prostitution.

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It is an article written by Andrew Carnegie in June of 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich.

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US political party that sought to represent the interests of farmers and laborers in the 1890s, advocating increased currency issue, free coinage of gold and silver, public ownership of railroads, and a graduated federal income tax

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It is the process of an immigrant to the United States of America becoming a person who shares American values, beliefs and customs and is fully assimilated into American society.

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A term coined in the late 19th century to describe the idea that humans, like animals and plants, compete in a struggle for existence in which natural selection results in "survival of the fittest."

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The time between the Civil War and World War I during which the U.S. population and economy grew quickly, there was a lot of political corruption and corporate financial misdealings and many wealthy people lived very fancy lives.

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a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants.

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It is a geographic area with high ethnic concentration, characteristic cultural identity, and economic activity.

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A run-down and often overcrowded apartment house, especially in a poor section of a large city.

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Island in the harbor of New York City, southwest of Manhattan. It served as the prime immigration station of the country. Some twelve million immigrants passed through it during this time.

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a political group in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts

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The merger of companies at the same stage of production in the same or different industries. When the products of both companies are similar, it is a merger of competitors. When all producers of a good or service in a market merge, it is the creation of a monopoly.

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the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.

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a person who has become rich through ruthless and unscrupulous business practices (originally with reference to prominent US businessmen in the late 19th century).

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A trust or corporate trust is an American English term for a large business with significant market power. It is often used in a historical sense to refer to monopolies or near-monopolies in the United States during the Second Industrial Revolution in the 19th century and early 20th century.

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the theory or system of government that upholds the autonomous character of the economic order, believing that government should intervene as little as possible in the direction of economic affairs.