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Tameia Johnson

The purpose of selective breeding is to have two breeders who have beneficial traits to reproduce offsprings. In the diagram, “ Unfit Human Traits and Triangle Life” it talks about how we get half of our traits from our mother and the other half from our father. There are bad traits that we could be controlled by Eugenic or Selective Breeding. There was three important facts stated in the diagram. One, Selected parents will have better children, which is a great aim of Eugenics. The second important fact is, You can improve your education and even change your environment, which the things that makes us is our environment, education and our heritage. The last but final fact that was stated is, We could breed out most of this unfitness in three generations. Did you know that many other human traits run in families and are inherited in exactly the same way as colored guinea pigs. The authors purpose of creating this diagram was to inform the readers about selective breeding and human traits. The author gave this description to state how human traits deals with selective breeding.

The Unfit traits and Human Triangle

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In “Patients who were in wheelchairs are walking now” by Dave Andrusko, Stem cells are now being used to reactivate certain parts of the brain with people who have had strokes. The implementation of Stem Cells within the brain shows that Strokes don’t “kill” a part of the brain, but deactivate it instead. This is now causing scientists to do more research as previous studies show that stem cells do kill parts of the brain. According to a few people stem cell therapy has been “life changing” and has allowed them to go back to living a normal life. Some people have went from barely moving their hands to being able to get up and walk.

This research may also be implemented in therapy for Alzheimer's disease.

Andrusko, Dave. "'Patients who were in wheelchairs are walking now' following surgery using adult stem cells." National Right to Life News, June 2016, p. 14. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A459171535/OVIC?u=tel_s_tsla&xid=58a425fd. Accessed 13 Nov. 2017.

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Researchers and Clinicians are Coaxing stem cells into specific brain cell types in effort to develop a treatments for ALS, Parkinson's Disease,Spinal and joint Injuries, and brain cells from a Stroke.
Using Stem Cells to try and treat Parkinson's Disease. In all of the approaches and trying to connect to and communicate with injured brain cells and the nervous system.
The Complexity of the human brain cells and the struggle to understand  how the brain naturally protects itself from damage after a stroke.  In the lab the researchers we're trying to figure out what are the cues and instructions you have to give the cells a nudge so they become the kind of cells or tissues you want in the end.
Repairing systems to treat spinal and Joint injuries by getting stem cells to grow into bone and cartilage. Researchers are growing stem cells from a goat into tissue that resembles cartilage.

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In the book “An Introduction to Genetic Analysis. 7th edition” one of the chapters talks about recombinant DNA. Recombinant DNA is a certain type of DNA that is duplicated and can be turned to insulin, used to disrupt and replace genes, and engineer crops. Recombinant DNA can be used in a multitude of ways from the production insulin to allowing genes to be replaced and disrupted to the specifications of the people that need it. People can adjust and insert genes to be better suited to the environment they are in or will be implemented into. This allows people to insert non-native crops that are normally not able to live there to live and produce more food in certain environments that need more food of vegetation.

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In the article ,”Send in the clones.” by Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Opposing Viewpoints informs the reader of how sheeps and star horses can be cloned by just one click of a button.In the article the author states,” They are turning out to be in hot demand. In 2010, a clone of one of Cambiaso best horses, Cuartetera, sold for $800,000.” But the author also states,” Cloning is banned in the racing world-there's too much cash at stake, and too many opportunities for scams.’’ These two pieces of evidence shows how one of the best horses can be cloned ,but the horse might not be the same star as it once was. And cloning is banned in France, Germany and Switzerland,but these states allow cloning for research England, Singapore, Sweden, China, and Israel.

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¨First gene-edited cloned dog may open gates to more cloning and help fight human diseases¨, by caroline roy, She talks about a puppy she has cloned. This puppy acts as a normal puppy plays, sleeps , and eats as normal. The puppy is genetically identical to a different dog which is 2 years of age, this same dog was born in a laboratory and used to research human diseases.

Many pet owners are willing to take part in this the dogs that have passed away they can use their genes to bring the families of the deceased dogs.  Shi Zhensheng, a researcher and professor at China Agriculture University, says that The gene-edited dogs have great advantages in helping scientists to research human medicine and genetic diseases.  Cloning can happen in both humans and mammals, it occurs naturally. Although you would think that cloning always looks identical because they share the same genes, but sometimes  they don't look identical. Cloning consist of inserting a gene from one organism to another. In 1996 scientist successfully was able to start cloning. Cloning costs up to $100,000, The cloning of Longlong cost the company 10 million and as the population of customers increase the amount it cost decreases (to clone).

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In the article the effect of selective breeding on rabbits it tells you about how TG levels of the colony before selective breeding was 579-163 mg/dl and 471/144 after it was tested with selective breeding and the results were 657-151. the results are increasing because of coranary atherosclerosis/ selective breeding. The earliest development of coranary atherosclerosis after selective breeding was found in 4 month old rabbits. They usually have this because of their abnormal dna structure. If the parents have coronary atherosclerosis then the offspring will have a 83.3%

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From the article "Genetically modified plants and human health"

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Can stem cells improve people in today's times? John Hopkins wrote an article over stem cell research.https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/stem_cell_research/. In the article i learn that scientes been looking at stem cells and seeing if they can modify the stem cells to improve people's health. The article said that they have been researching and developing a stem cell that they will be able to use after a hartack that will go in the body or heart and replace the torn tissue and repair the heart from where it was damage. You may be wondering how they get the stem cell into your body. First they modify a human stem cell then put it into the tissue so that it can get to work and repair the organism. Mr. Hopkins said that “there is no limit to the the disease they could treat with this new stem cell research.” This is a good thing because now with the stem cells they will be able to treat a lot of diseases in a simpler process.

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Selective breeding farm animals produce more than they are supposed to. “Activists claim gene editing could exploit animals, leads to unconscionable suffering” by Peter Stevenson. Some dairy cow produce 10,00 or less liters of milk a year. “Ten times more than what they are supposed to produce.” Modern hens lay over 300 eggs a year which robs them of their calcium making their bones weak and fragile. But, their are some drawbacks to this kind of stuff like cows can only produce 3-4 times or they get slaughtered. Another example hens that keep making eggs eventually they will end up suffering of diseases. Also, “today’s meat chickens have been selected for such fast growth that their legs, hearts and lungs cannot properly support their rapidly growing bodies.”

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Stem cells can help with therapy. According to the article cell therapy by John Hopkins medicine cells can be helpful with treating more diseases than ever before ( paragraph 1 ). Also stem cells can help with therapy because some people needs a bone marrow transplant and they can do that. Another reason that they are helpful  with therapy is ips cells and can help to regain the ability to differentiate into various cell types. This shows how that stem cells can help with therapy.

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In the article "Genetically modified plants and human health" they inform the reader about the uses and safety of GM plants. 840 million people are malnourished and live on less than 2000 calories a day. The article states,"GM technology offers a way to alleviate some of these problems by engineering plants to express additional products that can combat malnutrition." This can be a solution to malnutrition if executed properly. From the text,"Crop yields are significantly reduced by the action of pathogens,parasites,and herbivorous insects." A solution to this can be seen from the text,"

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In the article “Cell Therapy “ The article states ,”In A New Path  For Cardiac  Stems Cells  tell how a patient’s own  heart cells were used  to repair his heart after  a heart attack.”  This shows how  stem cells are working how you can go from terribly bad to amazingly good. The article “A New Path For Cardiac Stem Cells” state's , “ Previous trials with other stem cells have shown conflicting results. But this new trial, conducted jointly with cardiologist Eduardo Marbán at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is the first time stem cells come from the patient’s own heart.’’ A man named Bill Beatty was already several hours into a heart attack  when he arrived. He was treated and  transferred to “ John Hopkins  hospital ‘’ This shows how more and more doctors are going into research for these things. They tested it on animals and found that it was decreasing infarct size  about 25%.  They tested these to see what it would do if they used it on the humans.  This is good because if they did a random test  on a human something could go wrong and mess a human’s life up. Stem cells are helping lifes to get back on track after a major incident.  When they run test it helps proves a theory of what can help and what can be bad.

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In the article “ GMO FAQ”  by Square Squared it states that “More than 50% of genetically engineered crops are soybeans, corn id 30%, cotton is 13%, and canola is 5%”. Genetically modified crops are grown in 28 nations around the world while nearly three dozen nations prohibit or ban their cultivation. Us as people do not need pesticide residents to control  weeds. GMO bans received considerable attention in 2015 when a majority of the European Union nations decided to block the cultivation of new GMOs within their borders and Russia issued a ban on both cultivation and imports. Most nations that prohibit GMO cultivation still allow GMO products to be imported. It also states “Critics of crops  often point to the growth of superweeds in corn and soybean fields over the past 20 years as illustrative of the ecological problems posed by crops genetically modified to be resistant to herbicides like glyphosate (tradename Roundup)”.

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In the article ],”Growing human embryos outside the womb, it talks about natural human reproduction has been replaced by laboratory-based methods. Children are conceived and grown in laboratory hatcheries. Researchers have succeeded in growing human embryos in laboratories for 14 days. Countries have created a 14-day limit on growing embryos. The 14-day limit on laboratory experiments with human embryos has been adopted into law at least in 12 nations.

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For many years scientist have tried cloning different types of animals including sheeps, cows, pigs, mice, horses, etc. So far, cloned animals haven’t fared well, few cloning attempts are successful, but the animals that have survived the cloning attempts tend to die young. The goal of cloning is to take control of the reproductive process. When parents have their offspring they have no control over the genes their offspring gets, it’s random. But for cloning “You are taking out all of the randomness by selecting a specific combination of genes to get what you want. Even if the clones make it to birth, cloned animals often seemed doomed from the start. Cloned baby animals often resemble animals born prematurely, their lungs aren’t fully developed or their hearts don’t often work right. Many cloned animals die at an earlier age than normal. Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, died after only 6 years from a lung disease rare for sheep of her age. Most sheep live twice that long. Scientist haven’t yet mastered cloning.

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In the article “GMO hornless cow awaits approval amid FDA policy changes,” by Adam Piore it talks about how Fahrenkurg’s company is trying to get the FDA to allow their modified cow to be regulated.  One reason Fahrenkrug felt like his cow should be regulated is because they knew exactly where to put the gene and that they always put it in the correct spot. A second reason was that there were no off-target effects. A final reason is that the cows DNA is so much like the unmodified cows that they shouldn’t notice. When the FDA checked out the cow they said no, but the company is still trying to get the cow regulated.

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GM crops and foods are important to help us have a growing population. There are many benefits to using GMOs. In the article “GMOs and Global food security” by David Zilberman it states “Because GMO increases the productivity of land, it reduces the amount of land we need to farm and the use of chemicals, water, energy, and greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture needed to produce a certain volume of food.” GMOs are important to human well being because they lower some food items such as soybeans. Also in the article it says “Most of the cotton production in India and China relies on GMOs, and GM cotton is intensively used in other developing countries.” GM crops help humans have a growing population.