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What on Earth is Drawn animation?
Unsurprisingly, it is animation that is typically hand-drawn. Each individual frame on a celluloid, or Cel for short. Until computer animation, this was the most common form of animation.

History lesson, oh joy
Drawn animation was one of the first animation techniques to be created, and as a result has a long history. One of the earliest known films made using the traditional drawn-technique was  Fantasmagorie by  Émile Cohl in 1908 and in 1918, Earl Hurd patented cel animation, a method of animation that would be the most commonly used for the next decade.

Examples

Fantasmagorie - 1908

The Sinking of the Lusitania - 1918

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs - 1937

Pros
Drawn animation is simple and cheap, while also allowing animation to inject more detail and unique style into their animation.
Cons
By its very nature, the act of drawing each of the many frames found in an animation individually is an extremely time-consuming process, which is only extended with the addition of the time is takes to ensure that all is as it should be.

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A horse animated by rotoscoping from Eadweard Muybridge's 19th-century photos. The animation consists of 8 drawings which are "looped", i.e. repeated over and over. This example is also "shot on twos", i.e. shown at 12 drawings per second

Creating animation loops or animation cycles is a labor-saving technique for animating repetitive motions, such as a character walking or a breeze blowing through the trees. In the case of walking, the character is animated taking a step with his right foot, then a step with his left foot. The loop is created so that, when the sequence repeats, the motion is seamless.
However, since an animation loop essentially uses the same bit of animation over and over again, it is easily detected and can, in fact, become distracting to an audience. In general, they are used only sparingly by productions with moderate or high budgets.

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What is "Claymation"?
Claymation or clay animation, is a form of stop motion animation. Each animated piece, either character or background, is "deformable"—made of a malleable substance, usually plasticine clay.

History
The first Clay-animated films were produced in the United States in 1908, when Edison Manufacturing released a trick film entitled The Sculptor'sWelsh Rarebit Dream. In 1916, clay animation became popularized. By the 1920s, cartoon animation was the dominant form of animation production. Increasingly, 3D forms like claymation were less and less common as the cel method became the preferred method for the studio cartoons.

Films That used "Claymation"

The Nightmare Before Christmas

Wallace & Gromit

Chicken Run

Alice

Advantages

They can be made to scale, for example a small clay model can be used where filming space is limited.

Clay models are relatively easy to make and most importantly easy to move into position.

They can be made to represent any object or person.

Instead of using clay you could use a Figurine examples being a wooden artists mannequin or say an old action man.

Disadvantages

They will look like clay models.

Fine movement is not easy unless the model is made with ball joints.

They take a relatively long time to make and require maintenance as the heat/lighting dries them out.

What is Clay Painting Animation
Clay painting animation is a form of clay animation. It blurs the distinction between clay animation, celanimation and cutout animation. It is when clay is placed and flattened on a flat supporting surface and moved like "wet" oil paints as on a traditional artistic canvas to produce any style of images, but with a clay 'look' to them, filmed frame-by-frame by an animation camera after each small adjustment of the clay images.

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What is it?
Limited animation is a process in the overall technique of traditional animation of creating animated cartoons that does not redraw entire frames but variably reuses common parts between frames.
This is a part of Cel-Animation. A cel, short for celluloid, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, hand-drawn animation.

Brief History
The use of Limited Animation dates back to the earliest commercial animation, including cycled animations, mirror-image and symmetrical drawings, still characters, and other labor-saving methods were employed. In general, the progression was from early productions in which every frame was drawn by hand, independent of each other drawing, toward more limited animation that made use of the same drawings in different ways.

Examples
Much of Japanese animation (anime) makes use of techniques adapted from limited animation. Osamu Tezuka started to use this technique in Astro Boy in order to save money and time.
However, the technique is now combined with manga styles and aesthetics, and is a very distinct style.
Limited animation in anime is frequently used in action scenes such as mecha battles or transformation scenes.
Limited animation is seen most frequently in television serials, but the aesthetic is so grounded in the medium that even bigger-budget feature films make use of it.
Most Japanese animation is significantly less expensive than its American counterparts as a result, with Hayao Miyazaki's Ponyo (the most expensive Japanese animated feature film yet produced) costing only $34,000,000.

Advantages

Time-Saving

Reduces amount of drawings

Reduces the amount of inbetweens

Disadvantages

Can cause stuttering if inbetweens are poor

Can look unnatural

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What is Cut out animation?
Cutout animation is a form of stop-motion animation using flat characters, props and backgrounds cut from materials such as paper, card, stiff fabric or even photographs.

The history of the cut out
technique:
The first use was used in the film El Apostol which was the first animated film made in 1918.

Examples of movies that use this technique:
South Park
The Adventure of prince achmed

What are the advantages of this technique:
It requires less drawings which helps solo animators
The animations can be designed exactly the way the animator wants them.

What are the disadvantages of this technique:
Its difficult to make the animation look smooth with fluid movement
You cant make perfect lip syncing on characters
It can be tedious to make.

What is stop animation:
Stop motion is an animation technique that physically manipulates an object so that it appears to move on its own.

What is Anime?
a style of Japanese film and television animation, typically aimed at adults as well as children.
Anime is a Japanese term for hand-drawn or computer animation. The word is the abbreviated pronunciation of "animation" in Japanese, where this term references all animation.

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This is traditional animation where an artist will hand draw each frame.  It is a cel animation technique.
In 1906, Blackton also made the first drawn work of animation on standard film. This animation that was created featured faces that were drawn on a chalkboard.  It features faces that are drawn on a chalkboard and then suddenly move autonomously. Fantasmagorie, by the French director Émile Cohl (also called Émile Courtet), is also noteworthy.

Films that use the hand drawn technique:
Pinocchio (1940)
Spirited Away (2001)

Advantages of this technique:

It is cheap to create as you are for the majority of the time just drawing down each frame.

The animation has better detail with in the film and has a lot more style.

Disadvantages:
It takes a very long time to make as you need to create each frame, in detail and make sure everything is perfect. (24 frames are used in a second and most of the films that use this technique are under 90 minutes. This means there are usually over 100,000 frames in these films that use this technique
Cel Animation is short for  celluloid animation and is a transparent sheet upon which is drawn on