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A. DNA instructs cells on which types of protein molecules to make.

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A. DNA instructs cells on which types of protein molecules to make.

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Proteins are important for building blocks and controlling metabolism.

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B. DNA is found on chromosomes and contains thousands of genes, which determine how traits are expressed.

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B. DNA is found on chromosomes and contains thousands of genes, which determine how traits are expressed.

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DNA is a "double helix"; it resembles a twisted ladder.

The sides of the ladder are made of alternating sugars and phosphates; the steps are made of nitrogen bases.

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K.  To replicate, DNA "unzips" and free nucleotides in the nucleus come and pair with the "dangling" nucleotides, forming 2 new strands.

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K.  To replicate, DNA "unzips" and free nucleotides in the nucleus come and pair with the "dangling" nucleotides, forming 2 new strands.

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J.  DNA must make copies of itself, or replicate, before a cell reproduces.  This ensures that the new "daughter" cells have the right amount.

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J.  DNA must make copies of itself, or replicate, before a cell reproduces.  This ensures that the new "daughter" cells have the right amount.

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I.  James Watson and Francis Crick were the first to build a model of DNA in the 1950's.

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I.  James Watson and Francis Crick were the first to build a model of DNA in the 1950's.

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H.  Erwin Chargaff discovered which bases pair together - known as Chargaff's Rules.

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H.  Erwin Chargaff discovered which bases pair together - known as Chargaff's Rules.

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D.  The bases GUANINE and CYTOSINE pair together, and ADENINE and THYMINE pair together.

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D.  The bases GUANINE and CYTOSINE pair together, and ADENINE and THYMINE pair together.

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GCAT

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G.  Rosalind Franklin was the first to discover DNA's  spiral shape using x-ray diffraction.

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G.  Rosalind Franklin was the first to discover DNA's  spiral shape using x-ray diffraction.

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E. A nucleotide is a subunit of DNA that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.

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E. A nucleotide is a subunit of DNA that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.

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F.  A gene is a long strand of nucleotides. A gene contains the code for a whole protein molecule.

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F.  A gene is a long strand of nucleotides. A gene contains the code for a whole protein molecule.

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one gene = one protein