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Who?

Emiliano Zapata and Liberation Army of the South

When?

In 1911 when Madero, the President,  appointed a governor who supported plantation owners’ rights over the peasant farmers. From there on, rebellions went on until 1919 when he was killed by his opponents.

Where?

Southwest Puebla is where the plan, Plan de Alaya, Zapata formed against Madero. However, Zapata’s revolution affected most of Mexico such as areas like Chihuahua for arms supply and Cuautla to fight Mexican troops.

What?

Zapata was a revolutionary leader that was representing the peasants for land reforms.

Why?

Zapata was was fighting for the local farmer peasants. This was because there was a growing a tension between the farmers and their landowners. An example of this is when landowners set an entire village on fire due to the peasants’ protests.

How?

He accomplished this by firstly defeating Diaz and the Federal Army by forming an alliance with Madero. However, once Madero became President, the peasants were dismissed as bandits and Zapata was betrayed by his ally. To compensate for this, Zapata formed a plan with Ricardo Flores Magon, an anarchist in which his influence can be noticed in the slogan of the movement “Land and Liberty.”

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Zapata was born on August 8th, 1879 in Anenecuilco, Mexico. He lost both his parents at the age of 17. He was later arrested for in 1897 for protesting. He was a leader of a peasant army of 70,000 soldiers. Had the most radical view of revolution, he wanted a social and political one. He wanted to break up the Hacienda system and give it back to peasants. This is the most progressive/communist view of the revolution. After his jail time, he was thrown into the Mexican army but discharged six months later to train horses for a landowner.

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-The Constitutionalists, Zapatistas, and Villa went to civil war, then met at Aguascalientes

-Zapata proposes the Plan de Ayala, which breaks up the haciendas, and gives back to the peasants. It also establishes Ejidos and expands the reach of them.
-The plan is rejected by the constitutionalists and say they would rather fight. Zapatistas were very against this decision because their plan to give power back to the peasants failed, and instead they wanted to fight again, which the Zapatistas did not want to do.

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-Participatory democracy: This limits public servant’s terms to only two week and for them to refer to the people before making any decisions. This would limit individual power in the government.
-Increase in woman rights: This would help improve women’s rights in political affairs such as voting to make their rights equal to those of men.
-Indigenous control over local resources:  This would help regain some of their own personal power by having control over their own resources to be more self reliant.

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-The Constitution of 1917 incorporated some elements of the Plan de Ayala. For example, it incorporated an agrarian reform program.
-They were satisfied with the other liberal elements such as free trade and allowing political participation. The president would be elected for six years, and citizens were given the right to vote, and to assemble.
-They were also satisfied that the nation was the owner of everything and all land, which incorporates the communist elements that the zapatistas liked. This gave the government the responsibility of distributing the wealth equally.