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A generalist species can live in many different places, eat a variety of foods, tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions, and they also have broad niches.

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A specialist species may only be able to live in only one type of habitat, use one or few types of food, tolerate a narrow range of climatic and other environmental conditions, and they also have narrow niches.

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Pursues a wide variety of prey, particularly deer, but also live stock. Hunts species as small as insects and rodents. 

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Pursues a wide variety of prey, particularly deer, but also live stock. Hunts species as small as insects and rodents. 

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Most wide spread of any large wild terrestrial mammal in Western Hemisphere.

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Most wide spread of any large wild terrestrial mammal in Western Hemisphere.

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Oregon success story- after nearly bring eliminated by mid 1960's, today they have a healthy population
Cougars are classified as game animals

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Only inhabits forests and woodland where Eucalyptus trees are present.

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Only inhabits forests and woodland where Eucalyptus trees are present.

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Koalas are vulnerable to climate change- this is a threat.
Koalas face habitat loss from urbanization.
Koalas also face disease.

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Invasive species are ones that are not native to a specific location and have a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to environment, human economy, or health.

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Can out compete and suppress the growth of native plant species.

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Can out compete and suppress the growth of native plant species.

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Vigorous vine growth covers native trees

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Vigorous vine growth covers native trees

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Weight of vine growth can bring down weak trees. 

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Weight of vine growth can bring down weak trees. 

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Can alter habitats by depleting soil moisture and nutrients.

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Can alter habitats by depleting soil moisture and nutrients.

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In early stages of invasion, hand remove seedlings
Systemic herbicides can be utilized in heavy infestation
When in open habitats, prescribed burning may be effective.

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Species having no living members

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Extinct because combination of uncontrolled commercial hunting and habitat loss as forests were cleared to make room for farms and cities.

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Extinct because combination of uncontrolled commercial hunting and habitat loss as forests were cleared to make room for farms and cities.

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Creating patches of protected habitat.
Controlling commercial hunting of birds.

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Keystone species have a large effect on the types and abundances of other species in an ecosystem.

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Cactus offers perfect nesting opportunity for many birds.  

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Cactus offers perfect nesting opportunity for many birds.  

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Juicy fruits of this plant ripen during summer months and become the only moist food source for animals.

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Juicy fruits of this plant ripen during summer months and become the only moist food source for animals.

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Arizona has strict regulations about the harvesting, collection, or destruction of this species.

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Threatened species are any species which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future.

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Distribution is severely fragmented, overall population likely is declining, and local sub-populations are subject to extreme fluctuations, including rapid extirpation.

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Distribution is severely fragmented, overall population likely is declining, and local sub-populations are subject to extreme fluctuations, including rapid extirpation.

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Threatened status is due primarily to impacts of siltation from coal mining, agriculture, and road construction, and impacts of unregulated acid mine drainage.

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Threatened status is due primarily to impacts of siltation from coal mining, agriculture, and road construction, and impacts of unregulated acid mine drainage.

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Intolerant of surface coal mining; these activities should be discontinued in dace-occupied basins.
Spawning protocols are being established.

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An endangered species is an animal or plant that is seriously at risk of extinction.

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Their population fell drastically following the collapse of the USSR due to uncontrolled hunting and demand for horns in Chinese medicine.

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Their population fell drastically following the collapse of the USSR due to uncontrolled hunting and demand for horns in Chinese medicine.

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Selective hunting of young males and subsequent distortion of the sex ratio has affected reproduction: recent research shows that heavily skewed sex ratios are resulting in reproductive collapse.

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Selective hunting of young males and subsequent distortion of the sex ratio has affected reproduction: recent research shows that heavily skewed sex ratios are resulting in reproductive collapse.

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Extension of protected areas is under discussion by the Russian Federation government.
Total prohibition of saiga meat and horn trade as well as temporary removal of saiga from the hunting animals list have been proposed as key conservation measures.

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An animal or plant species that can be used to infer conditions in a particular habitat.

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The alligator is an indicator of ecosystem responses to Everglades restoration because it is sensitive to hydrology, salinity, and system productivity, all factors that are expected to change as a result of restoration.

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The alligator is an indicator of ecosystem responses to Everglades restoration because it is sensitive to hydrology, salinity, and system productivity, all factors that are expected to change as a result of restoration.

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Alligators are highly responsive to changes in their environment. As Everglades restoration affects water- management practices and hydrologic conditions, monitoring trends in alligator populations can help to assess positive or negative responses of the ecosystem.

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Alligators are highly responsive to changes in their environment. As Everglades restoration affects water- management practices and hydrologic conditions, monitoring trends in alligator populations can help to assess positive or negative responses of the ecosystem.

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Alligators are top predators and “ecological engineers” that affect nearly all aquatic life in the Everglades.

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Alligators are top predators and “ecological engineers” that affect nearly all aquatic life in the Everglades.