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LANGUAGE SKILLS

Language is the divine gift of god. It is language that distinguishes man from animals. Language
is man’s finest asset. Language does mean a collection of words strung together in sentences but each word having a separate identity and meaning. In fact, the words are brought together in special ways to give a highly systematic order from which we get a meaning.

English is also a language used to give expression to thoughts and feelings of a social group. But it is a foreign language for Indians

Language as Skill

Language is essentially a skill. It is not a content-based subject like-Science, Social Studies, Commerce, Mathematics, etc., which aim is to imparting information and fill the human mind
with knowledge. Since language is a skill, it naturally comes under psychomotor domain. A skill may be called the ability to do something well.

When we learn a language, there are four skills that we need for complete communication. When we learn our native language, we usually learn to listen first, then to speak, then to read, and finally to write. These are called the four "language skills":

Skill #1: Listening

Skill #2: Speaking

Skill #3: Reading

Skill #4: Writing

Forms of Language:

A language normally proceeds from the spoken language to the written language. So it has two
forms-

(a) Spoken Language

(b) Written Language

Language is a System of Systems:

A language is a system. Language is a complex whole like the human body. The system of language functions through sounds, words and structure. These are integrated with one another and constitute the complex whole which is language. A language is a system of phonetics, grammar and vocabulary which themselves are systems. The systems are-

(1) Phonology

The sound system of a language is called phonology. Language has a set of sounds peculiar to it. The sound stands for words; the words stand for object, ideas, process, etc. For example, pen, advice, relative, selling and singing etc. Each word has a meaning.

(2) Morphology

Words what they are, their formation and their various changes in their form, is called morphology.

(3) Semantics

Words’ formation, giving the meaning in a systematic way is called semantics.

(4) Syntax

Constructions and arrangements of words into definite meaning i.e. phrases, formulae and sentences are called syntax.

Phonetics & Phonology it's important to know the Vocal Organs places; to be able to pronounce
correctly...

The Vocal organs of speech are:

• Upper Lip

• Teeth

• Alveolar Ridge

• Hard Palate

• Soft Palate

• Uvula

• Pharynx

• Lower Lip

• Tip

• Blade

• Front

• Center

• Back

• Root

(1) The Respiratory System

The respiratory system consists of the following organs-

• Lungs

• Muscles of chest

• Wind pipe (trachea)

(2) The Phonatory System

This system is formed by the larynx. It is generally called ‘voice-box’. It is a box like space at
the top of the wind-pipe, containing the vocal cords which produce the voice.

(3) The Articulatory System

It consists of the following organs-

• Nose

• Mouth: The mouth includes the following organs-

(I) Tongue

(II) Teeth

(III) Roof of the mouth

(IV) Lips