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Online survey or internet survey[1], is one of the most popular data-collection sources, where a set of survey questions is sent out to a target sample and the members of this sample can respond to the questions over the world wide web.

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1. Decide on your research goals

2. Create a list of questions

3. Invite the participants

4. Gather your response

5. Analyze the results

6. Write a reports

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How to use Google Forms - Tutorial for Beginners(2019) by Simpletivity

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How to use Google Forms - Tutorial for Beginners

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Clear the purpose of the online survey

Accurate research design

Precisely structured survey questions

Clearly defined target sample

Collection and Analysis of respondent feedback

Transparent reporting of survey responses

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1. Faster medium to reach the target audience

2. Real-time analysis

3. Cost-efficient

4. Minimum margin-of-error

5. Convenient to understand for respondents

6. Saves researchers’ time

7. Respondents are more truthful

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1. Respondent cooperation Issues

2. Limited access to certain sections of a population

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Online interview[2] is an online research method conducted using computer-mediated communication, such as instant messaging, email, or video.

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1. Selecting participants

2. Preparing the protocol

3. Clear the role of the interviewer

4. Make interview questions

5. Consider time

6. Managing the interview

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How to use Zoom - How to Host/Attend a Meeting [for Beginners] by Santrel Media

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HOW TO USE ZOOM - How to Host/Attend a Meeting [for Beginners]

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How to use Skype for video conferencing, How to use [Skype] (2020) by A Media Life

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How to use Skype for video conferencing, How to use [Skype] (2020)

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Use video chat when possible

Choose your tools wisely

Recording online sessions [3]

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[1]Bhat, A. (2020), Online Surveys: Definition, Characteristics, Examples, Advantages and Disadvantages, QuestionPro, viewed 28/10/2020, <https://www.questionpro.com/blog/what-are-online-surveys/amp/>

[2]'Online interview'(2019), Wikipedia, viewed 28/10/2020, <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_interview>

[3]Quirkos (2020), Conducting qualitative interviews and focus groups online, Quirkos Limited, viewed 28/10/2020, <https://www.quirkos.com/blog/post/online-interviews-focus-groups-qualitative-research>

[4] Xia, B. S., & Gong, P. (2015). Review of business intelligence through data analysis. Benchmarking, 21(2), 300-311. doi:10.1108/BIJ-08-2012-0050

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1. Able to carry out interviews with a very geographically dispersed population

2. Reach a target audience where the audience is unknown (e.g. people who may use a certain type of technology) or would like to remain anonymous

3. Provide savings in costs to the researcher (for example, costs associated with travel and venue hire)

4. Record data quickly and accurately

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1. Hard to establish a good rapport and level of trust between researcher and participant in a computer-mediated research relationship

2. Unable to achieve a long-term commitment to the research subject by participants

3. Difficult to maintain attention, as the researcher may not have control over (or even be aware of) distractions that are interrupting the interviewee’s engagement with the interview

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Online documentary analysis is a  type of qualitative research in which documents are reviewed by the analyst to assess an appraisal theme. Dissecting documents involves coding content into subjects .

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How to do an online documentary analysis

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How to do an online documentary analysis

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1. Decide the research direction

2. Search relevant documents

3. Make a research request to the case owner

4. Analyze the case to get the result

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How to use Google Scholar - The David L. Rice Library Tutorial

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How to Use Google Scholar - The David L. Rice Library Tutorial

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Tips to improve your online documentary analysis

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Tips to improve your online documentary analysis

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The owner's consent is required before reference and analysis can be performed

A case may be specific, not universal

The analysis results should be viewed objectively

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1. Generating new theories

2. Making inferences regarding causal mechanisms

3. Addressing complex casual relations

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1. Case selection biases and conation biases

2. Potential lack of independence of cases

3. Lack of representativeness

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Statistical analysis[4] is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions and supporting decision-making.

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1. Look for relevant data

2. Analyze the data

3. Based on the analysis results, relevant conclusions are drawn

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How to Use Google's Dataset Search Tool by Richard Byrne

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Top 5 Free Dataset Sources by The Career Force

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Tips to improve your statistical analysis

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Tips to improve your statistical analysis

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The data must be universal and reflect the characteristics of the object of study

Some real-time research data must be timely

Some extremum data in the data set should be discarded so as not to affect the conclusion

The results of data analysis should not be given too much weight to neglect of other possible data

Choose the right analysis tool

The amount of data is not the more the better, but the more refined the better

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1. Can improve people's ability to understand data

2. Might extract concise and clear analysis results from complex data

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There are chances of...

1. Sampling error

2. Correlation versus causation

3. Construct validity

4. Simplified solution

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Postal survey refers to a survey method in which questionnaires and relevant information are sent to the respondents, who fill in the questionnaires and return them as required.

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1. Determine the questionnaire questions based on your research questions

2. Send questionnaires to the people who need to be investigated

3. Collect the questionnaire and record the answers for analysis

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Getting more people to take your surveys: 8 ways to optimize response rates by Research Rockstar Training & Staffing

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Getting more people to take your surveys: 8 ways to optimize response rates

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The questionnaire questions should be easy to understand and answer

Make sure participants can answer the questions and mail back the questionnaire

Ensure that participants' personal information is not compromised

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1. High possibility for the participants to put more effort and thoughts in their answers.

2. Able to specifically target different segments of the population (e.g. people with digital reluctance)

3. Provide convenience for respondents

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1. Coverage errors and response rates

2. Less opportunity for follow-ups

3. Researchers having no control of the completion of the survey

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All images from copyright free website, Pixabay <https://pixabay.com/>