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I learned that Indigenous knowledge can also be generally identified as Science. I never thought about it at first, maybe due to me growing up thinking that science is laboratory. But hearing the speaker, Albert Wiggan explain how indigenous knowledges also came from a series of observation, experimentation, and analysis, I agree that these multiple knowledges should be considered science.

Identifying indigenous knowledge as science is important because it allows researches to be much more well documented, and allows the field to grow faster and more efficiently. Personally, I think classifying indigenous science as "knowledge" constricts its ability to be challenged. When we don't challenge something, it becomes stagnant, and in the more years to come, it becomes obsolete. Innovation will only prevail when it's allowed to be studied further, moreover, when we are open to learn it.

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The cultural practices of Sama Badjao used the Talampad and Balatik to navigate the waters they sail. To us, constellations were simply aligned stars that we generate an image on in order to identify. However, to them, the appreciation comes from a more survival driven reason. They need to trust their eyes to see when the waters are calm and low. Then when they sail, they can only trust the stars to guide them home, as the wind is unreliable and not always right.

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Having science and culture side by side will universalize knowledges until everyone can access. We can explore beyond the reaches of what we already know by pursuing science, while also having a strong foundation by being knowledgeable of our culture. It makes the development limitless but grounded.

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The video was honestly an eye-opener because it allows one to see how in reality, indigenous people are marginalized and isolated from us. Through the video, we were made to see the divide among us and how putting our knowledge together, both mainstream and indigenous, can help stabilize our planet and existence. Aside from this, integrating indigenous knowledge into our mainstream awareness and practices highlight the value of our indigenous communities and diminish the cultural divide between us, which should not even be existing in the first place. It is also important to accentuate Albert Wiggan's statement that at one point, we were all indigenous people. And indigenous science is a foundation of knowledge that developed the same way the science we have today did. To extend that, I believe it was also a stepping stone for the science and knowledge that we have in the present to exist. These, I believe, are reasons why it is only right that we recognize indigenous knowledge as science.

In a more localized context, the video brought back memories of memes and video clips I saw on different social media platforms making fun of our albularyo, manghihilot, and their ways of healing. A question then pops out: why are we not trying to understand these ways and where they are coming from? I believe understanding these ways and where they are coming from are significant lenses for investigation and analysis to know our IPs, their traditions, and practices better. At the same time, these will help us value them more, protect them, and bridge the gap between our forms of knowledge, identities, and communities. Therefore, these manifestations of indigenous science in the Philippine context should not be made a laughing stock. They require a more in-depth understanding and analysis.

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After watching the video, I learned that there’s a concept of separatism between indigenous knowledge and non-indigenous knowledge that is still tactful up to this day. Since various social and environmental problems not only affect one side of the planet but the whole such as climate change, recognizing indigenous knowledge as a science can be helpful and a great opportunity to create long-term solutions in stabilizing our planet. Since we share one goal, indigenous and non-indigenous science should not be enemies but rather complementary to provide great force, contributions, and changes to our planet.

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They employ "Talampad," which is the constellation, and "Balatik," which resembles a "hunting trap," as their daily guides in accordance with their knowledge system as indigenous people. They interpret the number of stars as representing the number of fish in the ocean. Additionally, they use the formation of stars as a compass. They also apply it to agricultural practices. They embody their relationship with nature in their cultural practices.

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Science and culture are linked together and both are vital to the development and sustainability of the present and future well-being of society. Through them, we can have vast knowledge that can be used in our daily life. With the proper application of the two, science can establish solutions for our society while preserving traditional and cultural knowledge and practices.

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Albert Wiggan, the speaker, has mentioned that a human has a unique symbiotic relationship with nature. The survival, choices, and lifestyle of early humans depended on it—the weather, seasons, and tides—which eventually allowed them to establish and develop sustainable practices, systems, and values. Without the basic principles provided by indigenous knowledge, no system will be functional. Without it, the current customs and procedures we utilize to manage and operate mainstream industries will not even be existing. Indigenous knowledge, which has existed for thousands of years and is embedded in indigenous people’s culture, has helped and will help us adapt to changes and create long-term solutions for the benefit of humanity. Upon finishing the video, I realized that indigenous knowledge is, indeed, indigenous science. It should be appreciated by scientists, as well as non-scientists, and integrated into science to effectively progress the society towards the future. We need to recognize indigenous knowledge as science since the knowledge acquired from it is discovered and developed through the same processes and principles—observation, experimentation, and analysis—that science employs. Indigenous knowledge and science should not be separated from each other for they should come together in addressing the needs of society in order for its existence, as well as the planet’s, to be stabilized and resilient to changes brought about by unsustainable and greedy practices.

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Talampad and Balatik, which translate to constellations and Orion’s Belt in English, respectively, serve as farming, fishing, and sailing guides to the Sama Badjao. The appearance of Balatik at dawn and the fullness of stars inside of the Bubu indicate that the fishes will shift and swarm to an area where the waters are shallow, thus, allowing an abundance of caught fishes in their nets. The absence of stars means that the fishes that they can catch are only few and limited. Also, the Balatik guides the fishermen in sailing, especially when devices, such as a compass, are not available. With this as their navigator, they are aware of whether they are still in the correct direction or not, unlike when they rely on the wind, which is constantly changing directions, to bring them home. Paliyama, which means three stars, is also used as guides by farmers. The positions of the Balatik denote various meanings, which signal them when they can start clearing, burning, and planting on their lands. This knowledge regarding astronomy is passed down from generation to generation, and without this indigenous knowledge and understanding of astronomy, their survival and livelihood will be affected.

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A bridge that brings together science and culture should be built to ensure the development and sustainability of our society. The members of the society, who decides how science can prosper, are shaped by their culture. Science should be looked at the perspective and context of a society’s culture to guarantee that it will move forward with principles, knowledge, and long-term solutions that benefit the society without leaving behind the culture of its people.

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Referring to what we know as "Traditional Science" or "Ecological Science", Albert Wiggan call it as "Indigenous Science" because he said that Indigenous knowledge is the common ground of how these principles and practices were developed. Now, I have fully appreciated indigenous knowledge because it is true that it has become the foundation of other sciences. This indigenous knowledge has become the bridge to technological advancements such as tools and other equipments that are helpful to us today, to develop modern medicines and other health practices that we perform, and sustainable management which helps us to preserve and make the best use of our natural resources. Thus, it is indeed important that indigenous knowledge is recognized as science.

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The sky is an important factor in the lifestyle of the Sama Badjao since they use it as their reference for their ways of living. For them, they use astronomy as a guide for farming and fishing which are their main means of livelihood. The Talampad and Balatik provides them direction when they go out to sail and fish. These serve as their guide for when to set sail and fish and when not to because they signal when there would be a lot of fishes that can be caught or not. At the same time, the Paliyama, which is the term for Balatik among the farmers, also serve as their timetable for when it is right for them to clean and clear their lands, and plant and harvest their crops.

These practices that reflect the beliefs and knowledge of the Sama Badjao highlight how much importance and value they give to astronomy. We see the connection between their appreciation and understanding of astronomy, as applied in their cultural practices, and their livelihood. This emphasizes how core ethnoastronomy is in their lives because they constitute and help in their means for survival. Another manifestation of this appreciation and understanding of astronomy is that these belief and knowledge systems, as well as practices, have been passed on from generation to generation among the Sama Badjao.

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The Sama Badjao inform their understanding of astronomy through the clarity of view and position of stars in the sky in a given day. Talampad, which is their word for constellation, and Balatik, their term for Orion’s Belt, serve as guide in fishing and farming. In fishing, viewing Balatik in a given space in the sky is an indication of plenty harvest. They also use it as a basis for navigation which is even more reliable when navigation guides such as compass and wind are broken or unreliable. In farming, the position of the Paliyama, another term for Balatik, is a guide to know which farming activities will be appropriate at any given time – if it is a time for planting, kaingin, or harvesting.

Their appreciation for astronomy is shown as they continue to rely on it as they believe it will ease their lives, which had been evident for them since the time of their ancestors; and their passing of knowledge to the youth so that the knowledge is not lost across generations.

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I learned that indigenous knowledge is an integral part of who we are both as an individual and as a global community. At one point, all our ancestors are indigenous people, and have relied in indigenous knowledge to understand and process how the world works. There is a need to recognize indigenous knowledge as science because the knowledge they gained through years of simple to complex works, observation, and discoveries has led us to where we are now. And this knowledge, although keeping true to its root of keeping more in tune with nature than with technological advancements, is the very basic unit of knowledge that we can always go back to, should our advancements fail us in the future.

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We can ensure that science and culture will work hand-in-hand in the development and sustainability in our society through information dissemination across different platforms. At a time when information is readily accessible through scientific discoveries and innovations, we can cultivate culture and widen its influence by making it a part of normal conversations, while also preserving its integrity. Science and culture are two side of nature which, if balanced, is a good indication of a stable society.

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I believe both science and culture need to be integrated into our belief and knowledge systems and reflected in our practices. Both should be utilized as sources of knowledge, values, and morals so that we are guided by the principles of the two. At the same time, we should employ both in coming up with ways how we can achieve efficient and productive development and sustainability of our society. Instead of pitting them against each other and/or neglecting either of them, we should work on making them complement each other for our own sake. While we make our practices systematic, we should also expand our scientific views through the lens of our diverse cultures. We should also look into cultural practices that are still unreached and not yet understood in modern science so we can gain knowledge from them. To take as an example, how our indigenous people care for and appreciate our environment should be prioritized by scientific innovations. As I have also cited in my answer to the first question, we should try to study and understand the ways of our traditional healers and other cultural customs. Learnings we can pick up from these can help in the development and sustainability of our society.

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As a student of the College of Human Ecology, I have always believed in traditional and ecological knowledge as science. The video further reinforced this knowledge and made me realize that they, the Indigenous People, are marinated with experience and developed systems in their cultural practices to battle with changes that humanity struggles with. We need to recognize indigenous knowledge as science because it is based on observation, experimentation, and analysis. In addition, it contributes to contextualizing and localizing interventions that benefit every Filipino at a grass-root level.

A great example of integrating traditional and western science and applying it to practice is the NSMO Education of the Lumad schools in the Philippines. Nationalist - education that serves the country and believes in localized solutions, without depending on exploitative foreign interventions. Scientific - theories discussed are based on concrete and objective reality. Mass-Oriented - tending to the current conditions of the country with an education that is accessible even to the poorest of the poor. Furthermore, the core and most important part of the Lumad curriculum is sustainable agriculture. Recognizing and further enriching this education structure by providing government funding will give light and hope to the pressing issues of extreme undernutrition, poverty, and inflation in the country.

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To most of us, appreciation of astronomy is prompted by entertainment, fun, and divination of celestial objects as the basis for the prediction of our future. For the Sama Badjaos, the understanding of astronomy is motivated by necessity. Failing to observe the stars in the sky means low fish catch and poor-quality crop harvest. These cultural practices and knowledge of astronomy have been passed on from one generation to another, helping their community to thrive. As nature ensures their safety in the mid-sea and grants their families' daily needs for food, they give back by being stewards of the environment.

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Augmenting science and culture together can create long-term solutions that are inclusive and sustainable. Recollecting how humanity has survived based on instincts, in the absence of political greed, is an opportunity to develop interventions to stabilize our existence on the planet. In addition, studying and appreciating the cultural practices and systems of indigenous people that are based on the sustenance of everyone in their community can help back out a bit from institutionalized practices of capitalistic leverage.

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It is a common assumption that developments in either science or culture can compromise the development of the other, but such line of thinking is overly simplistic. Rather, in a more straightforward sense, they should be perceived as two different systems intended for advancing the interests of human society—science acting as the brain of humanity, and culture as its heart. And like all functional organisms, both organs must work together to ensure that social developments are balanced. Thus, in the face of rapid rationalization and technological progress, we must also begin to empower the very indigenous knowledge that has been marginalized throughout the years. Our ancestors’ conception of knowledge systems like the balatik and talampad should be rewarded with the same respect as that of the discipline of astronomy. At the same time, all Filipinos must also be reached by basic scientific information so that they can be equipped with correct practice, be it for their livelihoods or for their educational needs. The correct balance between information and belief are necessary for a healthy and functional social order.

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Many people consider indigenous practices as traditional knowledge since their cultural norms differ from our current perception and understanding of scientific knowledge (Western Science). Even I, myself, think of this way. However, upon watching the video, I realized that we tend to box the concept of science in the usual laboratory and research setting. It was only when Alber Wiggan mentioned that indigenous knowledge is also a product of prolonged observation and experimentation; thus, he changed the term “traditional ecological knowledge” into indigenous science. Looking back on our history, our ancestors also used this traditional knowledge to pave the way for the development of scientific knowledge. Recognizing indigenous science and combining it with Western science can help in further growth in different industries, especially in ecological conservation.

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As someone who’s always been fascinated by stars, I look at them for relaxation and appreciation. However, this isn’t the same case for Sama Badjao. They perceive the constellations (Talampad) as their guide for livelihood, survival, and direction. Almost all of their life decisions depend on the night skies. Their cultural practices have been passed down from their ancestors to different generations, and according to one native, “subok na ng panahon,”; an inaccurate observation of the constellations can bring changes to their livelihood and safety. It also mentioned that such practice should be preserved and valued as it is anchored to their ancestral roots.

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After watching the video, I realized that understanding our different ecosystems and the transient nature of the world's distinctive geography is crucial for our survival in the long run. Before the rise of various research, technological applications, and scientific views, the world was able to understand reality's inevitability through cultural knowledge. Even though sometimes equipped with a lot of non-scientific explanations and ways, culture was developed for a long period of time and it has even been improved through multiple revisions or changes that have been affecting people.

I myself am also indulged with many kinds of indigenous knowledge considering that I was born in a very diverse place surrounded by Moros, Lumads, and Christians or what we call in South Cotabato the "Tri-People." I can say that we as South Cotabateños have been very welcoming of changes especially if they will result in a significant change. However, indigenous knowledge was able to not just uplift us, but also help us understand the complex processes of things beyond our reach without the help of modern science. With this, I can say that recognizing indigenous knowledge as science is important so that we would be able to flourish and cultivate learnings from a scientific point of view through the lenses of our culture.

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The Sama Badjao use Talampad and Balatik, which are constellations and Orion's Belt in English, respectively, as directions for sailing, fishing, and farming. Since they indicate whether there will be much fish to be caught or not, these serve as a guide for when to set sail and when to stop fishing. Basically, the idea that we can get through their practices is that their livelihood also depends on what the stars tell them. Although subjective, the occurrence of stars is very relevant to their lives since they depend on these things.  Additionally, it was stated that since the tradition is rooted in their ancestry, it should be protected and appreciated. Their appreciation and understanding of astronomy not only affect their perception of what merely these things are, but they serve as something more than what they stand for.

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More than the "respect" that we want to give to our ancestors who managed to establish a strong and deeply-rooted culture, we must also pay attention to how these various cultures affect our society. I believe that science is there to help us zoom further into what we really need to know about certain things. Meanwhile, our culture is the reflection of our identity, the proof that we are also advancing, and the evidence that we have already established certain beliefs which we use in our own society. If we were to look at these said points, they somehow vary at some matter, but one thing is sure — these two can be used as collaborative variables for the advancement of both. Culture can be a way for science to discover things beyond their respective field, and science, on the other hand, can be an avenue for us people in a society to debunk wrongdoings and be critical of our choices. With this, we can conclude that as long as both science and culture live in harmony with all, they can help the development and sustainability of our society.

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After watching the video, I appreciated more indigenous knowledge. I have come to realize that most of the time we rely on science that focused on laboratory stuff. We forget that there is also this indigenous science that was formulated with the same procedures as Western science. It is important to recognize indigenous science because it will be helpful in making solutions to different problems we are facing nowadays and it can also improve different aspects of life.

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The Sama Badjao utilizes astronomy as part of their lifestyle. These practices using astronomy have been of great help for them to guide them fishing and farming. This has been passed from their ancestors to different generation. And still is being valued for their ancestors, daily lives and safety.

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Science and culture, together can make a significant change in our society. With two different concepts and knowledge, there can be stronger stands to different aspects. Also, these two can help preserve and enrich tradition, cultures and practices.

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After watching the video, I've come to realize that the global academic community, especially in most westernized countries, don't give much recognition and appreciation for indigenous knowledge. Despite being formulated and developed through the same methods as western sciences, indigenous knowledge are often alienated or shunned aside and subjected to disregard in any intellectual discourse or scientific pursuit. This is unfortunately the reality in most countries because many people in the academe regard and assume indigenous knowledge as inferior and likely to be erroneous due to its traditional and cultural nature. In short, the disparity and contrast between what are regarded as indigenous knowledge and the more widely-accepted Western sciences creates a knowledge barrier between the indigenous communities and the rest of the world.

In my opinion, we should be more impartial and try to look beyond the technical and conceptual differences between traditional knowledge and
Western science. Because both of these bodies of knowledge may offer viable solutions to address pressing problems in our communities. It is also possible that they may even complement one another and offer more effective solutions to specific problems being dealt in science and society.

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In the video, it was highlighted that the Sama Badjao regard the Balatik, the Talampad and etc. as traditional compasses and navigational indicators that guides them during their endeavors to capture fish from the sea. To them, these astronomical objects have become emblems of hope and safety that were integrated into their methods and way of life as an ethnic group and a fishing community. These show that the Sama Badjao have a deep appreciation and conceptual understanding of the applications of astronomy in navigating the seas and in upholding their cultures and traditions.

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The gist of what I have learned after watching the video that asserted recognizing Indigenous knowledge as science is that it's quite concerning how society, specifically Western science, still belittles the indigenous community by not acknowledging their knowledge as a science when in fact, they undergo the same experimental process in each bit of knowledge that they gain. It is indeed timely for us to be reminded that each one of us came from a certain indigenous group, as we bear the indigenous genetic makeup within us. From the first flame to the markings in the caves, we all know that our ancestors have their own ways to leave behind their legacy in order for the next generations to be aware of their learnings and discoveries that have shaped the science and technology that we enjoy today. It is indeed evident that Indigenous knowledge is science, and that it has been the foundation of what we know about the world today. They may not have identified the scientific terms that we use today, but their knowledge has been a stepping town for us to learn more and discover more about everything.

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What I realized after watching the video on the cultural practices of the Sama Badjao in Tawi-Tawi was that they closely hold on to what their ancestors have taught them, and still apply it to their routines especially in terms of fishing and farming. They are greatly appreciative of the Talampad, specifically the Balatik since it has evidently affected their fishing strategies as to when and where to fish. Their understanding of astronomy can actually be deemed accurate, to what the placement of the Balatik would entail. It was really fascinating to realize that our indigenous people hold on to their traditions as it serves as a foundation to their livelihood. The knowledge that has been passed on from their ancestors is considered to be their heirloom, which is to be passed on as well to the next generations.

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The integration of science and culture is vital in order to aid the development and sustainability of our society since if you actually think about it, we still work on the same principles, which is to give meaning to the world around us. Westernized Science and Traditional Practices may have their fair share of differences, but it all comes down to  giving the people an understanding with the phenomena that is yet to be unfolded. Both have their own ways of contributing to knowing more and discovering more. As society cannot function without the existence of man, humanity, with its cultural grasp and scientific knowledge, is needed in order to further sustain and develop it.

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While watching the video, I learned that the Indigenous Knowledge is equally important as the Western or Eurocentric version of Science. Both of Indigenous Science and Western Science are using somehow similar methods of observation and research. Even before the White people set foot to their colonies, the indigenous people have their own way of knowing things.

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It was fascinating that they associate what they saw in the night sky (constellations, Balatik, Polaris) in their  cultural songs and knowledge that was pass through orally to the generations.
They are using the star as a guide to go back home to their families form the night of fishing for their food.

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Science and Culture are really aspect for the development of ones nation. So it is an important thing to instill and nurture not just in the box of academe but also outside of it--sharing it to communities.
Science and Culture are the aspects that gives us answers to some of the wicked and pressing issues that we are facing. We can ensure that both of the aspect can help through stronger and interdisciplinary approach in teaching it in primary education. It is important that they already have the foundation.

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I am already aware of the misunderstandings and misinterpretations of indigenous science. But after watching the video, I gained a deeper understanding of the importance of looking back to our roots, especially during these trying times. I learned that indigenous knowledge is not that different from Western science. It is a natural and untouched area of science developed through the same principles as mainstream science but without the influence of capitalism, politics, greed, and the like. Unlike western science, it appreciates the fundamental concept that we must depend on one another for survival. We are currently facing the biggest threat to humanity yet: climate change. And no one really has a concrete solution on how to combat it, and I think that the answer lies in the union of both indigenous knowledge and western science. As Mr. Albert Wiggan said, we were all indigenous people thousands of years ago. The concept, values, and morals are still within us, and let us use that as a common ground to remove the wall between western and indigenous science. Combining the survival-driven and environmental-friendly nature of indigenous knowledge and the technological advancements in western science, we can create forces that may just be the solution to stabilizing our planet.

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The Sama Badjao’s understanding of astronomy is from the stories and knowledge passed on to them by their ancestors. The examples given in the video were Balatik and Palayama, both constellations that help the people of Sama Badjao in their livelihoods. Part of their culture is the belief in the give-and-take relationship between humanity and nature. These constellations are perceived as the guide gifted to them in exchange for their care and protection. This notion has been passed on from generation to generation that until now, is still embedded in their tradition. Therefore, no matter the livelihood and location, these cultural practices are still used and appreciated by many indigenous groups all over the country.

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Science is the backbone of society’s development, and culture is what moralizes it. However, humanity's hyper-fixation on using science as a tool for society's evolution might lead to our future's demise. Let us have pollution as an example, caused by emissions from factories, cars, planes, and the like- all needed for the so-called advancements. Yes, these do lead to the betterment of society, but at what cost?

Culture is what grounds science. It adds sustainability to scientific developments. After watching the two videos, I realized that indigenous culture, especially here in the Philippines, values not only the well-being of the environment but also the people. Humanity has come so far, but the more we evolve, the more our culture fades in the shadows of our achievements. I think it’s best to prioritize culture as much as we prioritize science. I believe that we did a great job in terms of utilizing science for evolution, but I think that we should also start tapping into our culture once again to diminish the negative environmental impact it has caused before it gets too late.

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I have always considered indigenous knowledge as faux or pseudoscience, mainly because I grew up believing that it was. However, after watching the video, I realized that indigenous knowledge can be considered science too since it is also a product of observation and different analysis. It did not simply get invented, but rather was the product of a series of experiments to determine if the technique or product worked or not. This is just like how modern science is created.

One example of this is the difference between manufactured medicines and herbal ones. Some people believe that herbal medicine does not work just because it is not what they always use. Meanwhile, some people may invalidate the years of research behind manufactured medicines and think herbal medicine works better. This goes the same way for the varying opinions and solutions about climate change. I learned that all of these things happen because there has been a gap or competition between indigenous and modern science. Hence, it was explained that this stigma should be stopped because indigenous and modern science have one goal only. Rather than picking a side in either science, it is far better to combine the knowledge they both contain.

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I was truly amazed by how the cultural practices of the Sama Badjao use astronomy for a very unique reason. Usually, especially for students or teenagers like me, I am fond of looking at the stars for aesthetic reasons. I just use it to somehow connect with nature whenever I observe it at night or take a picture of it. However, for Sama Badjao, the stars are there for them for reasons other than these. They use it to survive and have a source of income. They use it as a compass and a guide to determine whether or not to fish. Their guide is that more stars in the sky mean more fish are available in the shallow part of the sea. Additionally, it is really incredible that by simply looking at the stars, they can know how to get home. It is such an integral part of their lives that they have a thorough understanding of their various positions at various times of the year. Through this, it can be shown that their cultural practices lie deep within their relationship with nature and are passed from generation to generation because they are simply part of their lives.

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As seen in the videos, science and culture goes hand in hand because both are a product of observation, analysis and various experimentations. Perhaps, they may have different ways and methods on how they conduct and produce such findings, but it is worth noting that both have one goal only. This means that there should not be a gap or competition on the knowledge it produces because it only aims to help the development and sustainability of our society. Rather, it should be balanced and be redirected to the proper situations. For example, if a problem requires a scientific approach, then we can simply go to scientists for help. Otherwise, we can opt to ask cultural tribes for another solution. This demonstrates that both are needed, and so should be preserved and be continuously improved throughout time.

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I learned that indigenous peoples' lifestyle and choices are influenced by nature. Humans and nature are dependent to each other. We can't have one without the other. Indigenous knowledge can also be recognized as science because it has the same principle with western science. These are usually embedded in cultural practices which is past down to their predecessor.

We need to recognize indigenous knowledge because as said by Wiggan, that instinct and common ground of indigenous make-up is in all of us. We can use this to create long term solution. If we want to leave something significant behind, we should learn to appreciate indigenous knowledge and apply this with modern science. Intertwining these two would make a stable and sustainable planet.

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The Sama Badjao is appreciative of astronomy as they used this in their daily labor like fishing, farming, and navigating the sea. They used Balatik or the Orion's belt as a guide when to work. It is like they use the constellations to predict on which days will be the best to plant or fish. The stars also guide them where to go when they are lost as one of the sailor relied on the constellations when his compass broke.

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The integration of science and culture can help us reduce separatism between Indigenous People and the modern society. Using both modern and indigenous knowledge will help us create a long term solution for relevant problems like climate change. We need to understand the value of culture in our society as this will help us to have a sustainable and stable governance. Science and culture shall co-exist with each other. We need to ensure that we are open to these ideas, making a sustainable community.