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Ukrainian modern painting: Fedir Krychevsky

and Vasyl Krychevsky https://kpi.ua/en/krychevsky

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Fedir Krychevsky: Biographical sketch – Ukrainian Art Library

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Fedir Krychevsky is an outstanding representative of Ukrainian artistic culture of the twentieth century. His name may be listed alongside with the prominent masters of European national schools of modern times. Krychevsky is part and parcel of the Ukraine as Kustodiev of Russia or Saryan of Armenia. The national originality of Krychevsky’s creative work marked […]

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Listening+ tasks: Big Yellow Taxi https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/songs/various-artists/big-yellow-taxi.html

Crossword Puzzle: New York https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/the-usa/new-york/new-york-word-search.html

Exam Practice: Ellis Island https://www.esolcourses.com/ielts/ellis-island/ellis-island-academic-ielts-lesson.html

PRESENTATION: New York sights

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English for translators and philologists textbook by Vozna, Unit 3, Ex. 9-14, p. 135-137.

Reading+tasks: The Cherry Blossom Festival https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/the-usa/festivals/cherry-blossom-festival-intermediate-reading.html

LISTENING+tasks: CANADA https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/countries/canada/canada-esl-listening.html

VIDEO: Moving to UK from US 2026: Is America Losing Its People? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yigtBTK1rO0

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VIDEO: The ENTIRE history of London https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tb1n3_zWFKw

READING: English for translators and philologists textbook by Vozna ,

Text 2: London + Vocabulary Notes, P. 191-195.

WRITING: ex. 11-13, p. 196, ex.15, p.197.

Translation ex. 18, p. 198

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The ENTIRE history of London in 6 mins from Romans to London

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READING+WATCHING+TRANSLATING: Environmental Problems & Solutions

https://sciencing.com/types-of-industrial-pollutants-13636617.html

TEST: Environmental problems and possible solutions https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/environmental-problems-and-possible-solutions

READING: Slavske: Experimental Green Building

https://www.ukrainer.net/slavske-green-building/

GRAMMAR: Modal verbs of speculation and deduction https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/speculation-deduction/

VIDEO: How is the Russia-Ukraine war affecting the environment?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEkyHBZ55Cg&ab_channel=AlJazeeraEnglish

PRESENTATION: Ecotourism

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Modal verbs of speculation and deduction

Must

We use must + infinitive for obligation and strong recommendation, but also to say that we are quite sure that something is true.

We use must be + - ing with dynamic verbs to say that we are quite sure that something is happening now.

We use must have + past participle or must have been + -ing to say that we are quite sure that something was true or happened in the past.

Can't

We can use can't + infinitive to say that we are quite sure that something is NOT true.

We use can't be + - ing to say that we are quite sure that something is NOT happening now.

We use can't/couldn't have + past participle or can't have been + -ing to say that we are quite sure that something did NOT happen or was NOT true in the past.

Note that for negative deduction we use can't and NOT

Could/might/may

We can use could/might/may + infinitive to say that it's possible that something is true (but we are not sure).

We use could/might/may be + - ing to say that we are quite it's possible that something is happening now (but we are not sure).

We can use could/might/may have + past participle or might/may have been + -ing to say that it's possible that something was true or happened in the past.

We can use could have + past participle to say that something was possible in the past but did not happen.

Note that we use might not or may not (NOT ) to talk about a negative possibility.

Should/ought to

We use should/ ought to + infinitive to talk about a situation that we expect to happen (present or future).

We use should have/ ought to have + past participle to talk about a situation expected to happen in the past. We can also use this form to express criticism.

Expressions for speculation

Bound/sure

Bound and sure are adjectives that are used to say that we are quite sure that something will be true or happen. We use them in the structure be bound/sure + to-infinitive.

Likely/unlikely

Likely and unlikely are adjectives. If something is likely to happen it means that it will probably happen or that it is expected to happen. If something is unlikely to happen it means that it probably won't happen. We can use these two adjectives in two ways.

It is likely/unlikely that + clause

Subject + be likely/unlikely + to + infinitive

Definitely/probably

Definitely and probably go before the main verb and after the auxiliary verb (if there is one) in (+) sentences.

You' get the job. Nobody's got your qualifications and experience.

And they go before the auxiliary verb in (-) sentences.

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Speculation and deduction - modal verbs and expressions - Test-English

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Expressing speculation and deduction. Advanced English grammar exercises. Modal verbs, adjectives and adverbs used to express speculation and deduction.

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READING: A Travel Guide : reading+taskshttps://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/b1-reading/a-travel-guide

VOCABULARY: Around town
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/vocabulary/intermediate-to-upper-intermediate/around-town

Grammar: modal verbs: deduction https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1-b2/past-modal-verbs/

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Exercises Explanation Downloads

Past modal verbs of deduction

Exercise 1

Choose the correct option for each gap below.

Past modal verbs of deduction - Grammar chart

Modal verbs of deduction and speculation

We can use some modal verbs + infinitive to talk about how certain we are that something is or is not true. We can also use some modal verbs + have + past participle to talk about how certain we are that something was or was not true in the past.

Must have done

We use must have + past participle to say that we are quite sure that something was true or happened in the past.

Can't have done

We use can't/couldn't have + past participle to say that we are quite sure that something did NOT happen or was NOT true in the past.

Note that for negative deduction we use can't (NOT mustn't)

He can't be that famous. (NOT He mustn't be that famous.)

Could/might/may have done

We use might/may have + past participle to say that it's possible that something was true or happened in the past.

It's been three days. They might/may have finished painting the house by now.

If they left at 9, they might/may have already arrived .

Note that we use might not or may not (NOT could not) to talk about a negative possibility.

Should/ought to have done

We use should have/ ought to have + past participle to talk about a situation expected to happen in the past. This form is normally used for criticism.

You should/ought to packed your things. We're going to be late. have already

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Past modal verbs of deduction - Test-English

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Gap-filling exercises, multiple choice exercises and clozes to review how to use the past modal verbs of deduction in English.

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READING: Ukrainian National Identity, Explained https://ukraineworld.org/en/articles/ukraine-explained/ukraine-explained

VIDEO: How Putin underestimated the strength of the Ukrainian national identity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fX0npOKkV2U&ab_channel=WoodrowWilsonCenter

VIDEO: Why the U.S. Misjudged Ukraine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6f7N09kLFD4&ab_channel=HelsinkiCommission

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Reports show strikes on residential areas, hospitals and cities' central squares. We do not know how much longer this reality will last. If you're staying in Kyiv, Kharkiv, Chernihiv or other cities, you cannot be sure that you will be alive in a month. It is important that the world understands one thing: Ukraine is resisting and will continue to do so. It has an incredible spirit of independence. This spirit has been there for centuries but is showing itself now in full strength.

Freedom is the key trait of Ukraine's identity as a political nation.

Ukrainian political culture is based upon anti-tyrannical, democratic and republican values. Most Russians tend to approve of their tsar; Ukrainians identify with opposition to him. Within politics they see a social contract.This harks back to the early modern era, when the Ukrainian warrior class known as Cossacks made agreements with their leaders which ensured recognition of their rights and freedoms. This mode of thinking runs deep and it is impossible to eradicate. The Cossack, a free warrior on the open steppe, is one of the symbols of Ukrainian identity.

Ukraine is also a political nation. It is not centred exclusively on any single ethnic, linguistic or religious identity. It is pluralistic. You can be a Ukrainian speaker, Russian speaker or a speaker of Crimean Tatar and be ready to defend Ukraine. You can be Ukrainian Orthodox, Greek-Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim or Jewish and stand shoulder to shoulder for this country. Ukrainians have a Russian-speaking president who has Jewish origins. When Russia's president Vladimir Putin calls such people "Nazis", he shows his own bigotry. Ukrainians are different from Russians culturally. The Ukrainian language is not the same (it has more words in common with Belarusian and Polish than with Russian), its culture is different, its music is different, its visual codes and national clothes are different. When Mr Putin says that Ukrainians and Russians are the same people he is not just wrong. He is going beyond what Soviet propagandists claimed. They accepted the difference between Ukrainians, Russians and Belarussians.

Mr Putin is more archaic than the Soviet Union.

He is reverting to the 19th-century Russian empire with its idea that there is a common "Russian" nation encompassing "great Russians", "little Russians" (Ukrainians) and "white Russians" (Belarussians). This is an illusion, in which he lives. It is a criminal illusion which pushes him to declare war in Ukraine and send missiles and airstrikes to cities such as Kharkiv, where Russian is spoken more than any other language.

Unlike today's Russians, Ukrainians do not harbour nostalgia.

The past is mostly a painful experience for us, therefore we do not look back to any golden age. You cannot win elections with a slogan such as "Make Ukraine great again". "Again" is a bad word for us: when we use it, it is often to say "never again" about the crimes of the past. We look more to the future than the past. Ukraine's recent history is a story about the values of dignity moving east. Dignity, a Roman word referring to the inalienable qualities of the upper classes, gradually evolved throughout the Western world to encapsulate fundamental rights and freedoms.

Today's Ukraine is a country in which the values of dignity for all are taking root. This provokes horror in today's Russia, which wants to re-establish authoritarian values, and where the only person with dignity is the tsar or dictator.

Our sense of Ukrainian identity has taken on a greater intensity in the past few years. Russian aggression since 2014 helped consolidate it among people who might earlier have felt close to Russian culture or Russia's information space. Mr Putin's invasion will accelerate this process. When Russians shell residential buildings and destroy the central square in Kharkiv in eastern Ukraine, every shot diminishes the number of those who have sympathy with Russia. People who felt they belonged in the Russian cultural space ten years ago, feel a strong Ukrainian identity now. They might speak Russian or go to the Russia-linked Ukrainian Orthodox Church. But they are Ukrainians. Russia has lost the battle for their hearts and minds.

Finally, Ukrainians increasingly want to be with Europe. Some 86% support EU membership and 76% back NATO accession.

Unlike Russians, many of whom consider the West their enemy, Ukrainians mostly feel European and want to be a part of the West. As tanks bear down upon them, they are bringing a new energy to European values and are showing incredible courage in defending them.

This remarkable transformation is not only a transformation of Ukrainian identity. It is the extension of European values to the east.

It is a story of the strength of the European idea - which today's Europe sometimes shies away from. It is a story of European humanism, rooted in Ancient Greek philosophy, through Roman republicanism, to Italian city-republics, the ideas of the Enlightenment and of anti-Nazi resistance. Through their resistance to Mr Putin's empire, Ukrainians are showing that this humanist tradition has the strength, energy and courage to defend itself.

Material was first published on The Economist

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It is horrifying to write about Ukraine now. Kyiv, our capital, faces missiles. News arrives that a close friend has died defending it

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VIDEO: TOP 16 Things To Do In Cincinnati https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jicq0uka-iE&ab_channel=Anna%26KarlTravel

Reading for information: Interesting facts about New York: https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/the-usa/new-york/interesting-facts-about-new-york.html

Listening comprehension: New York tourist attractions: https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/the-usa/new-york/new-york-tourist-attractions-video-listening.html

Reading comprehension: The Statue of Liberty https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/the-usa/the-statue-of-liberty/the-statue-of-liberty.html

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Ukraїner: Crafts https://www.ukrainer.net/thread-en/remesla-en/

VIDEO: УКРАЇНСЬКІ НАРОДНІ ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ГУРТУ ONUKA: історія, походження, переосмислення https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lg_3ipGIys0&ab_channel=ONUKA

Grammar: Participle clauses https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/participle-clauses

Participle clauses: BBC English Class https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuTSOQ9kIdY

Participle Clauses - Exercises https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/participle-clauses/

Presentation: Ukrainian crafts: Weaving, Pottery, Embroidery, Kosiv Ceramics,Woodcarving, .

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Ambassadors Art Aviation Business Owners Clusters Communities Crafts Education Explainers Exporters Farming Farmsteads Green Expedition Holodomor In quarantine Inclusion Museums Music National Minorities Nature Protection Photostory Professions Railway Shipping Space Transformation Sports Tourist Attractions Traditions Ukrainians abroad War Children of war De-occupation De-Russification Eco-terrorism Global context of war Initiatives for

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WReadinghat Is the American Dream? Examples and How to Measure It

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Reading +at-sight translation: What Is the American Dream?https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/american-dream.asp

Reading: Martin Luther King Jr https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/famouspeople/martin-luther-king/martin-luther-king-reading.html

Listening Comprehension: Martin Luther King Jr https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/famouspeople/martin-luther-king/martin-luther-king-video-quiz.html

How to adopt Good Study Habit s https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/how-to/study/lesson-activities.html

Grammar: ing and Infinitive https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/verb-object-infinitive-gerund/

Use of English: https://test-english.com/use-of-english/b2/b2-english-test-7-text-with-multiple-choice-gaps/

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What Is the American Dream?

The American dream is the belief that anyone, regardless of where they were born or what class they were born into, can attain their own version of success in a society in which upward mobility is possible for everyone.

The American dream is believed to be achieved through sacrifice, risk-taking, and hard work, rather than by chance.

Key Takeaways

Understanding the American Dream

The term was coined by writer and historian James Truslow Adams in his best-selling 1931 book Epic of America. He described it as "that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement."

Adams went on to explain, "It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motorcars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position."

The idea of the American dream has much deeper roots. Its tenets can be found in the Declaration of Independence, which states: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

In a society based on these principles, an individual can live life to its fullest as they define it. America also grew mostly as a nation of immigrants who created a nation where becoming an American-and passing that citizenship to your children-didn't require being the child of an American.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the American Dream

Advantages

Achieving the American dream requires political and economic freedom, as well as rules of law and private property rights. Without them, individuals cannot make the choices that will permit them to attain success, nor can they have confidence that their achievements will not be taken away from them through arbitrary force.

The American dream promises freedom and equality. It offers the freedom to make both the large and small decisions that affect one's life, the freedom to aspire to bigger and better things and the possibility of achieving them, the freedom to accumulate wealth, the opportunity to lead a dignified life, and the freedom to live in accordance with one's values-even if those values are not widely held or accepted.

The books of post-Civil War writer Horatio Alger, in which impoverished but hardworking teenage boys rise to success through pluck, determination, and good fortune, came to personify realizing the Dream.

Disadvantages

Terming it a "dream" also carries with it the notion that these ideals aren't necessarily what has played out in the lives of many actual Americans and those who hope to become Americans. The criticism that reality falls short of the American dream is at least as old as the idea itself. The spread of settlers into Native American lands, slavery, the limitation of the vote (originally) to white male landowners, and a long list of other injustices and challenges have undermined the realization of the dream for many who live in the United States.

As income inequality has increased substantially since the 1970s, the American dream has begun to seem less attainable for those who aren't already affluent or born into affluence. According to U.S. Census family income data, real family income began to grow much more among the top income group than among other segments of American society.

These realities, however, do not diminish the luster of the American dream as an ideal and a beacon to all nations.

How to Measure the American Dream

Today, homeownership is frequently cited as an example of attaining the American dream. It is a symbol of financial success and independence, and it means the ability to control one's own dwelling place instead of being subject to the whims of a landlord. Owning a business and being one's own boss also represents the American dream fulfillment. In addition, access to education and healthcare have been cited as elements of the Dream.

Homeownership has steadily increased over time in the U.S., reflecting a key aspect of owning your own property as a sign of achieving the American Dream. For example, the homeownership rate at the end of 2020 was 65.8%, reflecting an increase of 0.7% higher than the previous year. Entrepreneurship has always been important to the U.S. economy too. In 2019, small businesses created 1.6 million net jobs alone.

Owning property, one's own business, and carving a life of one's own making is all part of the American dream, and the U.S. as a first-world country also offers the benefits of pursuing these passions, without having to worry about basics such as accessing good education and healthcare.

Special Considerations

In her book Spreading the American Dream: American Economic and Cultural Expansion, 1890-1945, sociologist Emily S. Rosenberg identifies five components of the American dream that have shown up in countries around the world. These include the following:

The belief that other nations should replicate America's development

Faith in a free market economy

Support for free trade agreements and foreign direct investment

Promotion of a free flow of information and culture

Acceptance of government protection of private enterprise

The American dream was aided by a number of factors that gave the United States a competitive advantage over other countries. For starters, it is relatively isolated geographically, compared to many other countries, and enjoys a temperate climate. It has a culturally diverse population that businesses use to foster innovation in a global landscape. Abundant natural resources-including oil, arable land, and long coastlines-generate food and income for the country and its residents.

What Is the Original American Dream?

The phrase "American dream" was often used by Progressive-era reformers of the 1900s. Rather than exalting the pursuit of wealth, they sought to tame monopoly capitalism and protect workers and communities from robber barons. This concept was popularized by writer and historian James Truslow Adams in his best-selling 1931 book Epic of America. He described it as "that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement."

What Are Examples of the American Dream?

Examples of the American Dream include owning your own house, starting a family, and having a stable job or owning your own business.

Is the American Dream Still Achievable?

It's widely debated if the American Dream is still achievable, and what that achievement even entails. Indeed, today, many people wonder if they can keep up with rising housing costs and interest payments on loans needed to purchase things like homes and cars. Moreover, American's need to save for their own retirement and pay large out-of-pocket costs for healthcare and higher education, which can leave families saddled with high-interest debt that is hard to crawl back from.

What Is the American Dream in Dr. Martin Luther King's Speech?

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous speech referenced the concept of the American dream by stating: "I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.'" Since the early 1960s, Dr. King had pondered and preached about how African Americans didn't get a chance to access the reality of the American dream because they were not truly equal to white men and women. Ultimately, Dr. King's "American dream" was equality.

How Has the American Dream Changed?

Over time, the American dream has shifted from an ethos of equality and solidarity to one of individualistic competition to succeed materialistically, fueled by consumption. In the 1990s and early 2000s, mortgage company Fannie Mae began promulgating the notion that buying a home was a cornerstone of the American Dream, and use the term prominently in ads selling home loans. This ideology led to the housing boom and ultimate bubble that popped ultimately, leading to the 2008-09 financial crisis.

The Bottom Line

The concept of the American dream is still one of the most uniquely "American" ideals-the ultimate idea that any individual should be able to pursue their dreams and build the life they want if they put in the hard work. This motivating drive influences the economy with entrepreneurship and individual ambition, infusing a romantic notion to anyone trying to be successful in the United States. Though the definition of the American Dream has changed to mean different things to different generations, it's undoubtedly part of the American ethos, and always will be.

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What Is the American Dream? Examples and How to Measure It

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The American Dream is the belief that anyone can attain their own version of success in a society where upward mobility is possible for everyone.

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Video: Top 10 Best Things to do in New York City https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8uC5jU_7P4&ab_channel=TravelInsights

LISTENING: Nicknames for New York https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/the-usa/us-cities-and-their-nicknames/new-york/new-york-nicknames-listening.html

Gap Fill: Nicknames for New York https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/the-usa/us-cities-and-their-nicknames/new-york/new-york-nicknames-gap-fill.html

Grammar: Gerunds and infinitives – complex formshttps://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/gerunds-infinitives-complex-forms/

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Reading for information: British Culture and Social Norms https://www.studying-in-uk.org/british-culture-and-social-norms/

British Culture Quiz https://www.londonschool.com/lsic/british-culture-quiz/
Listening+quiz: Life in the UK (UK citizenship) https://www.esolcourses.com/content/lifeintheuk/citizenship/multiple-choice/taking-the-life-in-the-uk-test.html

Multiple choice quiz: Life in the UK https://www.esolcourses.com/content/lifeintheuk/citizenship/multiple-choice/culture-and-people.html

Reading+tasks: Kew Gardens https://www.esolcourses.com/ielts/kew-gardens/kew-gardens-academic-ielts-lesson-page-1.html

Listening+tasks: Knowledge is GREAT - Part 1 https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/video-series/britain-great/knowledge-great-part-1

GRAMMAR: Idiomatic infinitive phrases https://test-english.com/vocabulary/c1/idiomatic-infinitive-phrases-c1-english-vocabulary/

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British culture has its roots in the United Kingdom‘s rich history, the people and the four countries — England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland — that it’s made up of each with their own unique traditions and customs.

British culture and social norms are very unique. One of the most important things to know before going to any country is what their cultural and social norms are. As an international student from another country, you may be clueless. This article introduces you to everything you need to know about the British culture.

Sure, you may have learned some facts about UK from television shows and the internet, you may have even visited the country before, but that’s a different experience than living in the country. No matter where you are in the UK, here are some of the social norms that you will learn from British people.

Things you need to know about the British people

The British are punctual. Being late is odd and, in some cases, considered to be rude. If you’re going to be late to something, contact those involved as soon as you know you will be late. Also, it is less rude to be late to a dinner party at someone’s home than it is to be late to a public meeting (such as dinner at a restaurant).

Never jump lines, known as “queues” in UK. In some countries jumping the queue may be acceptable, but in UK, people may not be very happy with you and will definitely let you know how unhappy they are about the situation. Standing patiently in the queue is a normal part of British culture.

In the UK, it’s acceptable to keep one arm’s length between yourself and those you are speaking with. Any closer is assumed to be aggressive and can be uncomfortable for those native to UK.

Please, thank you, and sorry are normal parts of everyday conversations and interactions. Some people are simply baffled by how polite British people are. As an international student, you may not be used to this, but you will probably get used to it quickly after your arrival!

When greeting a good friend or family member in UK, you do not simply shake their hand. Many times, especially if one of the people that are greeting or being greeted is female, you will frequently give and/or receive a small kiss on the cheek. If you are not a close friend or family member, then the physical touch is perceived as odd or uncomfortable (you may shake hands, but often a smile and a bow of the head is acceptable enough).

The British have a high amount of respect for older adults and the disabled. If you are on public transportation, you are expected to give up your seat if someone who is disabled or older comes onto the tram (or whatever vehicle you are in) and there is no other seat. If an older adult or someone who is disabled seems to be struggling with something, you are also expected to ask the person if they need your assistance.

British people rarely use superlatives and are not very animated when they speak. They value privacy over everything else, so be careful what you ask because you could be prying without meaning to.

British people often avoid extended eye contact. They find it uncomfortable and intimidating.

If you are invited to the home of a native British person, it is normal to bring along a gift, such as chocolate, wine, or flowers to say thank you.

If you go to a pub with your friends, it is common practice to buy a round of drinks for those who you came with.

The person who has invited you to dinner is typically the one who pays. Do not argue about whose responsibility it is, rather, invite them out to dinner at some point and pay for them to reciprocate.

These little cultural differences will be a regular part of adapting to life in UK, and so it’s important to learn them before you even arrive. You want to make sure that you don’t offend anyone as you’re getting used to life in UK.

If you don’t do these things naturally, the British will definitely know that you’re from out of town. This knowledge will help you get better adjusted to British norms before you start enjoying the rest of student life while attending university in UK.

The British Food

The British food is a blending of four different rich cultures of countries that comprise the UK. This explains why the British culinary traditions are such diverse.

Far from home one of the things you’ll often miss is your native cuisine, which you’re used to consuming it daily. In the UK you will still feel the same, however, the British food will undoubtedly be a perfect replacement for it. Among a wide variety of dishes, you will certainly find some that suit your taste.

One of the very first things you’ll encounter in a country’s culture it’s his traditional food. To avoid a culture shock in UK you would be grateful to have a basic guideline about the British food. There is more beyond Yorkshire Pudding and Roast beef that are usually associated with the UK cuisine.

Below we bring to you some of the most common typical British food which you wouldn’t like to miss trying at least once when going to UK.

Fish and chips

Perhaps the most typical British food. The history of this food in UK’s culture is so long. It is thought that once in the past an employer had to hire a doorman to control the queue of people waiting to buy Fish and chips. The plate contains a deep-fried fish and potato chips (fries for American readers). British people prefer the cod and Haddock over other sorts of fish. You can also prepare some boiled peas mixed with salt, pepper or other ingredients.

Sunday Roast with Yorkshire pudding

One cannot talk about the British food without mentioning the Sunday Roast with Yorkshire pudding. Usually served on Sundays afternoons, however, you can eat during the week also. You can ask for a roast dinner with a chicken, turkey or whatever, but you definitely should not miss the Yorkshire pudding. Commonly the Yorkshire pudding is accompanied with beef.

Eccles cake

Delicious round small cakes containing currants. It’s named after a town in Manchester with the same name. Across UK you can find different versions of this delicious food because it’s not strictly associated with a particular place.

Black pudding

Onions, pork fat, oatmeal and blood are mixed together to create a delicious food. Often called as a superfood because it’s rich in protein, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Moreover is almost free of carbohydrates, so it won’t digress you from your diet.

Laverbread

The Laverbread is another British food typically found in Wales. To prepare it the seaweed is boiled then chopped and mashed, rolled in oatmeal and then fried. This food is often referred as a Welsh caviar.

Scotch eggs

Scotch eggs are a dish containing a mix eggs covered with sausage meat breadcrumbs and fried.

Shepherd pie

The Shepherd pie is usually cooked with meat (beef or lamb more often) and mashed with rind of potato. The name of this food appeared for the first time in 1877.

Full English breakfast

The typical English breakfast is rich with ingredients including bacon, sausages, eggs, toast, mushrooms, tomatoes and tea or coffee.

British languages

English, as you may have guessed it, is the official language and the main language spoken in the UK. From over 65 million citizens that live in the country, roughly 98% of them speak English as their first language. But, there are also other native languages spoken across the country that have evolved during the history of UK.

Other than English, in the UK these are official native languages:

Welsh in Wales

Gaelic and Scots in Scotland

Irish and Ulster Scots in Northern Ireland

Cornish in Cornwall, England

Note that each of these languages comes with their own dialects and accents all across the UK. Therefore, the linguistic diversity in UK is pretty large.

Compared to the English these languages are less widely spoken. Some of them are even at risk of slipping toward complete extinction. For example, in Wales, a long time ago, the majority of native citizens spoke Welsh, but these days the official estimation show that only 20% of Wales citizens speak Welsh. Moreover, the number of them is continually declining. In the past, there have been many laws aiming to promote and protect this language from disappearing.

Scottish is a Celtic language mainly spoken in the North of the country. It is estimated that there are around 1.5 million Scottish speakers making it the second most spoken language in UK. Despite being treated as a different language to the English there are some who argue that the Scottish language is only a version of English.

The Cornish language is another language spoken by a still smaller group of people in UK, mostly in England. It belongs to the Celtic branch of British languages. According to different studies, the number of Cornish fluent speakers is around 3,000. Historically, it is believed that this language was once part of the Welsh language before starting to differentiate itself centuries ago. These days, its similarities with the Welsh language are minor.

As a politically and economically strong country, the UK has always been a hub for immigration. People who come to live in UK continue to communicate with each other on their native language. Thus, there are many other languages spoken in the UK by different smaller minorities. In London, for example, is thought that there are around 300 languages spoken.

Clothing in UK

As for the clothing, the UK’s wearing trends are closely similar to fashion trends in western societies. At the same time, their sentiments for their typical clothing elements are highly expressed in their daily dressing styles.

Across the UK there are many variations depending on several factors. Young people, mainly follow the most actual global fashion trends. Their clothing contains Jeans, T-shirts, jackets, and sneakers. Those who work in an office usually wear on elegant business suits. Elders’ clothing styles, mostly contain British traditional garments.

A typical element of their clothing is the tweed jacket. Although this jacket has almost identical shape and design of a suit jacket it is meant to be less formal and keep you warm without needing to match it with trousers.

In the UK the weather is pretty unpredictable. Depending on the weather Brits choose to dress differently. When there’s winter weather they usually wear heavy overcoats or anoraks, while when it rains Britons wear raincoats and umbrellas.

The same clothing styles are found all across the UK. Scotland is mainly known for its famous national attire, the kilt. This type is an everyday clothing and often is regarded as the highlands dress regarding the Scottish land where the Kilt has originated.

The main element of this outfit, as the name suggests, is the kilt and other garments are belt and buckle, Jacobite shirt, kilt hose and kilt pin. Nowadays there are many variations of the same Scottish national dress because people added different accessories depending on their choice.

Music in UK

There are many stereotypes surrounding the Brits, but they are very cheerful people and love to have fun. Not surprisingly, they gave the world a number of famous and unforgettable artists whose impact has greatly shaped this industry. Also, music concerts are a common thing in the UK. Some of the biggest music events are organized in the UK.

The music in UK has a long and rich history. British artists have firmly impacted the European and global history of music. In medieval times the British composers gave a major contribution to continental music movements. Some of the most known British composers in classical music include Thomas Tallis, William Byrd, Henry Purcell, Hubert Parry, Edward Elgar, Frederick Delius, Ralph Vaughan Williams and Benjamin Britten.

At modern times the British music is one of the most developed and most influential in the world. Probably the most famous British music band ever, the Beatles, was founded in 1960 in Liverpool and is regarded by many to be the most influential music group that ever existed. Some of the best artists of today’s music industry are from the UK.

The UK is also where some of the most trendy music genres originated and today they have mastered them. Blues-rock, heavy metal, punk rock, hard rock, British folk-rock, folk punk, acid jazz, Britpop, grime, Dubstep and many more are some of the music genres that were first performed by UK musicians or were largely influenced by them.

Architecture in UK

The British architecture is unique with its own styles and forms. Their architectural structure depicts specific traits from different periods of history, from the 5th century of Roman conquering, throughout the Dark Ages and Renaissance whose impact is still present in the British architectural heritage.

There are castles, monuments, and other architectural buildings all across the country and many of them are nowadays transformed into touristic attractions. These objects combine perfectly with the latest trend in modern architecture.

During the sixth century, there were many Anglo-Saxon churches built in the UK. With the invasion of Normans, there was a large number of Norman style castles during the 11th century. There is the Carrickfergus castle built during the 12th century on the shores of Belfast Lough. In the capital of UK, London there is the first Romanesque building in England, the Westminster Abbey.

Between the 12th and 16th century, it was time for the Gothic style to make its impact on British architecture. Although initially copied from France, the British gothic cathedrals developed their unique features. For example, there was the Canterbury Cathedral, built in 1174, followed by the Wells Cathedral and Lincoln Cathedral.

On both sides of the Anglo-Scottish border, there are still a number of stone castles left from the lasting Scottish Independence War during the 14th century. Many engineering inventions made later on Renaissance caused the emerging on many new artistic building styles.

Old castles share also a proportion of architectural heritage in the UK. Among many of them, some of the most beautiful and most visited by tourists are the Windsor Castle, the Edinburgh Castle, Leeds Castle, Alnwick Castle, Cardiff Castle, Bodiam Castle, Stirling Castle, Caernarfon Castle, Warwick Castle, Bamburgh Castle etc.

Sport in UK

Sports are a very popular activity among Brits. Clearly, the Football (or Soccer as referred by Americans) is the British top favorite sport. This normally would be expected because the UK is where the modern Football has begun.

The second most favorite sports of Brits is Rugby. A long time ago this sport was associated with the elite, but later it became widespread. Today, there are two leagues of Rugby in UK.
Brits also like swimming, Cricket, Tennis, Boxing and so on.

Did you know that although most people wrongly think that Tennis table originates from Asian countries, the game was first invented in UK?

Art in UK

Art is an important part of the British history and culture. Many British artists created irreplaceable artwork whose appealing influenced many artists from all around the globe.

Traces of British art development take us back to the pre-historical periods. The Stonehenge, built around 2600 BC, is clearly the oldest British artwork we know until now. The influence of Roman conquer and other preceding historical ages are still present in UK. Old churches and cathedrals have the same illuminated manuscript and sculpture as when they were built centuries ago.

Throughout the history of art, the UK produced some of the greatest artists ever. Names like William Blake, J.M.W.Turner, John Constable, Samuel Palmer and so forth made a strong basis for artists that would come later.

Before 18th century also saw a number of brilliant British artists best represented by the names of Hans Holbein, Anthony van Dyck, Niccolas Hilliard, Robert Peake, William Larkin, William Dobson and John Michael Wright.

During the second part of the 18th century, the art movements that took place in the UK resulted in the expansion of the distinguished artists like Sir Joshua Reynold, George Stubbs, Thomas Gainsborough and Joseph Wright of Derby.

Artists like Joseph Wright, James Wright, Samuel Palmer, Richard Parkes Bonnington and so on, were some of the best during the 19th century or the Romantic period as it is known. During the 20th century artists like John Singer Sargent, Jack Butler Yeats, Sir Jacob Epstein, David Bomberg, Lawrence Atkinson, Dora Carrington and others climbed the elite of artists in UK.

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British Culture and Social Norms (2021 Guide)

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British culture has its roots in the United Kingdom‘s rich history, the people and the four countries — England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland — that it’s made up of each with their own unique traditions and customs. British culture and social norms are very unique. One of the most important…

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Best cities to visit in 2024 | Best in Travel

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READING: Top 10 Cities to visit in 2026

VOCABULARY TASK: English Vocabulary in Use:  25 Towns

Listening+tasks: How my town has changed
https://test-english.com/listening/a2/how-my-town-has-changed-listening-test/

WRITING:  How my homeplace changed

IELTS General Reading test: Community Survey

https://www.examenglish.com/IELTS/IELTS_general_reading_test4_1.htm

GRAMMAR : MODAL VERBS

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The ultimate trip planner for every month of the year: discover the best places to visit throughout the seasons. From city breaks to tropical beach vacations and family adventures, this book is organized by month with recommendations for trips that range from weekend escapes to one- and two-week getaways.

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Best cities to visit in 2023 | Best in Travel

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The ultimate trip planner for every month of the year: discover the best places to visit throughout the seasons. From city breaks to tropical beach vacations and family adventures, this book is organized by month with recommendations for trips that range from weekend escapes to one- and two-week getaways.

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VIDEO: Defining American Culture

READING: 10 Things to Know About U.S. Culture https://www.interexchange.org/articles/career-training-abroad/10-things-to-know-about-u-s-culture/

Reading comprehension: Travel guide https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/b1-reading/travel-guide

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VIDEO: Top 50 American Culture & Characteristics of American - Part 1

Top 50 American Culture & Characteristics of American - Part 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sG0pa_OZnGA

VIDEO: British vs American English

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdJQdt3xkFQ&ab_channel=Langfocus

READING+vocabulary notes: English for translators and philologists textbook by Vozna, Unit 3, Text 1 The Way Americans Communicate, p. 129-134.

VOCABULARY: English Vocabulary in Use: Unit 10

LISTENING COMPREHENSION + tasks: Electing US President
https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/the-usa/elections/american-presidential-elections.html

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Top 50 American Culture & Characteristics of American - Part 1 | Understanding U.S

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Listening comprehension +tasks: The Great Fire of London

https://www.esolcourses.com/content/lifeintheuk/london/the-great-fire-of-london/intermediate-listening-lesson.html

Video translation: Top 10 Best Things to do in London 2026 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bzjPehOdLAw

Reading: Edinburgh summer festivals https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/study-break/magazine-zone/edinburgh-summer-festivals

Reading comprehension: Transport in Manchester https://www.esolcourses.com/content/lifeintheuk/manchester/reading-text.html

Presentation: BRITISH National Parks

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English Vocabulary in Use:  24 Environmental Problems

Reading: What is Ecotourism? https://www.oysterworldwide.com/news/what-is-ecotourism/

Reading+tests: Self-Catering Holiday Cottages in the Lake District National Park https://www.examenglish.com/IELTS/IELTS_general_reading_test2_1.htm

Video: What Is Ecotourism?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i4ioqIaXrE

What is Sustainable Tourism?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oL-X2iQi864

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Travel is good for the soul. It expands the mind - and our hearts. And it helps us realise life's most important purpose, which is to love and respect everyone around us and make the world a better place for humans and animals. But every time we pack our bags and jet off for a new adventure, we leave a footprint behind. This footprint is made up of the emissions from each mode of transport used, as well as other resources acquired to help us have an enjoyable time.

So how do we reduce our impact on the planet when we travel? The biggest problem lies with mass tourism, as many operators do not have environmental care at the top of the agenda. Ecotourism is an alternative to mass tourism and is a great way of exploring the world off the beaten path in the most sustainable way possible.

If this sounds like the type of travel that interests you, read on for a detailed explanation about what ecotourism is, what its principles are, how it can be achieved, and the traps to watch out for.

Ecotourism definition

Ecotourism is a form of tourism that involves responsible travel to fragile, pristine and relatively undisturbed natural areas. These natural areas usually have programmes to conserve the environment or sustain the wellbeing of the local people.

An ecotourism holiday is done on a smaller scale compared to commercial mass tourism and is intended to be low impact. This means that tour operators and accommodation providers act as responsibly as possible, ensuring the protection of flora and fauna in the local area.

What are the goals of ecotourism?

One of the main goals of ecotourism is to boost awareness of what's going on, both environmentally and socially. An eco-travel tour, conservation project or volunteering holiday aims to educate tourists about the social conditions surrounding a certain travel destination. These conditions are things like poverty, which is often hidden from tourists. Or the declining wildlife due to commercial developments and human impact.

All in all, ecotourism intends to expose travellers to the realities of social and economic climates across the world.

The key principles to know

According to the International Ecotourism Society, the key principles of ecotourism are:

By choosing a responsible tour operator and going to less commercial destinations, we can reduce the impact we have on the places we visit. One of the best ways of giving back when you're travelling is to volunteer in projects such as teaching English abroad to children of poor communities or using your skills to provide sports coaching.

Conservation projects are a great way of helping the environment, but an important part of working as a conservationist isn't just the hands-on work. The educational side is just as important, and you may be involved in doing talks or discussions with local groups or schools. On top of that, what you learn from your conservation experience abroad should be used to spread the word back home, helping everyone gain a better understanding of what's at risk.

With ecotourism, it's extremely important to make the exchange a positive one for hosts as well as the visitor. This means that you, the traveller, are not the most important factor as often seen with mass tourism. This means fair pay for local hosts, creating job opportunities and having respect for local traditions and customs.

Many of our animal welfare, environmental conservation or marine conservation experiences help to raise money for future projects by hosting for volunteers. The money spent on an all-inclusive resort in a largely commercialised holiday destination can be used to fund a volunteering trip instead, and your money will help to pay for the work that needs to be done in order to improve the environment.

Mass tourism works on a system that can make rich people richer, and poor people poorer. While big tour operators and hotel chains sign lucrative deals, the local community doesn't always benefit. While tourism can generate jobs in an area, there isn't a fair distribution of wealth. Ecotourism works on the principle of helping local people come out of poverty and become independent.

By creating interpretative, easy to understand and eye-opening learning experiences, ecotourism can make an impact in changing people's perspectives. Tourism in the mass market doesn't do much in terms of educating tourists about political, environmental, and social climates, but ecotourism takes a different approach. Learning is key, and a better understanding will ultimately lead to more sensitivity and compassion.

Large hotel chains and big resorts put the comfort of their guests and cost-cutting at the top of their priorities. But ecotourism is about building facilities that put the environment first. This doesn't mean that guests don't get their creature comforts, many wonderful eco-friendly hotels deliver a feeling of luxury. But for those who are serious about reducing their footprint, 5 star mass tourism isn't the way to go.

Empowering communities is another key principle of ecotourism. It's essential to make people from all backgrounds feel safe and empowered. Some of the best volunteering programmes for this include volunteering with monks or helping with women's empowerment in different communities.

A brief history of ecotourism

In recent years, ecotourism has really come into its own as a concept. This has been largely driven by the younger generations, but has also struck a chord with informed travellers of all ages. With more and more people realising the importance of caring for the planet and wanting to give back when they travel, the platform for ecotourism has grown exponentially.

But what is popular today actually started to take shape many decades ago. The exact origins of the term 'ecotourism' aren't entirely clear, but one of the first uses dates back to 1965 when Hetzer identified the four pillars of responsible tourism. Back then, these were: minimising environmental impact, respecting host cultures, maximising benefits to local people, and maximising tourist satisfaction. These were considered to be the first distinguishing characteristics of ecological tourism.

The concept developed further in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This was due to the growing environmental concern as well as the emerging dissatisfaction with mass tourism. This resulted in an increased demand for nature-based experiences that were off the beaten path and away from the main tourist track.

By the mid-1980s, a number of countries identified ecotourism as an important platform for achieving both conservation and development goals, and the industry has continued to grow ever since.

Today, other buzzwords are often associated with ecological tourism. These are 'sustainable tourism', 'green tourism', 'nature tourism', 'responsible tourism', and 'ethical tourism'. Ultimately, all of these terms refer to mindful travel, and contributing to a better and more informed world.

Why is it important for the planet?

Ecotourism is extremely important to the planet because its principles are built on helping the natural world, as well as the people and animals that live in it. The bottom line is, everyone benefits - humans and nature.

People who embark on eco-travel adventures are required to stick to certain guidelines. These principles can help to shift perspectives and transition people from the indulgent, unenlightened experiences commonly found with mass tourism. The principles of ecotourism are beneficial for the world as a whole, and doesn't just benefit one or two countries, but the entire planet.

With the growing problems associated with global warming and depleting resources, it's more important than ever to reduce our footprint in any way we can - not just in the home, but also as we travel.

Some of the benefits of eco-travel:

We can help to maintain natural environments and keep places of outstanding beauty pristine for future generations

We can help communities by building cultural awareness and spreading the word through social media

We can improve the lives of hosts and the lives of local people in host countries

We can increase employment opportunities in impoverished areas

The personal benefits of greener travel

As well as being important for the planet and its people, travelling responsibly also brings some great personal benefits. Going green when you travel, volunteering abroad or visiting fragile, pristine nature areas can create a unique and immersive experience.

Some of the benefits include:

See places that you would never get to see with mass tourism. Get away from the crowded resorts and discover new places with authentic food and people.

Learn more about the host country and gain a new perspective of what it's like to be in someone else's shoes on the other side of the word.

Enjoy immersive travel and get to know the local people.

If you join a volunteering group or teach abroad, you can make a difference and create real meaning and purpose for yourself.

A lot of ecotourism travel puts you in the same space as other like-minded people. Meet people who have the same passions, goals and desires, and make friends from around the world.

How to bring it into action

Mindful travel can be approached in a number of ways. If you're passionate about reducing your footprint, learning more about the world around you, helping the environment and contributing to a better society, you're not alone.

There are many like-minded folk who want the same things. So even if you're embarking on solo travel, you'll be sure to meet lots of friends along the way. To bring ecotourism into action, here are some ideas to inspire you.

A trekking holiday is a fantastic way of exploring places lesser travelled with low impact. From the Annapurna Massif in Nepal to Mount Everest, there are so many challenges you can take on.

Whether you're interested in volunteering with elephants, working with safari game animals, or getting veterinary work experience abroad, this is a great way of using your time and money on a good cause.

Internships or medical work experience trips are a fantastic way of giving back while improving your CV. They can be combined with nature travel for the perfect balance of ecotourism.

What is greenwashing? (And how to avoid it)

As well as volunteering as you travel, you can also help the ecotourism cause by choosing only eco-friendly tour operators and accommodation providers. But one of the things that you should beware of is greenwashing.

The term greenwashing describes a form of marketing spin in which green PR and green advertising techniques are deceptively used to persuade travellers that a company's products or services are environmentally friendly. Sadly, things aren't always as plain as they seem.

To avoid greenwashing campaigns, always do your own research. Never just take a company's word for it - look at the small print, read reviews and check the finer details. You should never be afraid to ask questions either. A reputable travel company is always transparent about its processes and procedures.

FAQs

Here are some commonly asked questions about ecotourism that might help you get a better understanding.

Q: What's the difference between ecotourism, green tourism and sustainable?

A: These terms are often used interchangeably and can often mean the same thing and drive a similar result. But while the term 'ecotourism' can be defined by "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people", the terms 'green' and 'sustainable' can be used to describe a lot of different things, services and products. Green hotels or sustainable travel doesn't necessarily mean ecotourism.

Q: Does ecotourism have to involve nature?

A: Yes, generally all ecotourism will involve activities in nature such as hiking or mountain climbing. But many ecotourism projects include cultural activities too.

Q: Won't ecotourism spoilt a pristine region's ecosystem?

A: As with any travel, there's always a risk of leaving too much of a footprint. But ecological tourism operators are trained to create activities that have low-impact. Spreading awareness is one of the main goals, and by giving people access, we can educate the world on being more responsible anywhere we go.

Ready to get going? Take a look at some of our conservation projects online.

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Travel is good for the soul. It expands the mind - and our hearts. And it helps us realise life's most important purpose, which is to love and respect everyone around us and make the world a better place for humans and animals.

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READING: Top 10 benefits of traveling:
https://skyrefund.com/en/blog/benefits-of-travelling

VOCABULARY: TOURISM https://test-english.com/vocabulary/b2/tourism-b2-english-vocabulary/

LISTENING: Dark Tourism https://test-english.com/listening/b2/dark-tourism-b2-english-listening-test/

GRAMMAR: MODALS: Permission, obligation, prohibition, necessity https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/modal-verbs-permission-obligation-prohibition-necessity/

PRESENTATION: Different ways of traveling

Reading: Valentine's Day https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/magazine-zone/valentines-day

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Tourism

In this pre-advanced vocabulary lesson about Tourism, you will learn about common places to visit, verbs and idioms related to travel, and adjectives to describe different types of places. Check the pictures below and read the definitions and sentence examples to enhance your tourism-related vocabulary.

Places to go

1 Tourist attractions are places such as monuments, famous buildings, and museums that are popular among visiting tourists. Tourist attractions are often crowded because many people want to see them.

2 A seafront is a coastal part of a town or city that faces the sea. People often walk along the seafront so they can look out to sea. Many seafronts have cafes facing them where one can sit and admire the view.

3 Backstreets are narrow streets behind the busy main streets, often in a poorer area of town. They are usually quieter than main streets as they don't contain many shops and are therefore not usually used by tourists.

4 Amusement parks are outdoor areas where people can enjoy rides, games, and other forms of entertainment. Many are only open at certain times of the year, as they are not usually equipped to deal with bad weather.

5 Ruins are the remains of buildings, cities, or monuments that are in a state of disrepair.

6 Hiking trails are paths through mountains or forest areas that are marked out for walkers. Hiking trails can vary in length, with some stretching hundreds of kilometres.

7 Food markets are covered outdoor areas with many different vendors selling various types of food. People enjoy visiting food markets and sampling the different types of food.

8 Nature reserves are parks, forests, or other outdoor areas that are managed to protect their plants and wildlife. Many people visit nature reserves to enjoy the flowers, trees, and views.

9 A crafts fair is an event where people gather to showcase and sell handmade items, often including artwork, jewelry, pottery, and other unique crafts.

Verbs and idioms

1 If you go off track, you go away from the popular tourist routes. Many tourists often go off track to get a more authentic taste of a place.

2 To make a reservation means to book something ahead of time. People often make reservations at restaurants to ensure that they get a table.

3 To chill out means to relax and take it easy. You can chill out at home by relaxing on the sofa, but you can also chill out on holiday sitting on a beach or in a bar. Unwind is similar to chilling out. When you unwind, you relax and forget about work and the stresses of daily life.

4 To stroll means to walk at a leisurely pace, with no particular aim. You can through the streets of a town, taking in the buildings and sights, or you can stroll down a country lane and enjoy the natural surroundings.

5 If you hit the shops, you go shopping, usually for clothes, presents, or souvenirs. People often hit the shops when on holiday to buy things that they can't get at home.

6 To sample the local cuisine means to taste the food of the area that you're visiting. Many tourists enjoy sampling the local cuisine in markets or local restaurants.

7 If you pack your bags, you put your clothes and belongings in a suitcase or rucksack. People pack their bags when preparing to go on or return from a trip or holiday.

8 To take a detour means to take a different route to a place in order to avoid something or save time. People often take detours because of traffic, road closures, or building work.

9 We use the verb form go on before nouns related to travel, trips or similar, such as holiday, trip, journey, excursion, tour, cruise, safari, etc.

Adjectives to describe places

1 Unspoilt or unspoiled means in its natural state, not ruined or changed by humans. We are more likely to describe the countryside as unspoilt than we are a city or town.

2 Remote is a word we use to describe a place that is isolated and far from transport links. Remote areas are usually unspoilt because very few people visit them.

3 Off the beaten track means away from areas and attractions that are usually visited by tourists. Many people like to find somewhere off the beaten track because they are seeking peace and relaxation.

4 If a place is touristy, it's not very nice because it's full of tourists and things for tourists to buy or do. Areas with monuments, galleries, and famous buildings are usually very touristy.

5 Picturesque and 6 breathtaking are both words that we use to describe a place or view that is very attractive. Picturesque means beautiful, like a scene from a picture or postcard, whereas breathtaking means so beautiful that it takes your breath away.

7 Something or somewhere that is overrated is said to be better than it actually is. Restaurants are often described as overrated when the food is not as good as you expected it to be.

8 Vibrant or lively means full of life, so a city or place that is vibrant or lively usually has many things going on and lots of things to do.

9 Exotic means exciting or unusual because it comes from or is characteristic of a different place. We can describe a place as exotic, but we can also use the word to describe food, music, or people too.

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Tourism - B2 English Vocabulary - Test-English

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Boost your travel vocabulary with the pictures, examples, exercises, and games in this comprehensive English vocabulary lesson about Tourism.

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Vocabulary: English Vocabulary in Use Intermediate: 31 Travelling

Vocabulary exercises: Transport – B1 English Vocabulary

https://test-english.com/vocabulary/b1/transport-b1-english-vocabulary/

Listening Comprehension: How do you travel to work? – B1 English listening test

https://test-english.com/listening/b1/how-do-you-travel-to-work-b1-english-listening-test/

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VIDEO: Why We Need the National Parks (Who owns the "wilderness"? )

Best National Parks in the US https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00P2pNNWEIk&ab_channel=AcrossTheGlobe

READING COMPREHENSION: Shenandoah https://www.esolcourses.com/content/reading/intermediate/graded-readers/shenandoah.html

Video for analysis: How to pronounce US National Parks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkyKv8vpcZI&ab_channel=EnglishwithJackie

Video summary: Top 10 US National Parks: Summary in English + Ukrainian

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqxuXw-1pUgAmerica's National Parks

IELTS Tests: Yellowstone Park  https://www.esolcourses.com/ielts/yellowstone-park/yellowstone-park-academic-ielts-lesson.html

Presentation: US National Parks

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VOCABULARY+exercises: English Vocabulary in Use: Unit 19 Art and literature, p. 44-45: https://padlet.com/chumak/travel-living-sdmqsimrh3m5butf/wish/yEPVZk4wGv7kWb0Y

UKRAINE: Arts and Artistic Community: Response of Ukrainian artists to the war: https://www.ukrainer.net/thread-en/war/ilustratory-viyny-en/

Presentation: Ukrainian Artists

Presentation: Performing Arts

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Response of Ukrainian artists * Ukraїner

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Ambassadors Art Aviation Business Owners Clusters Communities Crafts Education Explainers Exporters Farming Farmsteads Green Expedition Holodomor In quarantine Inclusion Museums Music National Minorities Nature Protection Photostory Professions Railway Shipping Space Transformation Sports Tourist Attractions Traditions Ukrainians abroad War Children of war De-occupation De-Russification Eco-terrorism Global context of war Initiatives for

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Reading: Nature Protection

https://ukrainer.net/thread-en/zaxyst-pryrody-en/page/2/

Presenation: Ukraine natural wonders and national parks

Grammar:  Grammarway: Relative clauses Unit 10, pp 152-154, Ex. 19-25

Video: Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_mFlafGyy8

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Lakes showcase some of water's most alluring qualities, from mesmerizing ripples and mirror-like reflections to crystalline clarity. Ukraine has hundreds of them, from tiny grass-lined ponds to massive freshwater expanses. However, some lakes simply stand out more than others.

Synevir Lake

(Synevirska Polyana village, Zakarpattya Region)

Synevir is the largest and one of the most beautiful mountain lakes in the Carpathian Mountains. It is also called "Sea Eye" or "Pearl of the Carpathians". The lake has a mirror-like water surface among green forests, with a small island in the middle.
The lake attracts numerous tourists with its crystal clear waters and unique landscapes. There is beautiful legend that the picturesque blue lake was formed from the tears of the count's daughter Syn', on the place where her father had killed her beloved shepherd Vir. The names of the couple formed the lake's name "Synevir". These days two wooden statues of lovers remind numerous travelers of this romantic but tragic legend.
Read: Beautiful Travel Destinations of Western Ukraine

Nesamovyte Lake

(Rakhiv District, Zakarpattya Region)

Nesamovyte ("furious" in Ukrainian) is situated on a large plateau on the northeastern slopes of Turkul Mount on a height of 1750 meters. The slightly arched form of the lake repeats the outline of the windy southeastern slope.
For the local inhabitants, Hutsuls, it is a sacred place where "hail is born". Modern weather confirms the old legend. The local inhabitants of the surrounding villages believe in this. They swear that the souls of all those, who commit suicide (hang or drown themselves) or take someone else life, land up in lake Nesamovyte. They say that when one throws a stone in the lake, then the souls of all sinners are disturbed.

Bile Ozero (While Lake)

Volodymyretskyy District, Rivne Region

This lake is known as a healing and unique body of water - the hub of the hydrological complex, which combines forest and marsh areas. Its hydro-magnesium water with high content of glycerol is considered to be healing. The water in the lake is very soft to the touch. It's unnecessary to dry after bathing, take advantage of enjoying of that feeling. And spectacular views around won't leave any traveler indifferent.

Maricheyka Lake

Verkhovyna District, Ivano Frankivsk Region

Maricheyka Lake is one of the most beautiful alpine lakes of glacial origin of the Carpathians, which lies on the northeast slope of Shurin Mount. It is part of the National Carpathian Nature Park.
One of the highest mountains of the Carpathian region - Pip Ivan (2022 m) can be seen from the Maricheyka lake.

Yalpuh Lake

Odesa Region

Yalpug is the biggest natural lake in Ukraine and a part of Prydunay lake system. It is situated in Odesa region. 39 km long and up to 15 km wide it covers 149 square kilometers. Its rich pisci-fauna counts over 40 species of fish and a great population of crawfishes.

Shelehiv Lake

Sumy Region

This lake preserved its pristine beauty from the ice age period. The water in Shelehiv Lake is always cold. The lake is a coeval with Baikal Lake and Ladoga Lake. This is a very picturesque place. Due to its remote location, the lake is not popular among travelers. It is very calm and silent area surrounded by pine, maple and alder forests. The lake has a horse-shoe form that envelopes a tiny island in the middle.

Molochnyi (Milk) Estuary

Odesa Region

Milk estuary is located on the coast of the Azov Sea. It is separated from the Azov Sea by a split, and at the same time, is joined with it with an artificial channel. Estuary has important recreational value - there are many camps on its bank. In addition, the estuary is of great interest to ornithologists - during spring and autumn migrations about 20,000 waterfowls come here.
A few of these irresistible bodies of water owe their charisma to climate, others to geologic luck of the draw, and some are even made by the humans who admire them. These beautiful Ukrainian lakes differ in the details, but all are uniquely beautiful and well worth a visit.
Read: Beautiful Estuaries of Odesa Region
Photo source: depositphotos.com, wikipedia.com, pinterest.com. All images belong to their rightful owners.

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Lakes showcase some of water's most alluring qualities, from mesmerizing ripples and mirror-like reflections to crystalline clarity. Ukraine has hundreds of them, from tiny grass-lined ponds to massive freshwater expanses. However, some lakes simply stand out more than others. (Synevirska Polyana village, Zakarpattya Region) Synevir is the largest and one of the most beautiful mountain lakes in the Carpathian Mountains.

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GRAMMAR: MODAL VERBS https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/modal-verbs/modal-verbs-index.htm

VIDEO GRAMMAR: MODAL VERBS: All you need to know https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36wG9pSYu7Q

Challenge Yourself With This Modal Verbs Quiz https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=modal-verbs

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Modal Verbs - Online Exercises - English Grammar

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Modal Verbs - Online Exercises in English Grammar

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Grammar: Grammarway Unit 10 p.161-163, Ex. 41-47

Advanced English Grammar Tests online

VOCABULARY+tests: War and peace https://test-english.com/vocabulary/b2/war-and-peace-b2-english-vocabulary/

Video: The environmental impact of the war in Ukraine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLyukXnpFBo&ab_channel=PRX

Ukraine sees devastating environmental impact due to war

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKcVYcFONqU&ab_channel=CNA

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Advanced English Grammar Tests - English Tests Online

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Advanced English Grammar Tests includes challenging grammar test for those who are really good at English grammar. Try to take all tests in this category so as to be sure that there aren't any topics that you haven't learnt yet.

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Video to watch: Explore Ukraine: Ukrainer in English

Video to translate+vocab: Які об’єкти охороняє ЮНЕСКО в Україні? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVM1y0OAzEA

Listening  comprehension: IELTS Test3 Part1 https://www.examenglish.com/IELTS/IELTS_listening_test3_part1.htm

READING: Five historic сastles to visit in Ukraine https://euromaidanpress.com/2019/09/07/five-historic-castles-to-visit-in-ukraine/

BLOG: 4 Beautiful Ukrainian Castles You Can Visit Near Lviv https://vidviday.ua/blog/en/4-best-ukrainian-castles-you-can-visit-near-lviv-legends/

Grammar: Participle clauses online: https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/participle-clauses/3/

PRESENTATIONS: Castles of Ukraine

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GRAMMAR: Relative Clauses

Listening  comprehension: IELTS Test3 Part1 https://www.examenglish.com/IELTS/IELTS_listening_test3_part1.htm

Grammar: Oxford Practice Grammar Test 24 A-D

Grammarway Unit 10 p.160, Ex. 38-40

Relative Clauses online

VIDEO: Chernihiv, Ukraine

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYCdh2xRtA4

VIDEO: Cities of Freedom https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC1hxg6_b7RLvLevV1QiZ24ZbMitKiSQn

Presentation: Ukrainian Cities: influence of war

Video to watch:

Explore Ukraine! • Ukraїner in English

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Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses) Advanced Level Test - Quiz (Online Exercise With Answers) 2

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This second gap fill test contains 25 multiple choice questions on the topic of relative clauses (adjective clauses) of English grammar. Both English learners and ESL teachers can use this online exercise as a revision to check the knowledge of English relative clauses (adjective clauses).

Congratulations - you have completed Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses) Advanced Level Test - Quiz (Online Exercise With Answers) 2.You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%.Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%

Your answers are highlighted below.

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Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses) Advanced Level Test - Quiz (Online Exercise With Answers) 2

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Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses) Advanced Level Test - Quiz (Online Exercise With Answers) 2 Please wait while the activity loads. If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. Also, this page requires javascript. Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled.

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Grammar: Relative Clauses explained

Reading: Historical influencers: 10 people who shaped the formation of Ukrainian identity https://www.kyivpost.com/post/7417

Podcast: How Hetman Mazepa Became a Global Cultural Figure https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELJ_wwGujFA

Presentation: Ukrainian Historical Figures

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Relative Clauses 2: The Grammar Gameshow Episode 12

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WATCH: Video - MY COUNTRY

Film: https://ukrainer.net/ukrayiner-the-movie-en/

PHOTOSTORY: https://ukrainer.net/100-photos-2022/

Ukraїner: the Movie: https://www.ukrainer.net/ukrayiner-the-movie-en/

Reading: The 7 Natural Wonders of Ukraine https://theculturetrip.com/europe/ukraine/articles/the-7-natural-wonders-of-ukraine

Writing: What makes up the Ukrainian identity?

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My country. Let’s go out, let’s see Ukraine

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READING: Easter https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/free-resources/general/magazine-zone/easter

LISTENING+ tasks: The History of Easter: https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/festivals/easter/video/videoquiz.html

ONLINE SEARCH PUZZLE: EASTER https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/festivals/easter/word-search.html

GRAMMAR: Verb + object + to-infinitive

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/verb-object-infinitive-gerund/

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Easter is the most important festival of the year for most Christians and a holiday for many others. Read on to find out more about it.

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READING+tasks

England: https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/study-break/magazine-zone/england

Wales: https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/study-break/magazine-zone/wales

Scotland: https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/study-break/magazine-zone/scotland

Northern Ireland: https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/study-break/magazine-zone/northern-ireland

VIDEO: Countryside is GREAT Part 1+tasks: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/video-series/britain-great/countryside-great-part-1

Countryside is GREAT Part 2+tasks: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/video-series/britain-great/countryside-great-part-2

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England is the biggest of the four countries in the United Kingdom. Together with Scotland and Wales, these three countries are the island of Great Britain. The English Channel is in the south between England and France. People travel to France by ferry across the English Channel or by train through the Channel Tunnel which goes under the sea.

Over 50 million people live in England and that's around 80 per cent of the total UK population. It is a multicultural country where more than 250 languages are spoken in the capital city, London. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, which means that there is a queen or king but they don't make the laws of the country. Laws and political decisions in England are made by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Houses of Parliament are in central London next to the River Thames and the most famous part is the clock tower, Big Ben.

Other large cities in England are Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds and Bristol. Outside cities, England is a very green country and has many rural areas of natural beauty such as the Lake District, an area with lots of lakes in the north, and the New Forest, a big area of forest in the south of the country.

Language

The official language of England is English, which is spoken today by millions of people all over the world. Many students go to England from other countries to study the language and learn about the culture. Although everyone speaks English, there are many different accents around the country. French was the official language in England between 1066 and 1362, which is why there are many French words and expressions in English such as 'bon voyage' for 'have a good trip' or 'bouquet' for 'a bunch of flowers'.

Music

English people love music. In the summer you can go to music festivals all over the country like those at Glastonbury, Leeds or Reading. Glastonbury is a five-day festival of music, dance, comedy, theatre and circus and around 175,000 people go. Many people stay at the festivals for a few days and camp in tents. People listen to all types of music, especially pop and rock. England has produced many international groups and singers like the Beatles, Amy Winehouse, Coldplay, Ed Sheeran and Adele.

Sport

The most popular sports in England are football, rugby and cricket and most towns have a sports ground where teams can play. English football teams like Manchester United, Chelsea and Liverpool are world-famous and English football players include David Beckham, Wayne Rooney and Harry Kane. Women's football is also popular and teams play in leagues and competitions all over the country. Every year, the English rugby union team play in the Six Nations Championship against Wales, Scotland, Ireland, France and Italy. Cricket is a traditional sport played with a bat and ball which began in England and is now played all over the world. People like to watch all these sports on television, as well as other sports like horse racing, tennis, snooker (a type of billiards) and motor racing.

Food

England is a very multicultural country and this has a big influence on the food people eat. Indian, Chinese and Italian cuisines are popular alternatives to traditional English food like fish and chips, roast beef or sausage and mash (mashed potatoes). Many English people drink several cups of tea every day, usually with milk. However, coffee and herbal teas are also popular.

Symbols

The national flag of England is white with a red cross. It is called the St George's Cross and Saint George is the patron saint of England. St George's Day is on 23 April, but it's not a public holiday. The rose is the national flower of England and the lion is the national animal. The lion is a symbol of many English sports teams.

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What's the difference between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? What's the best English music festival? And do English people really drink a lot of tea? Read about England and find out!

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VIDEO: Truly American Holidays https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktDFBHv9Y8A
Listening Comprehension: Groundhog Day https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/the-usa/groundhog-day/groundhog-day-video-quiz.html
Word Search Puzzle: US Independence Day https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics7july/independence-day/independence-day-wordsearch.html
Reading+tasks: Memorial Day https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics5may/memorialday/memorial-day-reading-activity.html
Presentation: American Holidays

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Listening comprehension: Detroit

Listening comprehension +tasks: https://www.esolcourses.com/content/topics/folklore/superstitions/pre-intermediate/american-superstitions-listening-lesson.html

Crossword Puzzle: Famous North American Cities https://www.esolcourses.com/content/exercises/crosswords/places/american-cities-esl-crossword.html

VIDEO: Learn Real-Life English: What Poverty in America Looks Like https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ngiMhKaEo0

Presentation: US Cities

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Detroit - B1+ English listening test - Test-English

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English upper-intermediate listening test. B2.1 listening test. Cities. Watch a video about Detroit and choose the correct answers.

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Ukrainian Performing Arts: Theatre, Ballet, Cinema, Dancing, Singing, Opera.

Ukrainian Institute: Performing Arts https://ui.org.ua/en/news-en/news-performing-arts-en/

Ukrainian Institute: UKRAINIAN PERFORMERS AT WAR

https://ui.org.ua/en/stories/performing-arts-en/

VIDEO: Grand Kyiv Ballet sharing Ukraine's dance culture with the world https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=PDgnuRja_cw&ab_channel=ABCNewsIn-depth

VIDEO: Ukrainian identity and culture on the example of Ukrainian composers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pi9RrCU_pHA&ab_channel=TarasDemchyshynconductor

VIDEO: Bandura: The traditional Ukrainian instrumenthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcrRlIR9_Ew&ab_channel=ABCArts

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Strengthening the international and domestic subjectivity of Ukraine by means of cultural diplomacy

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GRAMMAR:   online https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/relative-clauses/

Video: Odesa enduring hybrid war despite Black Sea ceasefire https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2VHzethMMQ&ab_channel=TRTWorld

Everyday life in the war-torn city of Kharkiv https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hbQ14MfAsY&ab_channel=DWDocumentary

PODCAST: Will ‘Peace Talks’ with Russia Really End the War? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBt2TxAEQtg

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Defining vs non-defining

There are two types of relative clauses, defining and non-defining. In the grammar chart below, you can see the main differences between them.

Relative pronouns

Relative pronouns are the words that introduce relative clauses. They can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause.

Note that that can be used in informal English instead of who/whom/which but it is never used after commas, i.e. in non-defining relative clauses, or after prepositions.

We use which/that as relative pronouns. They refer back to a noun or sentence.

We don't use what as a relative pronoun. It cannot be used to refer back to a sentence or noun.

We use what independently to mean 'the thing/s that'.

Prepositions in relative clauses

When the relative pronoun is the complement of a preposition, we can use the preposition before the relative pronoun or at the end of the relative clause.

Preposition + relative pronoun

It's not very common to use prepositions before relative pronouns, we just do it in formal language.

Note that after a preposition we can only use the pronouns whom or which. We cannot use who or that after a preposition.

We can also use whose after a preposition.

Preposition at the end of the relative clause

The most common position of the preposition is at the end of the relative clause.

Relative adverbs

Relative adverbs introduce relative clauses, just like relative pronouns, but in this case, they are used to introduce information about time ( when), place ( where), or reason ( why).

Note that we can use a preposition + which instead of a relative adverb, although this structure is more formal and not as common.

Quantifier + of which/whom

In non-defining relative clauses (=between commas), we can use of which/whom after a quantifier such as some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many and few.

Their daughters, both of whom are in university, don't visit them very often.

Their house was full of cats, most of which had been found in the street.

We can also use a quantifier + of whose.

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Relative clauses - defining and non-defining - Test-English

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Relative clauses. Defining and non-defining relative clauses. Relative pronouns with preposition, relative adverbs. Advanced English grammar exercises.

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LISTENING: A STUDY TRIP TO the UK

VIDEO+tasks: English is GREAT - Part 1 https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/video-series/britain-is-great/english-is-great-part-1

English is GREAT - Part 2 https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/video-series/britain-is-great/english-is-great-part-2

Literature is GREAT - Part 1
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/video-series/britain-is-great/literature-is-great-part-1

Literature is GREAT - Part 2

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/video-series/britain-is-great/literature-is-great-part-2

GRAMMAR: Oxford Practice Grammar, Unit 60

Presentation: Four Nations of the UK

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Listen to Ella talking about some of the most memorable moments from a study trip to the UK.

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Reading+ tasks: Travelling and tourism in the UK

https://www.esolcourses.com/ielts/uk-tourism/uk-tourism-academic-ielts-lesson-page-1.html

LISTENING TEST: LONDON SIGHTSEEING
https://test-english.com/listening/a2/london-sightseeing-listening-test/
Listening+tasks: St Paul's Cathedral

https://www.esolcourses.com/content/lifeintheuk/london/st-pauls-cathedral/pre-intermediate-listening-lesson.html

Grammar: Oxford Practice Grammar 63-64

TEST 12 Verb + to-infinitive or ing-form (Units 60-64)

WRITING: Практичний курс англійської мови. 2-й курс. Unit 1. Lesson 1. Ex. 19, pp 19

Presentation: London sights

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READING: Best 10 London attractions

Reading+words: Практичний курс англійської мови. 2 курс. Unit 1. Lesson 1. Part 1: pp. 14-18

LISTENING + tasks:

Living in London https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/audio-zone/living-in-london

The City of London
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/study-break/video-series/word-on-the-street/the-city-of-london

Green tourism in London https://www.esolcourses.com/content/lifeintheuk/london/green-london/upper-intermediate-listening-lesson.html

Grammar: Infinitive and -ing forms
advanced level test 2

https://www.englishtestsonline.com/gerunds-and-infinitives-advanced-level-mcqs-test-with-answers-2/
advanced level test 3 https://www.englishtestsonline.com/gerunds-and-infinitives-advanced-level-mcqs-test-with-answers-3/

advanced level test 4: ttps://www.englishtestsonline.com/gerunds-and-infinitives-advanced-level-test-quiz-online-exercise-with-answers-4/

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10 unmissable London attractions to visit in 2023 and 2024

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Discover places to visit in London with top tourist attractions and London landmarks such as Buckingham Palace and free attractions such as the British Museum.

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READING: 9 Best Parks in London

VIDEO: 5 GORGEOUS London Parks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxme8js_U94

Reading comprehension: Kew Gardens+tests https://www.esolcourses.com/ielts/kew-gardens/kew-gardens-academic-ielts-lesson-page-1.html

LISTENING: Two Americans living in London https://test-english.com/listening/a2/two-americans-living-in-london-listening-test/

GRAMMAR: Gerunds and infinitives – complex forms https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/gerunds-infinitives-complex-forms/

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London has no shortage of parks, with approximately 3,000 green spaces within the boroughs. Several, like Greenwich Park, are home to historic buildings and old traditions, while others, like the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, have state-of-the-art facilities.

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Reading: IELTS integrated tests: https://www.esolcourses.com/ielts/uk-tourism/uk-tourism-academic-ielts-lesson-page-1.html

Reading+skimming: City breaks in North West England

https://www.esolcourses.com/content/reading/travel-and-tourism/city-breaks-reading-quiz.html

Listening Comprehension: Bath: listening+quiz https://www.esolcourses.com/content/lifeintheuk/bath/videoquiz.html

The Museum of Liverpool: listening+quiz https://www.esolcourses.com/content/lifeintheuk/liverpool/liverpool-museum.html

Grammar: Verbs followed by '-ing' or by 'to' + infinitive 2 https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/intermediate-to-upper-intermediate/verbs-followed-by-ing-or-by-to-infinitive-2

PRESENTATION: British Cities

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Практичний курс англійської мови. 2 курс: Lesson 4. Part 1, pp 65-69. Ex. 12, 18 - written.

IELTS Listening test:  Worldbridges Travel Agency Ltd. Enquiry form

READING: Hotel leaflet
https://test-english.com/reading/b1/hotel-leaflet/

Active Villagers
https://test-english.com/reading/b1/active-villagers/

Listening test: https://www.examenglish.com/IELTS/IELTS_listening_test3_part1.htm

Reading: Egypt travel guide

https://test-english.com/reading/b2/egypt-travel-guide/

B2 Reading Test: FINDING CALM IN CITIES https://test-english.com/reading/b2/finding-calm-in-cities-b2-english-reading-test/

Writing: An email giving holiday advice https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/writing/intermediate-b1/an-email-giving-holiday-advice

PRESENTATION: CITIES of the WORLD

Grammar: Modals : Speculation and deduction: Modal verbs and expressions https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/speculation-deduction/

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ielts  exam practice english language elt efl grammar listening structure cambridge business exercises

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IELTS Listening test, part 2 - Free practice

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Listen to a dialogue about property development and answer the questions

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READING: London's Best Museums

VIDEO: Ultimate Guide to LONDON'S Best MUSEUMS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_F2Y1ZiLRo

VIDEO: A day around London

https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/study-break/youtubers/day-around-london

Listening +tasks: The TOWER OF LONDON https://www.esolcourses.com/content/lifeintheuk/london/the-tower-of-london/intermediate-lesson-activities.html

Listening Comprehension: London transport
https://test-english.com/listening/a2/london-transport-listening-test/

London Underground

https://www.esolcourses.com/content/lifeintheuk/london/the-tube/london-underground-intermediate-listening.html

PRESENTATION: LONDON Museums

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Jason Friend, Getty Images

London is rich in art, history and culture. Immerse yourself in all 3, and visit the vibrant, diverse museums located in the UK's capital city. For history buffs, visit the Imperial War Museum. For the art aficionado, check out the art at Tate Modern. And for the sports fan, explore the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Museum. There's something for everyone at one of London's 12 must-see museums.

Founded in 1753, the British Museum's remarkable collection spans over 2 million years of human history, with more than13 million pieces in its collection. Visitors can enjoy a unique comparison of the treasures of world cultures under one roof, centered on the magnificent Great Court. World-famous objects such as the Rosetta Stone, Parthenon sculptures and Egyptian mummies are visited by up to 5.8 million visitors per year. There is also a program of special exhibitions and daily gallery tours, talks and guided tours.

2. Tate Modern
Britain's national museum of modern and contemporary art from around the world is housed in the former Bankside Power Station on the banks of the Thames. The awe-inspiring Turbine Hall runs the length of the entire building, and you can see amazing work for free by artists such as Cézanne, Bonnard, Matisse, Picasso, Rothko, Dalí, Pollock, Warhol and Bourgeois.

3. The Natural History Museum
The Natural History Museum contains hundreds of exciting, interactive exhibits in one of London's most beautiful landmark buildings. Highlights include the popular Dinosaurs gallery, the Mammals gallery, with its unforgettable model blue whale, and the spectacular Central Hall, home to the museum's iconic diplodocus skeleton. The state-of-the-art Cocoon building is where, on a self-guided tour, you can see hundreds of fascinating specimens, as well as look into laboratories and view scientists at work. The museum offers a wide-ranging program of temporary exhibitions and events, including chances to join experts in topical discussions about science and nature.

The National Gallery displays Western European painting from approximately 1250 to 1900. Visitors can view amazing works by Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Rembrandt, Gainsborough, Turner, Renoir, Cezanne and van Gogh. There are special exhibitions, lectures, video and audio-visual programs, guided tours and holiday events for children and adults.

5. The Victoria and Albert Museum
The Victoria and Albert Museum is arguably the world's greatest museum of art and design, representing over 3,000 years of human creativity, with collections unrivaled in their scope and diversity. Situated in South Kensington, the V&A has recently undergone a dramatic program of renewal and restoration. Highlights include the Medieval Renaissance Galleries, containing some of the greatest surviving treasures from the period, the breathtaking William and Judith Bollinger Jewelry Gallery and the stunning British Galleries, illustrating the history of Britain through the nation's art and design. In addition to the free permanent collection, the V&A offers an internationally acclaimed program of temporary exhibitions and an extensive events program.

6. The London Science Museum
The London Science Museum displays life-changing objects from Stephenson's Rocket to the Apollo 10 command module. Visitors can catch an immersive 3D movie, fly with the RAF Red Arrows in a special-effects simulator, and even encounter the past, present and future of technology in 7 floors of galleries.

7. The Charles Dickens Museum
The year, 2012, marks the bicentenary of Charles Dickens' birth. The Charles Dickens Museum is located in the building he lived in from 1837 to 1839, with an outstanding collection that includes letters, pictures, first editions, furniture, memorabilia and lovingly restored rooms. There are also temporary exhibitions celebrating the bicentenary throughout 2012.

8. Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Museum
The Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Museum provides a remarkable, multidimensional tour of the traditions, triumphs, sights and sounds that have made Wimbledon the most coveted title in tennis. Visitors can explore the game's evolution from a garden party pastime to the multi-million dollar professional sport played worldwide today. The museum uses interactive touchscreens and audio guides to bring the history of tennis to life.

9. Royal Museums Greenwich
In 2012, the National Maritime Museum, the Queen's House, the Royal Observatory and the Peter Harrison Planetarium joined together under a new name: the Royal Museums Greenwich. Located in the beautiful World Heritage Site of Greenwich, these 4 top attractions welcome thousands of people each year. Visitors can stand in 2 hemispheres astride the Prime Meridian, touch a 4.5 billion-year-old meteorite, view Harrison's timekeepers and Nelson's uniform, before traveling to the stars in London's only planetarium. In 2012 the National Maritime Museum is celebrating both the Queen's Diamond Jubilee and its own 75th anniversary with a major exhibition about royalty and London's River Thames.

10. The National Portrait Gallery
The National Portrait Gallery is home to the world's largest collection of personalities and faces, from the late Middle Ages to the present day. Artists featured range from Holbein to Hockney, and visitors are able to come face to face with British history's most influential people in the form of paintings, sculptures, photography and video. The National Portrait Gallery has a diverse range of exhibitions, free events and a rooftop restaurant with breathtaking views across the London skyline. www.npg.org.uk

The Museum of London offers an unforgettable journey through the capital's turbulent past. Visitors can discover prehistoric London, how the city changed under the Romans and Saxons, wonder at medieval London and examine the years when London was ravaged by civil wars, plague and fire. The Galleries of Modern London allow visitors to walk the streets of Victorian London, take a stroll in recreated pleasure gardens and marvel at the magnificent Lord Mayor's Coach.

The Imperial War Museum tells the stories of people's experiences of war from World War I to the present day. The galleries depict what life was like during both world wars, at home and abroad, from a frontline trench to a blitzed street in 1940. The Large Exhibits Gallery shows the impact of modern warfare on people and places. The Holocaust Exhibition traces the Nazi persecution and murder of Jews, and the extraordinary stories of bravery behind Victoria Cross and George Cross in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery.

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Jason Friend, Getty Images London is rich in art, history and culture. Immerse yourself in all 3, and visit the vibrant, diverse museums located in the UK's capital city. For history buffs, visit the Imperial War Museum. For the art aficionado, check out the art at Tate Modern.

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Ecotourism and Green tourism

20-semtence summary (English+Ukranian) of "What is Ecotourism"

LISTENING : Ecotourism and Green tourism

READING+DISCUSSION: Why should we recycle?

LISTENING: Climate Change https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/study-break/video-zone/eddsworld-climate-change

Presentation: Ecotourism and green tourism

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Vocabulary: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/vocabulary/b1-b2-vocabulary/air-travel

Exercises: Air travel https://test-english.com/vocabulary/b1-b2/air-travel-b1-b2-english-vocabulary/

Listening: Air travel experiences https://test-english.com/listening/b1-b2/air-travel-experiences-b1-english-listening-test/

Listening Test: Teen who survived plane crash

https://test-english.com/listening/b1-b2/teen-survived-plane-crash/

Listening comprehension: The future of airport security

https://test-english.com/listening/b2/future-airport-security/

READING: How to Plan a Road Trip: https://travelzone.bestwestern.com/how-to-plan-a-road-trip/?gad_source=2&gad_campaignid=23232131276&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIvNH41dnEkgMVOpGDBx2N1h9tEAEYASAAEgKahvD_BwE

GRAMMAR: MODAL VERBS-permission, obligation, prohibition, necessity https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/modal-verbs-permission-obligation-prohibition-necessity/

Can, could, be able to: Ability and possibility https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/can-could-be-able-to/

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Air travel experiences - B1+ English listening test - Test-English

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Boost your English listening skills with this Upper-intermediate test on Air Travel Experiences. Answer feedback and transcript are included.

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Vocabulary+tasks:

English Vocabulary in Use advanced:  roads and transport

VOCABULARY: Streets and Roads

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/vocabulary/intermediate-to-upper-intermediate/streets-and-roads

CARS, ROADS AND TRAFFIC: https://test-english.com/vocabulary/b2/car-b2-english-vocabulary/

Listening: Catching up after a trip
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening/c1-listening/catching-up-after-a-trip

Use of English: The Potential for Electric Vehicles

https://test-english.com/use-of-english/b2/b2-english-test-7-text-with-multiple-choice-gaps/

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Do these exercises to learn words related to cars.

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English for translators and philologists textbook by Vozna

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English for translators and philologists textbook by Vozna

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AIR TRAVEL: words+ exercises https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/vocabulary/b1-b2-vocabulary/air-travel

VOCABULARY: road trips advanced (copies)

READING: World Walker: https://test-english.com/reading/b1-b2/world-walker-reading-test/

TEST: ways of travelling

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Do the exercises to improve your vocabulary for air travel.

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Практичний курс англійської мови. 2 курс. Intermediate, Підручник для студентів другого курсу (філологічні спеціальності та спеціальність “Переклад”) – Черноватий Л. М., Набокова Ю. І.

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Практичний курс англійської мови. 2 курс. Intermediate, Підручник для студентів другого курсу (філологічні спеціальності та спеціальність “Переклад”) – Черноватий Л. М., Набокова Ю. І.

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Практичний курс англійської мови. 2 курс. Intermediate, Підручник для студентів другого курсу вищих закладів освіти (філологічні спеціальності та спеціальність "Переклад") - Google Play

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Вперше у практиці видання подібних підручників його зміст та структура відповідають рекомендаціям Ради Європи та орієнтовані на Кембріджські тести. Автори намагалися врахувати новітні досягнення філології та методики навчання іноземних мов.

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Zoom is the leader in modern enterprise video communications, with an easy, reliable cloud platform for video and audio conferencing, chat, and webinars across mobile, desktop, and room systems. Zoom Rooms is the original software-based conference room solution used around the world in board, conference, huddle, and training rooms, as well as executive offices and classrooms. Founded in 2011, Zoom helps businesses and organizations bring their teams together in a frictionless environment to get more done. Zoom is a publicly traded company headquartered in San Jose, CA.