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A tarsier has traits from which two suborders of primates?
prosimian and haplorrhine

What makes tarsiers different from all other primates?
completely carnivorous

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ONE TRUE SYNAPOMORPHY:
petrosally derived auditory bulla
Traits Characterizing Primates

1. grasping hands and feet

2. postorbital bar

3. nails instead of claws

4. large brains (encephalization)

5. diurnal (active during day)

6. group living (social learning)

7. stereoscopic vision/binocular vision

8. single births

9. long lives

10. slow maturity

11. pendulous penis

12. paired nipples

13. limb mobility (clavicle)

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1. mobile ears

2. larger snouts (reliance on smell)

3. postorbital bar

4. small brains

5. bicornate uterus (multiple births)

6. wet noses

7. tooth comb

8. grooming claw

9. tapetum lucidum

10. nocturnal

11. large eyes

12. lacrimal bone outside of the eye

13. unfused frontal bone and mandible

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1. fixed ears

2. smaller snouts (reduced sense of smell)

3. postorbital closure

4. large brains

5. uterus simplex (single births)

6. dry noses

7. no tooth comb

8. no grooming claw

9. retinal fovea

10. diurnal

11. small eyes

12. lacrimal bone inside of the eye

13. fused frontal and mandible

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Where are ring-tailed lemurs found?
- Madagascar

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What is interesting about lorises?
- venomous saliva

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1. dental formula: 2-1-3-3

2. ectotypmanic ring

3. round nasal openings

4. zygomatic to parietal contact (ZIPPY)

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1. dental formula: 2-1-2-3

2. ectotympanic tube

3. rectangular nasal openings

4.  frontal to sphenoid contact (FUSSY)

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What is so interesting about tamarins and marmosets?
- polyandrous
- twins
- genetic chimerism
- claws instead of nails

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Which of these anthropoid primates are nocturnal?
- Owl monkeys

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What is unique about the social system of Titi monkeys?
- monogamous + sing duets

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What is unique about the tails of spider monkeys?
- prehensile tails

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1. bilophodont molars

2. long lumbar

3. tails

4. narrow noses

5. small cranial vault

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1. Y-5 molars

2. short lumbar

3. no tails

4. broad noses

5. large cranial vault

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1. leaf eating

2. narrow maxillary incisors

3. high cusp & blade-like molars

4. broad inter-orbital region

5. complex stomachs

6. longer legs and tails

What anatomical adaptations do leaf-eating colobine monkeys have for deriving nutritional content from leaves?
- complex stomachs, extra saliva, high cusp molars

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1. fruit eating

2. broad maxillary incisors

3. flat molars

4. narrow inter-orbital region

5. cheek pouches

6. similar arms and legs

What function do cheek pouches serve in Old World Primates?
- defense mechanism to protect food from others in group