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USES
Ability (present)
Suggestion (informal)
Request (informal)
Ask for permission (informal)

EXAMPLE

1. Aslan can play videogames tonight.

2. You can get in my house.

3. I have some free time. I can help her now.

4. Can I borrow your pen please?

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USE
It is used to recommend doing something and to affirm if we think that something is as it should be or not.

give advice or make recommendations

talk about obligation

talk about probability and expectation

express the conditional mood

replace a subjunctive structure

EXAMPLE

1. You should see the new James Bond movie. It's great!

2. You should try to lose weight.

3. John should get a haircut.

4. He shouldn't smoke. And he should stop drinking too.

5. What should I wear?

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A modal is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express: ability, possibility, permission or obligation. Modal phrases (or semi-modals) are used to express the same things as modals, but are a combination of auxiliary verbs and the preposition to. The modals and semi-modals in English are:

1. Can/could/be able to

2. May/might

3. Shall/should

4. Must/have to

5. Will/would

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Hey! Can you help me?
Excuse me sir, would you please help me?

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Uses: Certain that something is impossible
Example: Alex can't make donuts

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USES
Ability(past)
Request (more polite)
Suggestion (more polite)
Ask for permission (more polite)

EXAMPLE

1. People could do so much more for their community.

2. I couldn’t have said it better myself.

3. We could have left the party earlier.

4. The girl was crying because she couldn’t find her parents.

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USE
to talk about ability

EXAMPLE

1. I was able to drive...

2. I will be able to drive...

3. I have been able to drive...

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Have the same uses but when the action is negative

EXAMPLE
My grandmother couldn't speak Spanish.

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USE
It is used in affirmative or negative sentences, always followed by an infinitive verb to express probability in the future, and at the beginning of the questions to ask permission with a certain education.

EXAMPLE

1. He may have been

2. She might tell us what happened if we ask her.

3. It might rain this afternoon.

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1. I may way watch a movie tonight.
2. Cheryl may be at home, or perhaps at work.
3. Jack may have been upset. I couldn't really tell if he was annoyed or tired.

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We do NOT use Might to give permission.

1. You may open the window if you become hot.

2. You may take a brochure if you like.

3. You may leave the room once you have finished the test.

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1. May is used in academic (or scientific) language to refer to things that typically happen in certain situations.

2. Drivers may feel tired if they do not take a break every 2 hours.

3. Adults may find it difficult to sleep if they use technology before going to bed.

4. These tablets may produce serious side effects if not taken in the correct dosage.

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1. We can use May not to NOT give permission or to PROHIBIT someone from doing something.

2. You may not park your car in front of the gate.  (No, it is not permitted)

3. You may not leave the room without permission.

4. You may not take photos inside the museum. (It is prohibited)

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When expressing wishes, only May is used.

1. May you both live a long and happy life together.

2. May the New Year bring you love and happiness.

3. May all your wishes come true.

4. May the Force be with you.

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USE
We use must to indicate duty or obligation to do something; we could translate it as having to or duty.

EXAMPLE

1. She must have lots of friends.

2. He must be out late every night or maybe he works at night.

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1. Look at all that snow. It must be cold outside.
2. I heard a noise upstairs. Mary must be home.

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1. Plants must have light and water to grow.
2. You must study if you want good grades.

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1. We must get together for dinner soon.
2. These cupcakes are yummy. You must try one.

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USE
It is important that you do NOT do something.

EXAMPLE

1. You mustn't do your homework.

2. You mustn’t arrive at time for class.

3. We mustn't wear our school uniform.

😈😈😈

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USE
In general, have to expresses impersonal obligation. The subject of have to is obliged or forced to act by a separate, external power (for example, the Law or school rules). Have to is objective

EXAMPLE

1. I must stop smoking.

2. You must visit us soon.

3. He must work harder.

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EXAMPLE
1. You have to be back home at 10 o'clock
2. You have to be careful what you say on telly.

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USE
Something which is not necessary.
EXAMPLE

1. You don’t have to come to school on sundays.

2. We don’t have to watch this movie.

3. She doesn’t have to learn your language.

4. They don’t have to waer a suit.

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USE
Use "need to" to express that something is important for you to do. This form is often used for something that is important one time, rather than referring to a responsibility or duty.

EXAMPLE

1. She needs to go to Seattle next week.

2. Do you need to get up early tomorrow?

3. I need to spend more time with my children because I've been so busy lately.

4. We need to focus on getting new business this month

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USE

1. They should fix this road.

2. They should have more staff in this shop.

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1. Mary should be at home now. Give her a call.

2. He should have the letter by now. I sent it a couple of weeks ago.

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1. You should have given your boss the report.

2. I should have studied more, but I was too tired.

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USE
Ought to is a semi-modal verb because it is in some ways like a modal verb and in some ways like a main verb. For example, unlike modal verbs, it is followed by to, but like modal verbs, it does not change form for person

EXAMPLE
We ought to do more exercise

Ought to cannot be used with another modal verb:

Medicine ought to be free.

Not: Medicine ought to can be free. or Medicine can ought to be free.

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1. Sometimes implies moral obligation.
2. Usually not used in the negative.

EXAMPLE

1. I ought to have spoken up earlier. I’m sorry.

2. You ought to have offered to help.

3. They ought to have told us what to expect.

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USE
We use had better to refer to the present or the future, to talk about actions we think people should do or which are desirable in a specific situation. The verb form is always had, not have. We normally shorten it to ’d better in informal situations.

EXAMPLE

1. It’s five o’clock. I’d better go now before the traffic gets too bad.

2. Not: I’d better to go now.

3. The democratic movement had better concentrate on the immediate issues of the economy and security. (more formal)

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USE
"Will" is a modal verb used with promises or voluntary actions that take place in the future. "Will" can also be used to make predictions about the future. For more information on using "will" and associated exercises, visit the Simple Future section of our Verb Tense Tutorial

EXAMPLE

2. I promise that I will write you every single day. promise

3. I will make dinner tonight. voluntary action

4. He thinks it will rain tomorrow. prediction

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We use modals of request when we ask someone to do something or when we want something.

EXAMPLE

Will you pass me the salt?

We put please after the subject or at the end of a sentence to make any request more polite.

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USE
Technically, would is the past tense of will, but it is an auxiliary verb that has many uses, some of which even express the present tense.

EXAMPLES

1. I wouldn't eat that if I were you.

2. If I were in your place I'd refuse.

3. If you asked me I would say you should go.