# data[].attributes.body
> more in farms that never emptied - unable to survive long
> 40-50% loss of prod. in layers.
> infection - may due to weight loss and low FCR

# data[].attributes.body
Infectious Coryza
> conjunctivitis, oculonasal d'charge, face edema, sneezing, swelling of infraorbital sinuses
> by Haemophilus/ Avibacterium paragallinarum
> G-
> infect all ages

# data[].attributes.body
> vaccination :

wing web or rub vaccine at thigh

immunity delevop 10-14 days

check take 7-10 days after vac.

# data[].attributes.body
> C/S
> Pox lesion
> H&E - eosinophilic cytoplasmic IB
> CAM - diffuse/focal pox lesion

# data[].attributes.body
> mild - severe respi signs
> cutaneous - scabs
> diptheritic - plaques in respi tract

# data[].attributes.body
> via open skin
> mechanical - mosquitoes, biting insects

# data[].attributes.body
Fowl pox
> pox virus
> env. dsDNA
> dry pox - cutaneous
> wet pox - diptheritic from

# data[].attributes.body
> avoid add healthy (vaccinated, recovered) into susceptible --> rolling effect
> vaccination - c'ken embryo & tissue culture origin

# data[].attributes.body
> Histo - Syncytial cells, intranuclear IB (Pathognomonic - early phase)
> FAT - tracheal epith.
> isolation - CAM
> demonstration of viral ag

# data[].attributes.body
> haemorrhages
> trachea & larynx - blood clots, mucous exudates, tracheal plug

# data[].attributes.body
> acute :

dyspnea, cough, sneeze, loss appetite

inspiratory - extend neck

expiratory - blood exudates

> mild :

lacrimation, nasal d'charge, swelling infraorbital sinuses

red. egg prod

# data[].attributes.body
> direct contact - inhalation/conjuctival
> mecha

# data[].attributes.body
> protect against all strains
> site - respi tract (trachea)
> may result in persistent infection with life-long intermittent shedding

# data[].attributes.body
Infectious Laryngotracheitis
> Gallidherpesvirus type 1
> dsDNA

# data[].attributes.body
> strict mngmnt
> vaccination

live

inactivated oil vaccine

# data[].attributes.body
> ND
> ILT
> I

# data[].attributes.body
> ELISA
> IF
> Immunodiffusion
> HI + neuraminidase
> VNT

# data[].attributes.body
> Ag detection-immunoflourescence techn.
> virus isolation - sample - trachea, lungs, kidney, oviduct, ceacal tonsil, air sacs.
> VNT, HI RT-PCR

# data[].attributes.body
> trachea & bronchi - thickened mucosa n submcosa (edema)
> Kidney - acute interstitial nephritis & tubular nec

# data[].attributes.body
> tracheal, nasal , sinuses - serous/ exudates - inflammation
> air sacs cloudy - yellow exudates
> pneumonia - dilated bronchi
> kidney - swollen & pale, tubules distended w/ urates -> acute nephritis

# data[].attributes.body
> Respi - cough, sneeze, nasal d'charge
> red. egg prod & quality - mishapen, soft shelled, watery albumin
> depressed, wet feces, increased drinking

# data[].attributes.body
18-36 hrs - depend of route, dose

# data[].attributes.body
> Aerosol
> contamination of equipment
> carrier birds

# data[].attributes.body
> C'ken embryos - 10-11 days
> Turkey embryos
> Organ cultures - trachea - ciliostasis
> Cell cultures

CPE

CEK

CK

CEL

# data[].attributes.body
> VNT
> HI
> enzyme immunoassay
> monoclonal AB

# data[].attributes.body
> thermostability - i'tivated @ 56º C 15 mins
> chemical - in'tivated 0.1% beta- propiolactone , 0.1% formalin

# data[].attributes.body
Infectious Bronchitis
- Corona Virus
- Env. RNA
- 3 specific protein - M, S, N

# data[].attributes.body
> b'security measures

hygiene - face mask, gloves, boots

kill infected birds- inc. 3-5km radius

disinfect

quarantine

> dz surveillance - monitoring
> vaccination
> antiviral drugs

tamiflu

oseltamivir

neuraminidase inhibitor

# data[].attributes.body
> B'security
> serological surveillance - detection w/ ELISA/ AGID
> Eradication, euthanasia, disposal
> reportable dz

# data[].attributes.body
> w/ lesions - swollen head, cyanotic combs & wattles, h'rrhages in tissues
> HPAI confused with vvNDV, fowl cholera
> LPAI c'fused w/ IBV, ILT, NDV,
> Definitive dx

virus isolation

ELISA

serology

# data[].attributes.body
> ingestion - manure (fecal oral route), contaiminated feed, water, equipment
> inhalation - aerosols, air
> broken contaiminated eggs in incubator
> pigs as IH - act as vessel for mixing and reassortment & generation of strain - potential pandemic

# data[].attributes.body
Depressed & CNS signs

Facial edema

Diarrhea

Bluish comb & cyanosis of skin

Nasal d'charge, e'ssive lacrimation, sinusitis

drop egg prod - mishapen

hemorrhages in tissues - severe, generalised

sudden death

# data[].attributes.body
> antigenic drift - gradual mutation in gene
> antigenic shift - drastic change genetic reassortmen

# data[].attributes.body
> kill >75% 8 weeks old susceptible c'kens
> H7 & H5 that has a.a sequence that compatible with HPAI
> not H5 & H7 but kills 1-5 of 8 inoculated c'kens & grow in cell culture w/o trypsin

# data[].attributes.body
> LPAI
> HPAI

H5 and H7 strains

hemorrhage & edema in tissues -> ddx ND

# data[].attributes.body
Avian Influenza
> Orthomyxovidiae family
- Env. ssRNA

# data[].attributes.body
> Vaccination - humoral, cell-mediated, local immunity
> Good mngment practice
> hygiene
> B'security

# data[].attributes.body
> HA & HI
> VNT  (using ND antiserum)
> Plaque NT
> IFAT
> Immunoperoxidase test
> PCR

# data[].attributes.body
> Respi - conjunctivitis, tracheitis, airsacculitis
> Enteric - hemorrhagic/necrotic lesion in mucosa
> NS - microscopic - neuronal degeneration, PVC

# data[].attributes.body
> Respi - inc. respi, hyperventilate, edema of head & face, eye & nasal d'charge

> Enteric - diarrhoea
> NS - ms tremors, torticollis, opisthotonus (stargazing), paralysis legs wings

> Mortality - 100% in fully susceptible
> General - drop egg prod, weak

# data[].attributes.body
> Inhalation - aerosols
> Ingestion - feces
> Mechanical - equipments, feed

# data[].attributes.body
> Pathogenicity tests - MDT & ICPI
> Plaque formation
> Elution
> Thermostability
> Structural polypeptides
> Oligonucleotides fingerprinting
> Lectin binding
> Antigenicity - VNT, AGID

# data[].attributes.body
> Hemagglutination activity - HN bind to receptor on RBC
> Neuraminidase activity - enzyme act as receptor site to help F protein
> Cell fusion & hemolysis - Hemolysis / fusion with other cell

# data[].attributes.body
Doyle's form - viscerotropic velogenic ND
Beach's form - neutrotropic velogenic ND
Beaudette's form - Mesogenic, 2º live vac.
Hitchner's form - Lentogenic, live vac
Asymptomatic - enteric form - GIT Inf. w/o obvious dz.

# data[].attributes.body
Avian paramyxovirus Type 1

# data[].attributes.body
RED - Respiratory