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- Ruprick. “Totally Obsessed Catman - Fred Willard.” YouTube, YouTube, 7 Mar. 2011, www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKRr94ssnQo.

- “History of Tattoos - Meaning and Origin.” History of Tattoos - Origin and Meaning of Tattoos, www.historyoftattoos.net/.

- The History of Body Modification Around the World, www.fragrancex.com/fragrance-information/the-history-of-body-modification-around-the-world.html.

- SmarterEveryDay. “TATTOOING Close Up (in Slow Motion) - Smarter Every Day 122.” YouTube, YouTube, 24 Sept. 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxLoycj4pJY.

-All That's Interesting. “Noses, Nipples, And Navels: The Surprising History Of Body Piercing.” All That's Interesting, All That's Interesting, 20 Feb. 2019, allthatsinteresting.com/history-of-piercing.

-Seeker. “Why We Pierce Ourselves.” YouTube, YouTube, 15 July 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjaADWvCOyo.

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"Body modification is the deliberate alteration of the body for non-medical reasons such as rites of passage, aesthetic reasons, religious reasons, and to show self expression" - Steve Haworth, a body modification implant specialist.

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"Body modification is the deliberate alteration of the body for non-medical reasons such as rites of passage, aesthetic reasons, religious reasons, and to show self expression" - Steve Haworth, a body modification implant specialist.

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It is relatively believed by archaeologists that piercings were the first form of body modification in all of humanity.
It is thought that piercings started around 3,300 BC.
Ever since I was born I have been around piercings, and people obsessing over them. I had my ears pierced when I turned one year old, and as I grew older my friends and family started getting different parts of their bodies pierced like their noses, and navels.
I believe that piercings are the most common form of body modification as it isn't permanent, and has the least amount of healing time.

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Modifying your body can be done in many ways, more than you would think!
Although Piercings and tattoos are a form of modification, so are things such as scarification, which is when a trained professional makes cuts into your skin in a design so the skin will heal and make a scar in the shape of your preferred pattern. There is also implants, such as breast implants, and also horns, as shown in the photo below.

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Tattoos have been around centuries, and have been a form of art for years.
We have most recently discovered that tattoos have been around for at least
12,000 years.
In Ancient Egypt and India, tattoos were used as a form of healing process, and  was also a symbol of religious worship.
Nowadays, people get tattoos as a way of self expression, and to promote things they love.

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I've linked a website that I found that goes into more detail on the process of scarification, as well as some insight from different surgeons and professionals that deal with body modification.
I found it very interesting how they explained scarification in a way that related it to tattoos and piercings.
-Website-

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Body modification is the deliberate alteration of the body for non-medical reasons such as rites of passage, aesthetic reasons, religious reasons, and to show self expression. Body modification is a term that is generally associated with tattooing and piercing but can also include branding, scarification, surgical implants, and a number of lesser known procedures and practices. Not all types of body modification originated at the same time, while some practices have been around for thousands of years, others have just begun to gain popularity in recent years.

Tattoos are believed to have originated over 10,000 years ago, and the oldest documented tattoo belongs to Otzi the Iceman who died in 3300 B.C and whose body was found in 1991. Tattoos depicting animals and mythical creatures were also found on the mummified bodies of ancient Egyptian people. It is said that some form of tattooing can be found in every inhabited place on Earth but that wasn't always the case. When Christianity began to gain popularity, tattooing was increasingly associated with criminals as well as the pagan religion and were prohibited in Europe by Constantine, the first Christian Roman emperor. By the late eighteenth century, tattoos were no longer prohibited and started to become popular with British sailors and seamen, and then gained even more popularity when King George V got tattooed. King George's tattoo led to a plethora of tattoos among royalty in the nineteenth century. Tattoos have long been used not only as a form of expression but as a form of identification. Nazis tattooed numbers on the arms of Jews during the Holocaust, and the Romans tattooed their slaves and criminals. Despite the grim uses of tattoos of the past, today people generally use tattoos to tell their personal stories and express themselves. Throughout history there have been times that tattoos were thought of as taboo but currently they are becoming more mainstream everyday, and the art of tattooing is ever improving due to the introduction of new techniques and technology.

Body piercing is another popular form of body modification that has been around for thousands of years. Nose piercings were first recorded approximately 4,000 years ago in the Middle East, and are mentioned in the Bible in Genesis 24:22. Sometime in the 16 th century, nose piercing was brought to India from the Middle East. Nose piercings did not appear in the west until the 1960's when hippies traveled to India and brought the trend back to the states. Tongue piercings originated with the ancient Aztecs in the form of a ritual where the tongue was pierced to draw blood for the gods and to create an altered state of consciousness so shamans could communicate with the gods. Lip piercings were also popular among the ancient Aztecs, and were reserved for male members of higher castes. There are also numerous tribes throughout Africa in which pierced lips have a religious signifigance. Tongue piercings are now one of the most popular of all types of piercings. Ear piercings are thought to have originated for magical purposes. Primitive tribes believed that demons and spirits could enter a body through the ear, and these demons and spirits are supposed to be repelled by metal so ears were often pierced. In many societies ear piercing is also done as part of a ritual such as in Borneo where the mother and father each pierce one ear of their child as a symbol that the child depends on their parents. Body piercings, much like tattoos, are becoming more popular with modern culture, and new techniques and procedures are taking the art to a whole new level. Piercers now have the ability to insert surgical implants under the skin, pierce new areas of the body, and perform microdermal anchoring.

Scarification is a form of body modification that is gaining popularity but is not yet as popular or well known as other types of body modifications. Scarification is defined as the creative or artistic application of scars in a controlled environment to achieve a desired result and appearance. Various types of scarification have been practiced for many years in many different tribes throughout the world but have only recently begun to gain popularity in the west. The goal of scarification is to get a raised scar called a keloid scar, which gives the design a three dimensional appearance. Scarification is most often times used as a rite of passage whether it be during a tribal ceremony, or a personal experience. There are various types of scarifications and different procedures are used to achieve different results. Branding is a type of scarification in which heated metal is applied to the skin to create a serious burn which eventually becomes a scar. While scarification is growing in popularity, it is still not a well known procedure and should be performed by a qualified artist.

The art of body modification has a long and fascinating history and the art is unlikely to fade away anytime soon. Modifications such as piercings and tattoos are becoming more mainstream and acceptable everyday, and the artists that perform these modifications are constantly learning new techniques and becoming more skilled at their crafts. Body modification artists are constantly working on new modifications that range from simple and mainstream to extreme and often times taboo, much like tattoos and piercings were at various times throughout history. It will be interesting to see if new extreme modifications will become more acceptable over time just like tattoos have.

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The History of Body Modification Around the World

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Body modification is the deliberate alteration of the body for non-medical reasons such as rites of passage, aesthetic reasons, religious reasons, and to show self expression. Body modification is a term that is generally associated with tattooing and piercing but can also include branding, scarification, surgical implants, and a number of lesser known procedures and practices.

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Please take a look at this website on tattoos, and see just how tattoos have been used over the years, as well as the meanings of tattoos to different religions.
-Website-

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Tattooing is an art form and form of body modification where a pigment is inserted into a skin to change its color permanently. It is a very old tradition and today is more popular and socially acceptable than ever.

Brief History of Tattoos

An evidence that prehistoric people knew and practiced tattooing are tools that were discovered in France, Portugal, and Scandinavia. These tools are at least 12,000 years old and were used for tattooing. Oldest surviving tattoos are the ones found Ötzi the Iceman, mummy found in the Ötz valley in the Alps and dating from the 5th to 4th millennium BC. We also know that Germanic and Celtic tribes also tattooed themselves. Mummy of Amunet from ancient Egypt and the mummies at Pazyryk, Siberia, (dating from the end of the 2nd millennium BC), that we found also have tattoos on them. So tattoos were known around the world very early in human history.

Ancient Egypt and India used tattoos as methods of healing and as methods of religious worship. They were also marks of a status in a society but also a punishment. Tattoos in Philippines were marks of the rank and accomplishments and people there believed that they have magical properties.

When Christianity appeared, tattooing was considered a barbaric tradition and it slowly faded in Europe to return with transoceanic travels in 16th. Travelers like Sir Martin Frobisher, William Dampier, and Captain James Cook brought home with them indigenous people from places they visited and they were often tattooed. At first, tattooing was "reserved" for sailors and lower classes but in time, as tattoo artists became more and more proficient, tattooing became hobby of aristocracy which had money to pay high prices of professionals. As the tattooing became cheaper it again was seen as a mark of a lower class. It stayed like that until 1960s and the hippie movement when it slowly entered mainstream changing from deviant behavior to acceptable form of self-expression. It became so mainstream that even Mattel started selling barbie dolls with tattoos. People of both sexes, of all economic classes, and of all ages wear tattoos if they want so. In 2000 15% of Americans had tattoos.

The world record holder in number of tattoos is Gregory Paul McLaren whose skin is 100% covered with tattoos. After him comes Tom Leppard born 1934. His skin is covered with tattoos "only" 99.9%.

Hepatitis was a big problem after the Second World War and many places banned tattooing. Some places didn't lift the ban until relatively recently.

The most effective way of tattoo removal today is laser removal. Laser breaks large pigment particles into smaller so a body can absorb them and rid of them in a natural way.

Ancient Greeks and Romans tattooed their slaves and criminals so they could be easier to identify if the escape. Chinese also tattooed their criminals.

If a tattoo ink has metals there is a rare chance that it will become hot during MRI tests.

George C. Reiger Jr has a special permission from Disney to have tattoos of their copyrighted material - namely Disney's characters. He has over 1,000 Disney tattoos, which includes all 101 Dalmatians.

Ancient Egypt practiced "medical tattooing" among other forms. They, for instance, had tattoos for treatment of chronic pelvic peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum).

Earliest tattoo inks were made of carbon and ash.

Today, at least one fifth of adult United States has at least one tattoo.

For those that love tattoos but don't want one to last them forever there are temporary tattoos applied with henna, ballpoint pen or as a water soluble sticker.

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Tattooing is an art form and form of body modification where a pigment is inserted into a skin to change its color permanently. It is a very old tradition and today is more popular and socially acceptable than ever. An evidence that prehistoric people knew and practiced tattooing are tools that were discovered in France, Portugal, and Scandinavia.

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I've linked a video from Youtube here of a man who has modified his body to look exactly like a tiger. Body modifications he has done are more than just tattoos and piercings, but he has also had implants in his cheeks, lips and chin. Here you can see how he plans on continuing his process of becoming more modified.
-Video-

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I've seen this video before, but I can watch it again and again! It's a perfect way of showing someone the process of a tattoo, and what it really looks like close up.
The talent and skills required to make a needle draw a straight line must be acquired by the artist, and must also maintain patience and steadiness.
-Video-

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TATTOOING Close Up in Slow Motion   Smarter Every Day 122

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Here I have linked a website that goes into further details about a handful of specific piercings, such as ears, nose and naval piercings.
I found it very interesting that the oldest piercing on a person that we have found as of yet, has been dated over 5,300 years old!
-Website-

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Here I have linked a video that explains why humans possibly started piercing ourselves in the first place.
It is explained that it is generally believed that humans started piercing their ears to protect themselves from demons and bad spirits. It was encouraged by religious leaders to get your ears pierced, and was looked at as protection.
-Video-