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Used a fruit fly to understand the genetic information and understand the development of it

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showed that eukaryotic genomes have many repetitive, noncoding DNA sequences.

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Nirenberg and his group deciphered the entire genetic code by matching amino acids to synthetic triplet nucleotides.

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He used radioactive isotopes to prove that proteins were built from amino acids.

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Saw that R-bacteria gained traits from S-bacteria, he then compared the bacteria to protein and saw very little on common. Oswald then compared the bacteria to DNA and saw very much similarity.

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Mendel used pea plants to help understand where our genes come from, but he did not help us understand which molecule carried the genes.

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Chargaff figured out that the amount of A had to equal the amount of T. He also came to the conclusion that G had to equal the amount of C

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Used X-rays to take pictures of the DNA. and found out the DNA was in the shape of the double helix. She then started to write a reasoning behind the picture but then James Watson and Francis Crick took the photo from her office.

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Found out two different bacteria that cause pneumonia one smooth and one rough the s-bacteria caused  the pneumonia to kill the subject.

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Took the picture from Rosalind Franklins Office then created a macroscopic model of the double helix and won the Nobel Prize for their work