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The main methods used to attack castles were,
- Fire
- Catapults
- Ladders
- Mining

Fire- Fire was an easy way to attack Motte and Bailey castles as they were made entirely out of wood. The fire would begin by lighting a bonfire against the outer wooden fence.
Catapults- Catapults were made to fire large stones, fire balls, dead sheep and cattle at castles. The catapult works by twisting rope as tightly as possible so that the catapult can be fired.
Ladders- Ladders were used by those attacking a castle to climb over the walls and fight the people inside. Ladders had the disadvantage of leaving the man climbing the ladder subject to attack by arrow, boiling water or oil, or Falling of the ladder if the ladder was pushed away from the wall.
Mining- A good way of attacking a stone castle was through mining. Attackers would dig a tunnel underground up to the castle walls or under the gatehouse. They would then set a charge and make an explosion which would make the walls crumble and collapse.

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Here is a picture of a medieval castle in Ireland 🇮🇪

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Here is another picture of a medieval castle in wales 🏴

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medeival Castle in England 🏴

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What life was like for medieval people

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What Was Life Like? | Episode 6: Castles - Meet A Medieval Noblewoman

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In the Middle Ages the public health is often poor because most people lived in narrow alleyways and streets so that could spread the disease quicker. Poor people didn’t have toilets in their home so they threw there waste out on the streets

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How they dealt with crime in the medieval times

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How they dealt with crime in the medieval times

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The manorial court
The manorial court dealt with all but most serious crimes. It was held at various times of the year and all the villagers had to attend or otherwise pay a fine. All men were placed in a group of ten called tithing. Each tithing had to make sure that no member of their groups broke the law. If a member of a tithing broke a law them the other member had to make sure that he went to court.

The kings court
Serious crimes were dealt by the kings court. The accused had to face trial by ordeal to decide whether they were guilty or not.

Ordeal by fire
The accused had to pick up a red hot iron bar and hold it while they walked three or four paces. Their hands were then bandaged. After three days they had to return to the court where the bandage was removed. If the wound was beginning to heal they were innocent but if it showed no sign of healing they were pronounced guilty.

Ordeal by water
The accused and their hands and feet tied together. They were then thrown in to the water. If they floated they were guilty but if they sink they were innocent.

Ordeal by combat
Nobleman would fight (usually to death) in combat with their accuser. The winner of the battle would be considered to be in the right.

Source from historyonthenet.com

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Medieval doctors and wise men and women often used herbal remedies to cure patients. Others used bloodletting if they thought the blood was imbalance in the four humours. Leeches were also used to suck out blood.
Some people went on pilgrimages to holy places to get cured.

“Of England to Canterbury they travel,
To seek the holy blessed martyr,
Who helped them when they were sick.
(Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales)

Some gave advice that depended on prayer and on
superstition. ‘As the fever approaches, let her say an ‘Our father’
and a ‘Hail Mary’, and then eat a leaf and so on for each one of
the three leaves (picked before sunrise). When she is done eating them, she will get rid of the fever. But she must have faith, for if she has not, they will be of no help’. Not surprisingly, others distrusted the doctors doctors. In Florence (Italy), Petrarch, a 14th century poet and scholar, said, ‘After lengthy discussion the doctors announced that I would be dead by midnight... I spend in a deep sleep. I, who was meant to die at midnight, was discovered by the doctors, when they came the next day, writing.

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Many of the ideas about medicine in the Middle Ages were based on the writings of Galen in Ancient Rome. Like Ancient Rome, the dissection of human bodies was banned this time Catholic Church.
Medieval doctor believed that when the four humors black bile yellow bile blood and phlegm were unbalanced this caused disease. Some also believed that
sickness was the will of God, or patterns of the stars. Some used an
astrology chart to diagnose sickness.
There are very few doctors in the Middle Ages, and these were usually used by the rich. Instead, most people were treated by ‘wise men and women’ or barber surgeons who pulled rotten teeth. However, the first medical school to train doctors was set up in Salerno in Italy. There were also very few hospitals and these were usually attached to monasteries or convent

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In the Middle Ages many people became monks and nuns.Monks lived in monasteries and nuns lived in convents.The benedictines, the cistercians and the augustinienes are different orders of monks and nuns.Monks and nuns followed by he rule of St Benedict which was drawn up in Italy in the fifth century.
Becoming a monk or nun:
A boy or girl who wanted to become a monk or a nun joined one of the orders as a novice

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Made with the same group as Hayden
Some medieval people

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There was also a ceremony for handing over the land. The lord who was receiving the piece of land, knelt before the king, and placed his two hands on him. He swore an oath to become a vassal to the king:” I will be your man from this day onwards. I shall be true and faithful to you for the lands I hold from you.”
The lord also promised most faithfully to fight for the king and provide him with ample knights.

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Merchants bought and sold goods.Some traded far distances.They attended fairs and markets.
CRAFTSMEN
The craftsmen made and sold goods.They had workshops on the groundfloor  where they made and sold their goods.A sign over the door 🚪 with a symbol such as a boot for a boot maker showed the occupation of the craftsmen.Their living quarters were above the shops.The workshop was run by a master craftsman who trained apprentices in the trade.

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In medieval European families, most kids lived with their father and mother and brothers and sisters. Kids worked in the fields, or took care of younger brothers and sisters.
Knights were the most feared and best protected warriors on the medieval battlefield, while off it, they were amongst the most fashionably and best mannered members in society.
The Medieval peasant together with freeman and villeins, lived on a manor in a village. Most of the peasants were Medieval Serfs or Medieval Villeins. The small, thatch-roofed, and one-roomed houses of the Medieval Peasant would be grouped about an open space (the "green"), or on both sides of a single, narrow street. The population of one of these villages often did not often exceed one hundred people.

Random fact: Medieval people knew the earth was round!

Some castles also had pipe systems for their water supplies. The Dover Castle, for an example, used lead pipes to move water from its well through the building.
Clean water was important in the medieval period – for hygiene, for food preparation, and for drinking. Establishing a water supply, especially in the cities, was not always easy though.

These are some famous medieval people
Marco Polo
Dante
Joan of Arc

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Noblewoman were married of by their parents. It would be more for links between families not love. Once married she became the lady of the castle. She would be in charge of the kitchen and shops. She’d direct the servants. She would provide education for their daughters.

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Medieval writers divided people into three groups: those who fought, those who worked, and those who prayed.
Some important people would be: King, Lords and ladies , children, Bishops , Monks, Nuns and beggars.
The Feudal System:
Land was important to the people of the Middle Ages, because it meant wealth, strength and power.
The ownership and control of this land was organized through a system called feudalism.
In the Middle Ages, all land was property of the king, though he needed help of controlling and defending it.
He got most of his help from his most powerful subjects, barons ( lords ).

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Those who fought The Lord and Lady of the castle

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Those who fought The Lord and Lady of the castle

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The king divided up his land among the main lords. Each of those lords built castles and ruled their area.
The lord organised the business of the castle, kept his territory under control and carried out the wishes of the king. He had to fight for the king and help him rule the country. He had to go to the kings court when called. Since he was lord of his own area, he had to hold court and settle disputes. The lord passes on his land to his eldest son when he died.

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Some of the firsts castles were built as motte and bailey castles.Later castles were built of stone and were much larger.
Building a motte and Bailey castle:
It is the custom of the nobles who spend much of their time fighting and slaughtering their enemies, in order to be safer from their opponents and to overcome them, to make a mound of earth as high as they can, and encircle it with a ditch as broad and as deep as possible.They enclose the upper edge of this mound with a stockade of logs firmly fixed together,strengthend at intervals with towers, according to their means.Within this enclosure they build their house, a central tower which commands the whole place.The entrance may only be reached across a bridge.
Life in a medieval castle:
Life in a medieval castle would have been ordered and organized,full of pomp and ceremony and also very cold and smelly! Essentially,Castles were at the heart of medieval society.To serve the lord,most castles would have been places of frenzied domestic activity and the layout of a typical medevial castle tended to be influenced by domestic needs rather than defensive

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Crime and punishment in the medieval  times

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Crime and punishment in the medieval  times

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The Middle Ages was a time of serious punishment and harsh torture for crimes that today won’t be seen as a serious problem People were  decapitated and their limbs being cut off.People lived in state of constant fear thinking they would be the next victim.Even the Catholic Church used torture and imprisonments to obtain confession and personal information whether they were guilty. People often had their right hand cut off for stealing. People were beaten, burnt alive and stretched on a rack.

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The Lord provided soldiers for his king.He got these soldiers from his sub tenants or undertenants who were knights.Knights where trained fighters in the Middle Ages.They were usually the sons of lords or other knights.They were the back bone of the medieval army.They went through three stages of training:

At seven They became pages and were fostered by other Lorda and lived in there castle,

At 14 they became squires.They helped the lord dress for jousts(combat between 2 knights.)
At 21 they became dubbed knights by there lord .As they knelt he struck them on the shoulder with the flat of the sword  and said ‘Arise sir’

The knights followed the code of chivallary.He promised:

To be truthful,generous and loyal,

To be courteous to the poor,

To protect women and children.

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A method they would use on attacking a castle is called a siege. Attackers would surround the castle with catipults and would stop people leaving and entering the castle. A siege could last for months. Only the strongest people could survive as the food would eventually run out.

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Medieval times are also called the Middle Ages.
These were the centuries between the downfall
Of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the
modern world in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Today we see evidence of those times in the
castles and monasteries, some in ruins, some still
being used which are scattered around Ireland and
Europe. We can also see it in the shape of some
streets in older cities and towns.