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Furuncles (boils) are skin abscesses caused by staphylococcal infection, which involve a hair follicle and surrounding tissue. Carbuncles are clusters of furuncles connected subcutaneously, causing deeper suppuration and scarring. They are smaller and more superficial than subcutaneous abscesses. Boils form under the skin when bacteria infect and inflame one or more hair follicles.Boils start as red, tender lumps. These fill with pus, grow, then rupture and drain. A carbuncle is a cluster of boils.Warm compresses can help a boil mature and drain. Large boils and carbuncles need a doctor's attention.

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Rosacea is a common skin disease. It often begins with a tendency to blush or flush more easily than other people. The redness can slowly spread beyond the nose and cheeks to the forehead and chin. Even the ears, chest, and back can be red all the time. Rosacea can cause more than redness. Rosacea most commonly affects middle-aged women with fair skin. It can be mistaken for acne or other skin conditions.

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Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition caused by an overactive immune system. Symptoms include flaking, inflammation, and thick, white, silvery, or red patches of skin. Psoriasis treatments include steroid creams, occlusion, light therapy and oral medications, such as biologics. Psoriasis is thought to be an immune system problem. Triggers include infections, stress, and cold.

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Hematomas near the skin result in a large patch of skin discoloration (typically black and blue) that occurs after trauma to the soft tissue. A bruise develops when small blood vessels beneath the skin rupture and blood leaks into the soft tissue beneath the skin. The skin over the hematoma may turn bluish then brown and yellow as the blood is dissolved and absorbed. Usually, this only takes a couple of weeks but can last months.

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A discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising. Specifically, bruises are caused by trauma whereas ecchymoses, which are the same as the spots of purpara except larger, are not necessarily caused by trauma,  cell function, and some diseases such as marburg virus disease. The term also applies to the subcutaneous discoloration resulting from seepage of blood within the contused tissue.

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Bruises  occur when small blood vessels under the skin tear or rupture, most often from a twist, bump, or fall. Blood leaks into tissues under the skin and causes a black-and-blue color that often turns purple, red, yellow, and green as the bruise heals. Bruises (contusions) occur when small blood vessels under the skin tear or rupture, most often from a twist, bump, or fall. Blood leaks into tissues under the skin and causes a black-and-blue color that often turns purple, red, yellow, and green as the bruise heals.

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Albinism is a rare group of genetic disorders that cause the skin, hair, or eyes to have little or no color. Albinism is also associated with vision problems. This condition increases the risk of skin cancer.Most people with albinism have pale skin, eye conditions, and are sensitive to the sun.

No cure exists, but skin can be protected and eye conditions can be treated.

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Nail biting can be a temporary, relatively nondestructive behavior that is merely a cosmetic concern, but it can also develop into a severe, long-term problem. Onychophagia, or onychophagy, is considered a pathological oral habit and grooming disorder characterized by chronic, seemingly uncontrollable nail biting that is destructive to fingernails and surrounding tissue. Onychophagia, which often results in visible damage to fingernails, may co-occur with other BFRBDs,

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Onchomyosis, also known as tinea unguium, is a fungal infection of the nail. Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. Toenails or fingernails may be affected, but it is more common for toenails to be affected. The main symptoms are changes in the appearance of nails. Rarely, the condition causes pain or a slightly foul odor.Treatments include oral antifungal drugs, medicated nail polish or cream, or nail removal.

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Ingrown toenail is a fairly frequent problem resulting from either growth of nail fold inwards into the nail bed or abnormal embedding of the nail plate into the nail groove, causing significant discomfort. The condition usually affects the big toe. People who have diabetes are at greater risk of complications.

Pain, redness, and swelling can occur at the affected nail.Lifting or removing the toenail can help. Antibiotics might be needed.

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Alopecia areata occurs when the immune system attacks hair follicles, and may be brought on by severe stress.

The main symptom is hair loss.

Treatment may address any underlying conditions and includes topical scalp medications.

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Hirsitism  is excessive body hair in men and women on parts of the body where hair is normally absent or minimal, such as on the chin, chest, face or body. Hirsutism results in excessive amounts of stiff and pigmented hair on body areas where men typically grow hair, including the face, chest, and back.

Hirsutism is treated with medications. Hair can also be removed with electrolysis or laser therapy.

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A skin wheal is a patch on the skin that is elevated, discolored, changes shape, and often itches. It can be due to an insect bite, an adverse reaction to something that touched your skin, eczema, or another small puncture wound you experienced. You may have also heard a skin wheal referred to as a 'welt' or a 'hive.' Hives are a rash that appears as an allergic reaction.

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A small, fleshy bump on the skin or mucous membrane caused by human papillomavirus .It spreads by skin to skin contact. Different strains may cause warts in different parts of the body. Warts can be spread from one location on the body to another or from person to person by contact with the wart.The main symptom is a fleshy, painless growth on the skin. Common areas affected include the hands, feet, and genitals.

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It's one of the most common of all inherited skin disorders. The affected skin may also be thick and covered in scales. The white or red skin bumps caused by keratosis pilaris can look similar to acne, but they usually appear on the arms, thighs, or buttocks. This condition can also cause rough patches of skin.

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Plaque psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition. It appears on the skin in patches of thick, red, scaly skin According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and skin Diseases, plaque psoriasis is the most common form of psoriasis. A broad, raised area on the skin. A skin plaque is broader than it is high.

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A papule is an area of abnormal skin tissue that is less than 1 centimeter around. A papule has distinct borders, and it can appear in a variety of shapes. Papules are often called skin lesions, which are essentially changes in the color or texture of your skin. Sometimes, papules cluster together to form a rash.

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Lipoma or dermatofibroma are common causes of nodules on the skin. They are firm mobile cysts, usually skin colored or yellow/white with a central punctum. They are usually found as a painless lump. The appearance of many nodules under the skin could indicate neurofibromatosis. Nodular melanoma is an aggressive tumor that usually occurs in a younger age group. Dark pigmentation or an irregular shape may indicate malignant melanoma.

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A macule is a flat, distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 centimeter  wide. It doesn't involve any change in the thickness or texture of the skin. Certain conditions such as vitiligo are characterized by white or lighter macules or patches on the skin. Although people of all ages can have macules, they mostly affect babies, young children, and older adults. Macules can appear on any part of your body, but they commonly appear on the back, chest, arms, and face.

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Crusts are dried sebum, pus, or blood usually mixed with epithelial and sometimes bacterial debris. A crust is also known as a scab. A crust is a crust on the skin.

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A skin lesion is a part of the skin that has an abnormal growth or appearance compared to the skin around it. Two categories of skin lesions exist: primary and secondary. Secondary skin lesions are the result of irritated or manipulated primary skin lesions.
A skin lesion is a part of the skin that has an abnormal growth or appearance compared to the skin around it. Two categories of skin lesions exist: primary and secondary. Primary skin lesions are abnormal skin conditions present at birth or acquired over a person’s lifetime.

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A small gland that secretes sweat, situated in the dermis of the skin. Such glands are found over most of the body, and have a simple coiled tubular structure. Sweat glands are a type of excronine gland, which are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. There are two main types of sweat glands that differ in their structure, function, secretory product, mechanism of excretion, anatomic distribution, and distribution across species

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It encourages healthy skin cell production. Retinal, retinol and retinoic acid are important to cell production and growth. Vitamin A also stimulates fibroblasts—the cells responsible for developing tissue that keeps skin firm and healthy—in the deep layers of your skin. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is good for healthy vision, skin, bones and other tissues in the body. Vitamin A often works as an antioxidant, fighting cell damage, but it also has many other uses.

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Keratin is the main protein in your skin, and makes up hair, nails, and the surface layer of the skin. Keratin is what forms the rigidity of your skin and helps with the barrier protection that your skin offers. Keranocytes, which produce the protein known as keratin, the main component of the epidermis and is one of a family of fibrous structural proteins.

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In its active form as calcitriol, vitamin D contributes to skin cell growth, repair, and metabolism. It optimizes the skin's immune system and helps destroy free radicals that can cause premature aging. While the body can produce vitamin D on its own through sun exposure, too much sun accelerates skin aging. A deficiency in vitamin D can cause your skin to sweat and is considered to be one of the first signs. Sweating can cause your skin to become dry and irritated so upping your vitamin D help.

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Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body, and gives structure to your skin, bones, muscles, and all other connective tissue.Taking collagen orally can improve skin elasticity, reduce wrinkles, and increase skin moisture.Additionally, collagen supplements have the potential to cause digestive side effects such as feelings of fullness and heartburn.

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In arthropods, the hypodermis is an epidermal layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle. The term also refers to a layer of cells lying immediately below the epidermis of plants. The hypodermis is beneath dermis which is beneath epidermis. It is used mainly for fat storage.

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The thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis which forms the true skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and other structures. The dermis, the skin's next layer, is a thick layer of fibrous and elastic tissue that gives the skin its flexibility and strength. The dermis contains nerve endings, sweat glands and oil glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels.

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The surface epithelium of the skin, overlying the dermis. The upper or outer layer of the two main layers of cells that make up the skin. The epidermis is mostly made up of flat, scale-like cells called squamous cells.