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Stuxnet is a malicious computer worm, first uncovered in 2010. Thought to have been in development since at least 2005, Stuxnet targets SCADA systems and is believed to be responsible for causing substantial damage to Iran's nuclear program.

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websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking.

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a person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data.

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A whistleblower is a person who exposes any kind of information or activity that is deemed illegal, unethical, or not correct within an organization that is either private or public

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Cyberbullying or cyberharassment is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic means.

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Imagine receiving an email from someone saying that they have installed malware on your computer and hijacked your webcam to capture videos of you using adult websites.

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A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis

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The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

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The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

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Climate change occurs when changes in Earth's climate system result in new weather patterns that last for at least a few decades, and maybe for millions of years

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Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale

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the using up of a resource.

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a threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule.

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the degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or community.

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the ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity (such as making a specific product) more efficiently than another activity.

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The Syrian Civil War is an ongoing multi-sided armed conflict in Syria fought between the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by President Bashar al-Assad, along with domestic and foreign allies, and various domestic

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the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

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The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States

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conformity to the law or to rules.

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A resurgent and virulent politics of nationalism is on the march in many parts of the world (US, Brazil,

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Fundamentalism usually has a religious connotation that indicates unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs.

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the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

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a state of disorder due to absence or nonrecognition of authority.

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An international organization is an organization with an international membership, scope, or presence.

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With the proper institutions and diplomacy, Liberals believe that states can work together to maximize prosperity and minimize conflict. Liberalism is one of the main schools of international relations theory.

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Yoshihiro Francis Fukuyama is an American political scientist, political economist, and author. Fukuyama is known for his book The End of History and the Last Man, which argued that the worldwide spread

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Democratization is the transition to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction.

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Perestroika was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s and 1990s and is widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost policy reform.

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n the Russian language the word Glasnost has several general and specific meanings. It has been used in Russian to mean "openness and transparency" since at least the end of the eighteenth century

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he Strategic Defense Initiative was a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons. The concept was first announced publicly by President Ronald Reagan on 23 March 1983.

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Détente is the easing of strained relations, especially in a political situation, through verbal communication. The term in diplomacy originates around 1912 when France and Germany tried, without success, to reduce tensions. Most often the term is used for a phase of the Cold War.

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The Gulf of Tonkin incident, also known as the USS Maddox incident, was an international confrontation that led to the United States engaging more directly in the Vietnam War.

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was a Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader who was Chairman and First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam. He was also Prime Minister and President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

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The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis of 1962, the Caribbean Crisis, or the Missile Scare, was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union initiated by the American discovery of Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba

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The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the Central Intelligence Agency-sponsored rebel group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961

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The Korean War was a war between North Korea and South Korea. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following a series of clashes along the border.

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The Great Leap Forward of the People's Republic of China was an economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China from 1958 to 1962

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A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions. Both bomb types release large quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter.

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The domino theory was a theory prominent from the 1950s to the 1980s that posited that if one country in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect

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Containment is a geopolitical strategy to stop the expansion of an enemy. It is loosely related to the term cordon sanitaire which was later used to describe the geopolitical containment of the Soviet Union in the 1940s.

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The Warsaw Pact, formally known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland between the Soviet Union and seven Eastern Bloc satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.

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A puppet state, puppet regime, or puppet government is a state that is de jure independent but is de facto completely dependent upon an outside power.

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The Iron Curtain was the name for the non physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries

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Description

The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the United States, Canada, Western European countries, Australia, and Japan after the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement

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The United Nations Security Council is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with ensuring international peace and security, accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its charter.

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The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization that was tasked to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international co-operation and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations

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The Marshall Plan was an American initiative passed in 1948 to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II

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Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War

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Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people in whole or in part. The hybrid word "genocide" is a combination of the Greek word γένος and the Latin suffix -caedo

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The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by local collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European

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A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions.

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Leapfrogging, also known as island hopping, was a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II.

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The Normandy landings were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II.

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Blitzkrieg is a method of warfare whereby an attacking force, spearheaded by a dense concentration of armoured and motorised or mechanised infantry

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Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.

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the Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germa

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Fascism is a form of radical, right-wing, authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and of the economy, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe

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In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.

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The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depressi

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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British colonial rule.

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Mao Zedong, also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China

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Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known by the alias Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist

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The Treaty of Versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers

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The League of Nations, abbreviated as LN or LoN, was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.

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The Zimmermann Telegram was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico.

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Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire

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The Tangle of Alliances. ... Anxious at the prospect of being surrounded by potential enemies (as you know, Germany's sort of surrounded by France and Russia

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The Balkans, also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various definitions and meanings, including geopolitical and historical

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the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

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identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.

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Opium Wars, two armed conflicts in China in the mid-19th century between the forces of Western countries and of the Qing dynasty, which ruled China

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An open door policy is a communication policy in which a manager, CEO, MD, president or supervisor leaves their office door "open" in order to encourage openness and transparency with the employees of that company.

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The Berlin Conference of 1884–85, also known as the Congo Conference or West Africa Conference,

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The Scramble for Africa was the occupation, division, and colonisation of African territory by Western European

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1. a bitter crystalline compound present in cinchona bark, used as a tonic and formerly as an antimalarial drug.

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an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

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a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

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workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).

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an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

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international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.

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the amount of a commodity, product, or service available and the desire of buyers for it, considered as factors regulating its price.

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the activity or condition of competing.

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one's personal interest or advantage, especially when pursued without regard for others.

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a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

"the struggle against imperialism"

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a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

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a building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled chiefly by machine.

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The Watt steam engine, alternatively known as the Boulton and Watt steam engine, was the first practical steam engine

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conomists divide the factors of production into four categories: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.

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a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.

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the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics.

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the action of rotating around an axis or center.

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Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary

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Adam Smith FRSA was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment

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The British Agricultural Revolution, or Second Agricultural Revolution, was the unprecedented increase in agricultural production

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The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the US, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820

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the state of being a slave.

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best-known leader of the Haitian Revolution. He was a leader of the growing resistance.

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The Congress of Vienna (French: Congrès de Vienne, German: Wiener Kongress), also called Vienna

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a government that is appointed by and whose affairs are directed by an outside authority