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Do specific colors have an effect on blood pressure level?

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We found 240 adults, ages 20-40 with low, ideal, pre-high, and high blood pressure. Our experimental units were random patients from a local doctor's office.

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Three different doctor's offices were chosen at random, only one gave us permission to carry out the experiment. From the doctor's lists of patients with each type of blood pressure, sixty from each list were randomly contacted asking to take part in the experiment.

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We took the already divided four groups of sixty and divided each of them further into four groups of fifteen (four for each type of blood pressure and four for each type of treatment). Each group of fifteen would complete a normal blood pressure test to see their exact reading. Then, each group would look at either a red, yellow, or blue piece of paper and another at no colored paper. After three minutes of this, they would then immediately complete another blood pressure test.

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The type of treatment each group was given (red, yellow, blue, no color)

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Whether looking at a specific color had an effect on a subject's blood pressure level, which is determined by comparing the second test to the initial test for each group.

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There is no blind in this study because the subjects can see if they are looking at a colored piece of paper and if so, which color. There is no double blind because we know which color we are giving our subjects as they are split into groups and assigned one.

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We randomized the three doctor's office's locations in the Phoenix-Metro area. For the one location that gave us permission, we took the patients' names on the four lists (representing the four different blood pressure types) and numbered them. We then used a different random number table for each list, to select 60 subjects to represent each blood pressure level. We then used a randomizer to divide each group of sixty into four groups of fifteen to assign the four different treatments. Some lurking variables include the subject's favorite color,  their mood during the experiment,  their personal life, gender, and the colors around them when taking the test.

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Our control group is the group that looks at no colored piece of paper for three minutes. We do not have a placebo because this experiment is not the type that requires it.

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I could have completed a crossover experiment by having all subjects undergo all 4 treatments (red, blue, yellow, no color).

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The results for the color blue showed to have no drastic effect on the blood pressure of any group. All groups' blood pressures stayed relatively the same.

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The results for the color red showed to have a systolic increase of 11 for people with low blood pressure, 10 for people with ideal blood pressure,  and 9 for people with either pre-high or high blood pressure.

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This experiment could be replicated and given extra components to make it an even stronger confirmation of this experiment's results. These components include giving all subjects all treatments and adding more treatments (additional colors).

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This experiment's sample size of 240 has a margin of error of 6.5%. This percentage could be lower but would require a large amount of patientwilling to participate for a longer time.

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The results for the color yellow showed to have a systolic increase of 6 for people with either low or high blood pressure, 9 for people with ideal blood pressure, and 7 for people with pre-high blood pressure

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We randomized all subjects and included four different levels of blood pressure and how they would respond to treatment.  All groups and different blood pressures showed a significant increase in systolic levels when showed the colors yellow and red. The randomization in this experiment combined with the rise in blood pressure deem these results statistically significant.

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Our study was replicated by our team with more colors and more subjects. The results from this test that showed the colors red and yellow to cause increased blood pressure were confirmed. The colors green and purple showed to lower blood pressure, while blue still showed no significant effect. The results were published in The Journal of Psychology.

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The result for the control group who were shown no color, showed to have no real effect on the blood pressure of any group. All groups' blood pressures stayed relatively the same.

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A team of 15 researchers were paid hourly ($20 per hour) over the course of four weekends. They all worked a total of 32 hours during the experiment. The subjects were volunteers and the blood pressure equipment was provided to us free of charge from the doctor's office. We gave the staff members (30) fifty dollar gift cards to thank them for their courtesy and equipment.
Salaries: (20 * 32) *15 =  $9,600
Gift Cards: 50 * 30 = $1500
TOTAL COST: $11,100