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Powers are stated in the constitution- for example, the power to regulate both foreign and interstate commerce.

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powers, derived from the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution, that are not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states

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the authority possessed by both state and national governments, such as the power to levy taxes and borrow money

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Powers are not stated in the constitution but drawn from the expressed powers.

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a court order commanding someone with a person in custody to produce that person before the court and show why the person is being held

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laws that criminalizes an action that took place in the past and that was legal at that time; ex post facto is a Latin phrase meaning "from after the fact"

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a law that punishes a person without trial

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, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied by larger states.

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Virginia delegate James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population.

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the agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that gave each state an equal number of senators regardless of its population, but linked representation in the House of Representatives to population

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Gave Slave owning states the right to count slaver as 3/5 of a person 1787.

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An effort to prevent action in a legislature by making a long speech or series of speeches

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The closing or limitation of debate in a legislative body especially by calling for a vote