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Natural Resources-they wrote on Papyrus which was made by a planet near the Nile River they used it to wright a form of pictures  called hieroglyphics.

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.Men farmed and women stayed at home and took care of the kids

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.They had a borad game called senet and music was a form of entirtament

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.Children who died young were buried with their toys. The Egyptians
believe they could play with the toys in the after life

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Middle kingdom- the middle kingdom lasted from 2040-1728 B.C. at that time the kings  struggled to re-establish power over the country's rulings family's, but after a while it was fixed.

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The Old Kingdom was also called the Pyramid age. Also the New kingdom was also called the Empire age. And King Tut was alive during the new kingdom.

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The Old Kingdom was also called the Pyramid age. Also the New kingdom was also called the Empire age. And King Tut was alive during the new kingdom.

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The old kingdom ended in chaos. Nobody is certain how it ended, but it seems like that is declined gradually, maybe due to bad government, or more likely because of a series of bad harvests, which resulted in widespread and famine.

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The king was powerful enough to mobilize a significant percentage of the population to move to Giza during the farming off-season and help to build a pyramid.

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The king was powerful enough to mobilize a significant percentage of the population to move to Giza during the farming off-season and help to build a pyramid.

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The new kingdom was from 1550 BCE-1070 BCE

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middle kingdom-historians call the time between the old and middle kingdoms the Fir st Intermediate Period which lasted from 2181-2040 BC. ( after that ended is when the kings struggled which i wrote about above)

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The power of their pharaoh declined, and the Hyksos invaded them.

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middle kingdom- for most of the 12th Dynasty the Egyptians concentrated their military efforts on the southern territory of Nubia. they invaded the Kush region , which was an important source of valuable metals and minerals ( gold,cooper and gemstones like amethyst).
middle kingdom- there was plenty of cattle and slaves to capture and the Egyptians  knew that Kush led on to farther African lands where they could exchange goods for ebony, ivory, and incense.

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2055- Mentuhotep II gained control of entire country

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2055- Mentuhotep II gained control of entire country

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100 Things You Should Know About Ancient Egypt

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100 Things You Should Know About Ancient Egypt

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Kings/priest/leaders- viziers were in charge for a number of royal overseers. each overseer was responsible for a particular area of government, for example the army or granaries where the grain was stored. the pharaoh, though, was in charge of everyone.

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Technology in the time of ancient egypt.

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Technology in the time of ancient egypt.

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The ancient Egyptians believed that when they died, they would be judged by god, and to prove that they had led good lives, they were to say, "I have given bread to the hungry, water to the thirsty, a boat to him who was boatless." And this tells us how important boats were to them.

The Nile was an ideal highway through the long, narrow country. A large square sail was used on boats traveling upriver, since they had the wind behind them. Long oars or paddles had to be used when traveling downriver.

Richer families had wooden boats, but poorer families could make a good small boat out of papyrus, which grew wild.

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In ancient Egypt most children did not go to school. Reading and writing were skills only children of scribes were taught.

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People did not have money or currency they just traded food and things they had made for items they needed.

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Boys and girls were taught from the age of five, at a school in the temple or in a towns official's home

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usually boys learned their father's job from the age of about 5, the sons of crafts men began to help their fathers at work in the home. They fetched and carried then did simple tasks. A few years later most of them would become apprentices in the work shops where their fathers worked

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On average, slaves in ancient egypt led a similar life to a serf. They could negotiate transactions and own personal property. Chattel and debt slaves were given food but probably not given wages.

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Egypt's economy functioned on a barter system. In the marketplace, stone weights were used to determine the value of grain and other rations.

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Craftsmen in ancient Egypt were usually trained and skilled labourers. They were often well-respected in the community and had a comfortable lifestyle. Yet every craftsman's lifestyle and social standing depended on the quality of his skills and experience. Thus, some craftsmen had more difficult lives than others.

Most craftsmen worked in workshops with other craftsmen. Objects for temples or the pharaoh were made in temple workshops or palace workshops. Objects for ordinary people were made by local craftsmen in small workshops.

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Egyptian merchants developed an extensive trade network for procuring goods from other countries. Gold from the mines of eastern Nubia, for example, was traded for raw materials or manufactured goods.

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Mothers taught girls how to run a home. If their mothers worked in a bakery or a weaving workshop, girls sometimes learned this skill too.

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Duties of Each Level        The Pharaoh.       Government Officials.  Scribes and Soldiers.        The Middle Class: Craftsmen and Merchants. Peasants.                 Farmers were the most important part of the society because they raised the food that fed ancient Egypt. Pharaoh, or the nobles they worked for, provided them with food and clothing. ...Slaves.

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Duties of Each Level        The Pharaoh.       Government Officials.  Scribes and Soldiers.        The Middle Class: Craftsmen and Merchants. Peasants.                 Farmers were the most important part of the society because they raised the food that fed ancient Egypt. Pharaoh, or the nobles they worked for, provided them with food and clothing. ...Slaves.

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A father is taking his son to scribe school where the boy will learn how to read and write. The father is telling his son why being a scribe is the best profession in the world. He emphasises how good the life of a scribe is by comparing it to the lives of craftsmen and others.

Although the father speaks badly of the other professions, he probably does not mean it as strongly as it sounds. More likely, he is making it seem that life is very bad for other people so that he can convince his son to become a scribe.

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The lower class is the farmers, herders, and the unskilled workers.

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The lower class is the farmers, herders, and the unskilled workers.

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Hieroglyphs were called, by the Egyptians, “the words of God” and were used mainly by the priests.

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In AD 391 the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius I closed all pagan temples throughout the empire. This action terminated a four thousand year old tradition and the message of the ancient Egyptian language was lost for 1500 years. It was not until the discovery of the Rosetta stone and the work of Jean-Francois Champollion (1790-1832) that the Ancient Egyptians awoke from their long slumber

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About 5,000 years ago, egyptian scribes began drawing simple pictures to represent objects and sounds. This was one of the first forms of writing. They wrote on papyrus scrolls using colored inks and pens made from the softened ends of reeds.

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Hieroglyphic signs are divided into four categories:

Alphabetic signs represent a single sound. Unfortunately the Egyptians took most vowels for granted and did not represent such as ‘e’ or ‘v’. So we may never know how the words were formed.
Syllabic signs represent a combination of two or three consonants.
Word-signs are pictures of objects used as the words for those objects. they are followed by an upright stroke, to indicate that the word is complete in one sign.
A determinative is a picture of an object which helps the reader. For example; if a word expressed an abstract idea, a picture of a roll of papyrus tied up and sealed was included to show that the meaning of the word could be expressed in writing although not pictorially.

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All writing systems probably evolved in this way but their original forms were lost as pictures were refined to a simple abstraction making writing an efficient tool for day to day business. Indeed, the ancient Egyptian Hieratic script served this function but the Egyptians deliberately preserved Hieroglyphs, in their original forms, because they believed them a gift from the gods which possessed magical powers. So they inscribed them on temple walls, tombs, objects, jewellery and magical papyri to impart supernatural power not for mundane day to day communication.

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scribes would carve pictures of leaders doing things or pictures of the afterlife and in the pictures it would have hieroglyphics in the back.

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The Ancient Egyptians believed that it was important to record and communicate information about religion and government. Thus, they invented written scripts that could be used to record this information.

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The most famous of all ancient Egyptian scripts is hieroglyphic. However, throughout three thousand years of ancient Egyptian civilisation, at least three other scripts were used for different purposes

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Hieroglyphs were called, by the Egyptians, “the words of God” and unlike the simple elegance of modern writing systems, this early attempt at recording words, used a number of techniques to convey meaning. The picture symbols represent a combination of alphabet and syllabic sounds together with images that determine or clarify meaning and depictions of actual objects which are the spoken word of the thing they represent.

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. Using these scripts, scribes were able to preserve the beliefs, history and ideas of ancient Egypt in temple and tomb walls and on papyrus scrolls.

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Gradually words were built up out of several different signs. To clarify the meaning of a word, a picture of the object or action was sometimes added at the end. This picture writing, called hieroglyphics, was used for religious writings and for inscriptions on monuments. There were about 750 different hieroglyphs.

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When the ancient Egyptians went to battle against their enemies they used writing to communicate with each other.

Military leaders were first trained as scribes, so they would be able to read messages that were sent to them.
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In the 1820s, Champollion established an entire list of Egyptian symbols with their Greek equivalents and was the first Egyptologist to realize that the symbols were not only alphabetic but syllabic, and in some cases determinative, meaning that they depicted the meaning of the word itself.

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One of the first jobs that scribes might have after they finished school was working in the fields counting crops or animals.

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Egyptian doctors trained in the temple medical schools, which were the best in the world.

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These are some egyptian math questions

.fat worth 10 gallons of grain has been given to you. You have to make it last a year. How much can you use each day

. A granary bin is 5 cubits long,5 cubits deep and 5 cubits wide. Will 10 gallons of grain fit into it

(A cubit is an ancient measure-about the length of an adult's elbow to the tip of the middle finger)

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The nile river provided such a safe and convenient highway through their country that the egyptians didn't need wheeled transportation. They built towns beside the river and traveled between them by boat.

The egyptians used huge wooden sleds, dragged by teams of men, to move the stone to the river. There, it was loaded onto barges and transported to the building sites.

The hyksos people in asia, who invaded and ruled egypt brought with them horses and war chariots By the time the hyksos were driven out 40 years later, the egyptians had learn how useful chariots were, not only in war, but also for hunting.

Donkey transportation:
People who had to travel overland, such as farmers taking goods to market or poeple going tothe gold mines, used donkeys to carry their goods

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AN example of likely treatment in egyptian times is the binding of a slice of raw meat over a stitched wound the patient was probably told to remove the meat the following day and apply grease and honey to the wound.

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300 BC is when they started making greco gyptian style funerary houses at tuna el-gebel.

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They once found a undigested mouse in the stomach of a mummified child.This was probably to cure a bad cough

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With more difficult diseases,where they did not understand they cause they mixed potions and magic spells and even when it did not work the patient was probably comforted.

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Egyptian art and architecture, the ancient architectural monuments, sculptures, paintings, and decorative crafts produced mainly during the dynastic periods of the first three millennia BC in the Nile valley regions of Egypt and Nubia.

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Doctors used herbal medicine like Willow for back pain, which is found in Asprin and they also used magic spells over patients

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Gods and Goddesses      Book: Art and Religion in Ancient Egypt

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Gods and Goddesses      Book: Art and Religion in Ancient Egypt

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They believed that gods and goddesses controlled the sun, the river, crops, and the animals.By 2500 B.C, Egypt's pharaohs, or kings became linked to religion too. They believed that each king was the god Horus in human form.

The Egyptians used artwork to honor their gods. They thought this would help them in the afterlife. They also believed that after death they would experience scenes from the artwork.

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An archaeologist named Hugh Evelyn-White hung himself and made a suicide note in his own blood.

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Mysteries of Egypt - Canadian Museum of History

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Mysteries of Egypt - Canadian Museum of History

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In this depiction of a myth, the Great Cat performs an heroic deed by killing Apophis, the evil snake. The snake symbolizes hostile forces that cause problems for the deceased during their journey to paradise.

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Mysteries of Egypt - Canadian Museum of History

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Mysteries of Egypt - Canadian Museum of History

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Myths, particularly creation myths, have had a profound effect on ancient cultures. They form the foundation of religious beliefs that influenced all forms of cultural expression, as well as values and attitudes. Nowhere is this more true than in Egypt.

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Mysteries of Egypt - Canadian Museum of History

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Mysteries of Egypt - Canadian Museum of History

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Myths are rich in symbolic meaning. Their settings may seem strange and their characters larger than life, but by learning to understand their meaning, we can unlock their secrets. Capable of amazing feats, such as changing shape, the characters in myths often represent aspects of human behavior such as love and jealousy, or phenomena such as order and destruction.

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Mysteries of Egypt - Canadian Museum of History

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Mysteries of Egypt - Canadian Museum of History

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Like other creation myths, Egypt's is complex and offers several versions of how the world unfolded. The ancient Egyptians believed that the basic principles of life, nature and society were determined by the gods at the creation of the world.

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The ancient Egyptians had a series of creation myths, or stories about the worlds origin. According to one myth, at first there was just an ocean in darkness. Then the sun god appeared on the surface of the water and made the Idland of creation. The sun god was called Atum, Re-Atum, and Re at different times and in different religions. Re produced 2 children, both gods. His son shu, the air, and daughter Tefnut, moisture, together formed the atmosphere. shu and tefuts son, geb, and daughter, nut formed earth and the sky. geb and nut were parents to Isis, Osiris, Seth, and Nephthys. Isis and Osiris gave birth to horus, who became personified in each king.

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It took Howard Carter 10 years to study and remove all the 3,500 objects inside King Tuts Tomb.

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THe ancient egyptians built thousands of temples to honor their gods and to house the dead. there were 2 main kinds of temples. A cultus temple served as a place where a gods statue could be housed and protected. Egyptians believed that the gods actually lived within these statues. A king or a priest could perform rituals in the cultus temple to please the gods. The mortuary temple was the place for the funeral rites were performed for a dead king.