# data[].attributes.body
The land claims to the arctic are heavily debated amongst those involved, and journalists wanting to capitalize on the situation. There is no way to tell whether or not these claims for oil and land will ultimately benefit everyone or just the sole survivor.

# data[].attributes.body
OPEC, or the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is yet another example of countries coming together - again, for better or for worse - because of the oil market. As states come together to decide on a uniform market to stabilize prices, their hostilities and conflicts tend to decrease leading to more peaceful relationships to those involved.

# data[].attributes.body
Shaky relations like the one the United States and Saudi Arabia share shows that the oil market does bring and attempt to keep countries on relatively good terms, for better or for worse. If one or the other does something extreme, such as assassinating a journalist or spiking oil prices for profit, the responsible party really can't be held responsible as it could lead to an end of the trade or higher prices for imports and exports.

# data[].attributes.body
The quote from President George W. Bush himself states that one of the main reasons the United States took part in the Iraq War was to keep a tight hold on the oil reserves there, proving that that War was almost entirely for oil. Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait being driven by oil also furthers that point, giving another good example of an oil-driven conflict.

# data[].attributes.body
As a result of constant U.S. involvement with Iranian affairs, our relationship with them has been hostile since the 1970s.
As a result of this poor relationship, the United States has to look elsewhere for a friendly oil exporter.

# data[].attributes.body
To illustrate the UNCLO, as a matter of perspective think of the Gulf of Mexico between the United States, Mexico, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Haiti and then imagine lines in the ocean determining where their territorial claims begin and end.
Once one can imagine those lines, the rulings of the UNCLO and how difficult countries have their claims become clear.

# data[].attributes.body
The Persian Gulf is just as important as the Venezuela or Brazil in South America for their large contributions to the global oil market.
However, no matter how much oil they can produce, until Saudi Arabia reaches peak oil they will remain the top oil exporter.

# data[].attributes.body
Furthermore, should any of these territorial claims become anywhere close to militaristic, the probability of a large conflict drastically rises.
In addition to the Iraq War, another war the United States has involved themselves in for oil was Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait.

# data[].attributes.body
The claims to the Arctic are especially relevant because of how quickly the ice there is melting, bringing forth both issues of climate change and territory claims. The main value of the two is the claims countries have to the Arctic so that they may not only increase in size but find reserves of oil to boost their economic production.

# data[].attributes.body
Emphasis Words;
Additional Words;
Compare/Contrast Words;
Illustration Words;
Cause and Effect Words

# data[].attributes.body
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1y9DvxFJsHS2xnZE6h1TDu2HBcQlRBJVS4fNkSWUNZik/edit?usp=sharing
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1O5JqwoJHyLBXxxZtEuMTPXQ9SfIhUfKYkwYc86l2o1Y/edit?usp=sharing

# data[].attributes.body
Eric wrote his article for Bloomberg a little more suspiciously of the world powers' moves of the arctic, implying that military action could be taken to "legitimize" their land claims.
Steinberg, however, states that the claims are a positive thing and instead reinforces friendly relations between the countries involved.

# data[].attributes.body
He's an award-winning journalist who has spent more than 15 years covering climate change in all its incarnations—from science, to technology, finance, business, and government.

# data[].attributes.body
Red: Russia
Blue: United States
Green:Denmark/Greenland
Yellow: Norway
Purple: Canada
Majority: Russia

# data[].attributes.body
Russian officials’ rhetoric about its Arctic presence, coupled with military re-entrenchment, has been less diplomatic. Meaning, unlike Norway or Denmark, they've expressed some sort of military power in conjunction with their arctic claims.
"While the Cold War is long gone, Cold War rules still apply in the Arctic: Everything is fine. Just make no sudden movements—and hope there's no accident or misunderstanding along the way."

# data[].attributes.body
Professor of Political Geography; Director, IBRU: Durham University's Centre for Borders Research at Durham University.
His research focuses on the uses, representations, and regulations of spaces on the margins of state territory, including the world-ocean, the universe of electronic communications, and the Arctic.

# data[].attributes.body
The countries claiming ownership over the Arctic have all worked closely together scientifically to create these geographical maps in the first place, it's not like these claims will break out into the next Cold War.

# data[].attributes.body
Dr. Emily Meierding is an Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Her research and teaching focus on international and intrastate conflict and cooperation over energy resources and climate change.

# data[].attributes.headline
Counterargument: Countries Don't Fight for Oil.

# data[].attributes.subject
Counterargument: Countries Don't Fight for Oil.

# data[].attributes.body
Countries face at least four sets of obstacles that discourage them from fighting for oil: invasion costs, occupation costs, international costs and investment costs.
Profiting from Oil Wars is hard because of these reasons, actually, countries reap the same benefits from foreign oil resources as from domestic oil resources.

# data[].attributes.body
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea decides which parts of the seabed are owned by which countries, a nation's territorial claims are linked to their undersea geology.
When the law was passed in 1994, each coastal nation was automatically given control over an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) that extends 370 kilometers off its shoreline until they could provide geological proof that they deserved more or less.

# data[].attributes.body
No one "owns" the arctic as much as they'd like to for both territorial control and oil. However, with melting ice caps comes actual territory for there to be legitimate claims to stake.

# data[].attributes.headline
Pictures to Possibly Use Later During Presentation

# data[].attributes.subject
Pictures to Possibly Use Later During Presentation

# data[].attributes.body
In the September of 1960  five countries, namely Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela were the founding members of OPEC.
Later additions are: Qatar in 1961, Indonesia in 1962, Libya in 1962, the United Arab Emirates in 1967, Algeria in 1969, Nigeria in 1971, Ecuador in 1973, Gabon in 1975, Angola in 2007, Equatorial Guinea in 2017 and Congo in 2018.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

# data[].attributes.subject
The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

# data[].attributes.body
OPEC was made to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers.

# data[].attributes.body
*Professor of political science at the National Defense University.
*Has published books surrounding not only this topic but similar things.
*Has earned the Distinguished Faculty Award for research.

# data[].attributes.body
"In times of high oil prices Saudi Arabia has been accused of taking part in an 'international price-fixing conspiracy' by cutting back output."
"July 2000, the U.S. senate antitrust subcommittee approved a bill enabling antitrust regulators to sue OPEC for fixing prices and setting production levels for crude oil."

# data[].attributes.body
In order to protect relations, the United States  dismissed the fact that the Saudis allegedly assassinated one of their journalists in order to keep relations peaceful so that oil prices wouldn't rise. (October 2, 2018).

# data[].attributes.body
The United States is the world's largest oil importer, while Saudi Arabia is the world's largest oil exporter.
Though the two have long since been friends.

# data[].attributes.body
Kuwait, being rich in oil, was invaded by dictator Saddam Hussein before being topped by the U.S. and some others in Operation Desert Storm in order to prevent him from owning a fifth of the world's oil supply. Left Iraq broken and isolated.

# data[].attributes.body
Iraq War: President George W. Bush said in 2005 that keeping Iraqi oil away from the bad guys was a key motive for the Iraq war.

# data[].attributes.body
As with any limiting resource, both humans and animal instinctively fight over the possession thereof. On a national scale this could either lead to friendly alliances that can lead to peace between countries, or bitter hatreds  that can spark war even on a global scale.

# data[].attributes.body
The Persian Gulf as a whole is a normal point of contention for oil.

# data[].attributes.headline
                                                                        Why It Matters

# data[].attributes.subject
                                                                        Why It Matters

# data[].attributes.body
Finding substantial alternatives to oil is crucial to the future development of society, afterall, oil doesn't last forever. Should new methods be developed before peak oil is reached plenty of crises such as conflict between countries will likely be avoided, if not possibly positively affecting relations as there is not longer a vital resource needed to fight or negotiate over.