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Question 5 answer

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The first personal computer which used a modern

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Sanjay Reid

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4.	Outline how an operating system is loaded for functionality of a computer system 

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4.	Outline how an operating system is loaded for functionality of a computer system 

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Step One: Edit your BIOS

When you first start up your computer, it'll tell you to press a key to enter setup, usually DEL. This takes you to the setup of your Basic Input/Output System, or BIOS. Here, you can configure some of the lowest-level aspects of your new machine. You may not actually need to edit any of these settings, but it's a good idea to go through, get acquainted with them, and make sure everything's in good order before moving on.

Note that the BIOS will be a little bit different on different brands of motherboard, so your screen may not look exactly like the images here, but it should be close.

First, make sure that everything's been installed correctly. If you have a System Information page in your BIOS, head there and make sure the amount of RAM listed is the same amount you put in. If it isn't detecting all of your RAM, some of it might not be seated correctly, so go back and fix that before continuing. If there isn't a System Information page in your BIOS, your motherboard probably lists the amount of RAM it detects on the POST screen, right after you press the power button.

Find the SATA configuration option, and make sure its configured as AHCI. If you're running Windows XP you'll need to change this to IDE, otherwise AHCI is probably what you want to go with.

Lastly, find the "Boot Order" or "Boot Priority" page. Make sure your DVD drive is the first drive on the list (or your USB drive if you're installing from a flash drive), and that the hard drive you'll be installing to is second. Note that some BIOS utilities split this up into two menus—one for setting the boot order for your different media (CD-ROM, hard disks, USB disks) and another that lets you choose the order of just the hard drives.

If you don't see your hard drive listed, it may not be plugged in correctly or it may be dead. Turn your computer off and re-check the connection if necessary.

These are the most crucial BIOS options you want to tweak, but there's a lot of other stuff going on in there. I encourage you to explore and look things up that you don't know, since it has some other useful settings.

Step Two: Install Windows

Before you install Windows, make sure you have the optimal version for your system. That is, if you have more than 4GB of RAM, you'll want to use 64-bit Windows instead of the standard 32-bit—that will allow your system to take advantage of all of your RAM.

You're probably aware that 64-bit and 32-bit versions of your operating system exist, but…

Once you've got the right version of Windows, grab the installation DVD (or flash drive, if that be the case) and pop it in. Start up your computer and it should automatically boot into the Windows installer. If you ever get a "Press any key to boot from CD" option, make sure to hit a key on your keyboard to continue.

Once the installer loads, hit the "Install Now" button, accept the terms of use, and choose "Custom (advanced)" when asked what type of installation you want. Find your primary hard drive (if you have more than one), click on the "Unallocated Space" partition, and hit Next. Windows should start installing.

If you aren't using a brand new drive, you may have to format it first. Click on the currently-used partition, click "Drive options (advanced)", and then hit "Format". It should format the drive to be Windows-compatible, after which you can hit next and let the installation run.

From there, the rest is just a waiting game. Leave your computer alone to do its thing. It'll copy all the necessary files to your disk and reboot a number of times in the process. You'll know you're done when you hear the familiar startup chime and boot into the default Windows 7 desktop.

Step Three: Install Your Drivers

The last thing you need to do before you actually use your computer is install your drivers. If your Ethernet or Wi-Fi works out-of-the-box, Windows may find most or all of your drivers for you. If not, you'll need to pop in the CD that came with your motherboard to install the Ethernet or Wi-Fi drivers you need to access the internet. Don't install any other drivers from that CD just yet.
Once you've got the internet up and running, Windows will install drivers for you. It might not catch everything though, so you'll have to install some manually. The CDs that came with your motherboard, video card, and other hardware are probably already out of date, so I don't recommend using them to install drivers.

Instead, you'll want to download the drivers manually from the manufacturer's web site. Head to your motherboard's support page and download any necessary drivers, including chipset, audio, SATA, and any other drivers listed. Note that you probably only want the drivers—you don't want the extra bundled software it offers, unless there's something in there you really want. For your video drivers, download them straight from NVIDIA or AMD's web site rather than the card manufacturer's site.
Step Four: Install Windows Updates

The last thing you'll want to do is get Windows up to date. Chances are, you've already gotten a notification from Windows Update at this point, but if not, head into your Start Menu, go to Programs, and hit Windows Update. Install all the updates it gives you, and reboot your computer. Check for updates again and it'll have a whole new slew of them for you. You'll have to do this quite a few times, but eventually it should stop serving you notifications and you'll be all up to date. When you are, you're ready to actually start using your computer.

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ent


v.Multitasking & Disk access and file systems


vi.Networking & Security

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(DAVION SMITH)

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5. What are some of the significant trends in operating system design, especially as it relates to user interface?

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3. Define common terms that are associated with an operating systems? 

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3. Define common terms that are associated with an operating systems? 

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2.What are the main components of an operating system and what are their respective functions? 

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2.What are the main components of an operating system and what are their respective functions? 

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i.Kernel: the kernel provides the most basic level of control over all of the computer's hardware devices. It manages memory access for programs in the RAM, it determines which programs get access to which hardware resources, it sets up or resets the CPU's operating states for optimal operation at all times, and it organizes the data with File Systems.

ii.Program execution: The operating system provides an interface between an application program and the computer hardware, so that an application program can interact with the hardware

iii.Interrupts: Interrupts are central to operating systems, as they provide an efficient way for the operating system to interact with and react to its environment. Interrupts provide a computer with a way of automatically saving local register contexts, and running specific code in response to events. Even very basic computers support hardware interrupts, and allow the programmer to specify code which may be run when that event takes place.

iv.Memory management

v.Multitasking & Disk access and file systems

vi.Networking & Security

vii.Graphical user interface: Most of the modern computer systems support graphical user interfaces (GUI). Graphical user interfaces evolve over time. For example, Windows has modified its user interface almost every time a new major version of Windows is released, and the Mac OS GUI changed dramatically with the introduction of Mac OS X in 1999

Leandrew Davis

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6.	Compare general purpose and dedicated operating systems 

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6.	Compare general purpose and dedicated operating systems 

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General Purpose systems are intended to be re-programmed  and re-purposed (expand, modify hardware components) for different tasks (often beyond the imagination of original manufacturer). Such a wide purpose nature and complexity dictates the industry to create many standards, be open.

A dedicated computer would be something like a server. For example if you have a file server, its purpose is to store and share files across the network. A dedicated system is a general-purpose computer system confined to performing only one function for reasons of efficiency or convenience.

(DAVION SMITH)

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1.	What are the different types of operating systems 

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1.	What are the different types of operating systems 

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The different type of operating systems are :

Microsoft Windows

Apple iOS

Google's Android OS.

Apple macOS

Linux Operating System

( DAVION SMITH)