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This graphic organizer lays out the beliefs and characteristics of each Big 5 religion that students will fill out during their stations.

Citation: http://www.slideshare.net/naeemullahkhan752/world-religions-31168273

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NCSS Theme #1 Lesson Plan: Culture Lesson Title: World Religions Lesson Author: Kathryn Yarbrough Key Curriculum Words: Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhi...

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This resource was utilized for creating this lesson plan's DBQ. This resource includes a DBQ for Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism. It included a document that gave a description of how Muslim culture diffused and impacted  Spanish people and cultures.

Citation for PDF: http://www.whiteplainspublicschools.org/cms/lib5/NY01000029/Centricity/Domain/353/DBQ%20Islam%20Christianity%20Buddhism.pdf

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This resource contains the outline for the instructions as well as a document utilized in the student's DBQ. This DBQ includes the instructions to complete the assignment, as well as 5 different documents and questions that give support to the essay.

Citation for PDF: http://betterlesson.com/community/document/2610910/dbq-world-religions-pdf

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This article highlights the Buddhist religion, providing details of Buddhism practices, beliefs, and ways of life. Included in this article is a depiction of the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path along with their specific descriptions of each ideal.

Citation:  Buddhism's core beliefs. (n.d.). Retrieved December 08, 2016, from http://www.religioustolerance.org/buddhism1.htm

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Buddhism

Core beliefs of Buddhism:

Buddhism, like most of the great religions of the world, is divided into many different traditions. However, most traditions share a common set of fundamental beliefs.

One fundamental belief of Buddhism is often referred to as reincarnation -- the concept that people are reborn after dying. In fact, most individuals go through many cycles of birth, living, death and rebirth. A practicing Buddhist differentiates between the concepts of rebirth and reincarnation. In reincarnation, the individual may recur repeatedly. In rebirth, a person does not necessarily return to Earth as the same entity ever again. He compares it to a leaf growing on a tree. When the withering leaf falls off, a new leaf will eventually replace it. It is similar to the old leaf, but it is not identical to the original leaf.
After many such cycles, if a person releases their attachment to desire and the self, they can attain Nirvana. This is a state of liberation and freedom from suffering.
The Three Trainings or Practices:

These three consist of:

1. Sila: Virtue, good conduct, morality. This is based on two fundamental principles:

The principle of equality: that all living entities are equal.

The principle of reciprocity: This is the " Golden Rule" in Christianity -- to do onto others as you would wish them to do onto you. It is found in all major religions.

2. Samadhi: Concentration, meditation, mental development. Developing one's mind is the path to wisdom which in turn leads to personal freedom. Mental development also strengthens and controls our mind; this helps us maintain good conduct.

3. Prajna: Discernment, insight, wisdom, enlightenment. This is the real heart of Buddhism. Wisdom will emerge if your mind is pure and calm.

The first two paths listed in the Eightfold Path, described below, refer to discernment; the last three belong to concentration; the middle three are related to virtue. Sponsored link
The Four Noble Truths:

The Buddha's Four Noble Truths explore human suffering. They may be described (somewhat simplistically) as:

1. Dukkha: Suffering exists: (Suffering is real and almost universal. Suffering has many causes: loss, sickness, pain, failure, the impermanence of pleasure.)

2. Samudaya: There is a cause for suffering. (It is the desire to have and control things. It can take many forms: craving of sensual pleasures; the desire for fame; the desire to avoid unpleasant sensations, like fear, anger or jealousy.)

3. Nirodha: There is an end to suffering. (Suffering ceases with the final liberation of Nirvana (a.k.a. Nibbana). The mind experiences complete freedom, liberation and non-attachment. It lets go of any desire or craving.)

4. Magga: In order to end suffering, you must follow the Eightfold Path.

The Five Precepts:

These are rules to live by. They are somewhat analogous to the second half of the Ten Commandments in Judaism and Christianity -- that part of the Decalogue which describes behaviors to avoid. However, they are recommendations, not commandments. Believers are expected to use their own intelligence in deciding exactly how to apply these rules.

1. Do not kill. This is sometimes translated as "not harming" or an absence of violence.

2. Do not steal. This is generally interpreted as including the avoidance of fraud and economic exploitation.

3. Do not lie. This is sometimes interpreted as including name calling, gossip, etc.

4. Do not misuse sex. For monks and nuns, this means any departure from complete celibacy. For the laity, adultery is forbidden, along with any sexual harassment or exploitation, including that within marriage. The Buddha did not discuss consensual premarital sex within a committed relationship; Thus, Buddhist traditions differ on this. Most Buddhists, probably influenced by their local cultures, condemn same-sex sexual activity regardless of the nature of the relationship between the people involved.

5. Do not consume alcohol or other drugs. The main concern here is that intoxicants cloud the mind. Some have included as a drug other methods of divorcing ourselves from reality -- e.g. movies, television, the Internet. 1

Those preparing for monastic life or who are not within a family are expected to avoid an additional five activities:

6. Taking untimely meals.
7. Dancing, singing, music, watching grotesque mime.
8. Use of garlands, perfumes and personal adornment.
9. Use of high seats.
10. Accepting gold or silver.

The Eightfold Path:

The Buddha's Eightfold Path consists of:

Panna: Discernment, wisdom:

2) Samma sankappa: Right thinking; following the right path in life

Sila: Virtue, morality:

5) Samma ajiva: Right livelihood; support yourself without harming others

Samadhi: Concentration, meditation:

References:

1. Guy Newland, Untitled essay at: http://www.chsbs.cmich.edu/

2. Bhikkhu Bodhi, "The Noble Eightfold Path. The Way to the End of Suffering," Buddhist Information, at: http://www.buddhistinformation.com/

Copyright © 1996 to 2017 by Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
Latest update: 2017-DEC-04
Author: B.A. Robinson

Sponsored link

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Buddhism, like most of the great religions of the world, is divided into many different traditions. However, most traditions share a common set of fundamental beliefs. One fundamental belief of Buddhism is often referred to as reincarnation -- the concept that people are reborn after dying.

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This PDF supported the lesson planning through details of religious diffusion along with corresponding maps. This article contains characteristics and beliefs of Christianity, Buddhism, Judaism, Islam, and Hinduism. This resource provides a detailed description of how religion and geography interact and how these interactions affect cultures in different areas.

Citation for PDF: http://teacherweb.ftl.pinecrest.edu/snyderd/MWH/readings/6/3%20-%20Religion.pdf

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This power point guides the information that is presented at each station. It gives information about Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity, including their main characteristics and sets of beliefs.

Citation for PPT Website: http://www.pburgsd.net/cms/lib04/NJ01001118/Centricity/Domain/179/5%20MAJOR%20WORLD%20RELIGIONS%20modified.ppt

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This video is a depiction of where the major world religions (Buddhism, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, and Hinduism) began and where they have diffused across geographical areas from 3000 B.C.E to 2000 C.E.

Citation:  B. (2015). Animated map shows how religion spread around the world. Retrieved December 08, 2016, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AvFl6UBZLv4

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Animated map shows how religion spread around the world

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This website serves as a tool where students can see the spatial distortion of countries around the world based upon their population size of specific categories. In this lesson plan, students will look at major religions and see how the map of the world changes when looking at populations of people who practice those specific religions.

Website: http://worldmapper.org/display_religion.php?selected=551

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Multiple Muslim Americans share there beliefs and interest in this YouTube video. American stereotypes of Muslim culture are broken as these individuals share that they do not participation in arranged marriages or wear Hijabs. This powerful vides shows that there is always more to a person than the stereotypes associated with their religion.

Citation:  M. (2008). A Land Called Paradise. Retrieved December 08, 2016, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbcmPe0z3Sc

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Day 2, Religions Negative Impact on Society

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Day 2, Religions Negative Impact on Society

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This article details the war and conflict surrounding multiple religions. It specifically shows that all religions are subjected to stray from their intended purposes. This perspective is important because it highlights the fact that cognitive errors spread across the human race in its entirety, and many individuals are prone to behaving in an immoral way at some point throughout their life.

Citation: 8 Atrocities Committed in the Name of Religion - Listverse. (2014). Retrieved December 08, 2016, from http://listverse.com/2008/04/02/8-atrocities-committed-in-the-name-of-religion/

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Throughout history religion has been used as an excuse, or driving force, for some of the worst atrocities imaginable. From pre-history to modern history, religion is, for many people, just an excuse to kill other people. This list highlights eight of the worst atrocities (but not necessarily the top 8).

Human sacrifices were still occurring in Buddhist Burma in the 1850s. When the capital was moved to Mandalay, 56 "spotless" men were buried beneath the new city walls to sanctify and protect the city. When two of the burial spots were later found empty, royal astrologers decreed that 500 men, women, boys, and girls must be killed and buried at once, or the capital must be abandoned. About 100 were actually buried before British governors stopped the ceremonies.

Members of lndia's Thuggee sect strangled people as sacrifices to appease the bloodthirsty goddess Kali, a practice beginning in the 1500s. The number of victims has been estimated to be as high as 2 million. Thugs were claiming about 20,000 lives a year in the 1800s until British rulers stamped them out. At a trial in 1840, one Thug was accused of killing 931 people. Today, some Hindu priests still sacrifice goats to Kali.

The Mountain Meadows massacre was a mass killing of the Fancher-Baker wagon train at Mountain Meadows in Utah Territory on September 11, 1857, by a group of Mormons and Paiute Indians. The Arkansas emigrants were traveling to California shortly before Utah War started. Mormons throughout the Utah Territory had been mustered to fight the invading United States Army, which they believed was intended to destroy them as a people. Initially intending to orchestrate an Indian massacre, two men with leadership roles in local military, church and government organizations, Isaac C. Haight and John D. Lee, conspired for Lee to lead militiamen disguised as Native Americans along with a contingent of Paiute tribesmen in an attack.

The emigrants fought back and a siege ensued. Intending to leave no witnesses of Mormon complicity in the siege and avoid reprisals complicating the Utah War, militiamen induced the emigrants to surrender and give up their weapons. After escorting the emigrants out of their fortification, the militiamen and their tribesmen auxiliaries executed approximately 120 men, women and children.

The Medieval Inquisition is a series of Inquisitions (Roman Catholic Church bodies charged with suppressing heresy) from around 1184, including the Episcopal Inquisition (1184-1230s) and later the Papal Inquisition (1230s). It was in response to large popular movements throughout Europe considered apostate or heretical to Christianity, in particular Catharism and Waldensians in southern France and northern Italy. These were the first inquisition movements of many that would follow.

Torture was used after 1252. On May 15, Pope Innocent IV issued a papal bull entitled Ad exstirpanda, which authorized the use of torture by inquisitors. The Inquisitors were forbidden to use methods that resulted in bloodshed, mutilation or death. One of the more common forms of medieval inquisition torture was known as strappado. The hands were bound behind the back with a rope, and the accused was suspended this way, dislocating the joints painfully in both arms. Weights could be added to the legs dislocating those joints as well.

The organization is still active today under the name of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Prior to becoming Pope Benedict XVI, Cardinal Ratzinger was the head of the congregation.

When Puritans settled in Massachusetts in the 1600s, they created a religious police state where doctrinal deviation could lead to flogging, pillorying, hanging, cutting off ears, or boring through the tongue with a hot iron. Preaching Quaker beliefs was a capital offense. Four stubborn Quakers defied this law and were hanged. In the 1690s fear of witches seized the colony. Twenty alleged witches were killed and 150 others imprisoned.

Christians were first, and horribly, targeted for persecution as a group by the emperor Nero in 64 AD. A colossal fire broke out at Rome, and destroyed much of the city. Rumors abounded that Nero himself was responsible. To divert attention from the rumors, Nero ordered that Christians should be rounded up and killed. Some were torn apart by dogs, others burnt alive as human torches. Over the next hundred years or so, Christians were sporadically persecuted. Then in the mid-third century, emperors initiated even more intensive persecutions. This, "The Great Persecution", is considered the largest. Beginning with a series of four edicts banning Christian practices and ordering the imprisonment of Christian clergy, the persecution intensified until all Christians in the empire were commanded to sacrifice to the gods or face immediate execution. This persecution was to be the last, as Constantine I soon came into power and in 313 legalized Christianity.

The Aztecs began their elaborate theocracy in the 1300s and brought human sacrifice to a golden era. About 20,000 people were killed yearly to appease gods - especially the sun god, who needed daily "nourishment" of blood. Hearts of sacrifice victims were cut out, and some bodies were eaten ceremoniously. Other victims were drowned, beheaded, burned or dropped from heights. In a rite to the rain god, shrieking children were killed at several sites so that their tears might induce rain. In a rite to the maize goddess, a virgin danced for 24 hours, then was killed and skinned; her skin was worn by a priest in further dancing. One account says that at King Ahuitzotl's coronation, 80,000 prisoners were butchered to please the gods.

Islamic jihads (holy wars), mandated by the Koran, killed millions over 12 centuries. In early years, Muslim armies spread the faith rapidly: east to India and west to Morocco. Then splintering sects branded other Muslims as infidels and declared jihads against them. The Kharijis battled Sunni rulers. The Azariqis decreed death to all "sinners" and their families. In 1804 a Sudanese holy man, Usman dan Fodio, waged a bloody jihad that broke the religious sway of the Sultan of Gobir. In the 1850s another Sudanese mystic, 'Umar al-Hajj, led a barbaric jihad to convert pagan African tribes.

This article is licensed under the GFDL because it contains quotations from the Wikipedia articles: Mountain Meadow Massacrew, and Medieval Inquisition. Other sources: Religion's Death Toll, by James A. Haught [1990]

Listverse is a place for explorers. Together we seek out the most fascinating and rare gems of human knowledge. Three or more fact-packed lists daily.

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8 Atrocities Committed in the Name of Religion - Listverse

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Throughout history religion has been used as an excuse, or driving force, for some of the worst atrocities imaginable. From pre-history to modern history, religion is, for many people, just an excuse to kill other people. This list highlights eight of the worst atrocities (but not necessarily the top 8).

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This cartoon shows the effects on how society views groups of religious people after acts of terrorism. While this typically goes against the grain for social studies teachings, I believe it is an important talking point because it highlights America's tendencies to alienate certain practices when disaster strikes. It intrinsically forces the audience  to consider perspectives beyond their everyday experiences.

Citation:
http://www.highlandtechnology.org/old_activity_logs/2012-2013_activity_logs/civil_government_panel_april_2013.html

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This political cartoon depicts how Americans are mostly Christian and have persecuted other religions. It goes hand in hand with the other political cartoon because it explicitly shows the alienation of other religions. Furthermore, it brings attention to the Constitution's protection of religious freedom while showing how unaccepting Americans can sometimes be.
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/whitehindu/2014/06/religion-vs-lifestyle/