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Images: RAW, BMP, and PNG are all lossless image formats. JPEG and GIF are lossy image formats. Audio: WAV, FLAC, and ALAC (AppleLossless Audio Codec, used by iTunes) are all lossless audio formats.

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Lossless and lossy compression are terms that describe whether or not, in the compression of a file, all original data can be recovered when the file is uncompressed. With lossless compression, every single bit of data that was originally in the file remains after the file is uncompressed. All of the information is completely restored. This is generally the technique of choice for text or spreadsheet files, where losing words or financial data could pose a problem. On the other hand, lossy compression reduces a file by permanently eliminating certain information, especially redundant information. When the file is uncompressed, only a part of the original information is still there (although the user may not notice it). Lossy compression is generally used for video and sound, where a certain amount of information loss will not be detected by most users. The JPEG image file, commonly used for photographs and other complex still images on the Web, is an image that has lossy compression.

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The JPEG image file, commonly used for photographs and other complex still images on the Web, is an image that has lossy compression. Using JPEG compression, the creator can decide how much loss to introduce and make a trade-off between file size and image quality.
MP3, MP4, and OGG are lossy audio formats.

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works very differently. These programs simply eliminate "unnecessary" bits of information, tailoring the file so that it is smaller. This type of compression is used a lot for reducing the file size of bitmap pictures, which tend to be fairly bulky. To see how this works, let's consider how your computer might compress a scanned photograph.

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What does it mean when a file is compressed?

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What does it mean when a file is compressed?

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File compression is a data compression method in which the logical size of a file is reduced to save disk space for easier and faster transmission over a network or the Internet. It enables the creation of a version of one or more files with the same data at a size substantially smaller than the original file.

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Compression can be lossy or lossless. Lossless compression means that as the file size is compressed, the picture quality remains the same - it does not get worse. Also, the file can be decompressed to its original quality. Lossy compression permanently removes data.

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The re-encoding of data (usually the binary data used by computers) into a form that uses fewer bits of information than the original data.Compression is often used to speed the transmission of data such as text or visual images, or to minimize the memory resources needed to store such data.

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Mainly used today in the context of two-dimensional computer graphics. It is one of several modes an artist can use to create an image in different sizes for different mediums on a raster display.Vector is best used for graphic design packages like DrawPlus, PhotoShop and Illustrator.

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as you zoom further in, the image scales perfectly and does not lose quality.

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Vectors are used in science to describe anything that has both a direction and a magnitude. They are usually drawn as pointed arrows, the length of which represents the vector's magnitude. A quarterback's pass is a good example, because it has a direction (usually somewhere downfield) and a magnitude (how hard the ball is thrown).

Off the field, vectors can be used to represent any number of physical objects or phenomena. Wind, for instance, is a vectorial quantity, because at any given location it has a direction (such as northeast) and a magnitude (say, 45 kilometers per hour). You could make a map of airflow at any point in time, then, by drawing wind vectors for a number of different geographic locations.

Many properties of moving objects are also vectors. Take, for instance, a billiard ball rolling across a table. The ball's velocity vector describes its movement—the direction of the vector arrow marks the ball's direction of motion, and the length of the vector represents the speed of the ball.

The billiard ball's momentum is also a vectorial quantity, because momentum is equal to mass times velocity. Therefore, the ball's momentum vector points in the same direction as its velocity vector, and the momentum vector's magnitude, or length, is the multiplication product of the ball's speed and its mass.

Momentum vectors are useful when you want to predict what will happen when two objects come into contact. Recall from the video that vectors can be added together by joining them to make a shape called a parallelogram and finding the diagonal of that parallelogram. The diagonal is the sum of the two vectors that form the sides of the parallelogram.

Let's say that a rolling billiard ball is moving toward a glancing collision with a stationary billiard ball. On impact, the moving ball transfers some of its momentum to the stationary ball, and both roll away from the collision in different directions. Following the impact, both balls have velocity and hence momentum. In fact, the sum of the momentum vectors of the two balls after the collision is equal to the first ball's momentum vector before the collision, ignoring small losses due to friction as well as sound and heat energy produced during the impact.

So, with an understanding of vectors, billiards players can predict where both balls will go following a collision, allowing them to sink more target balls while keeping the cue ball safely on the table.

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  What are they typically
  used for?
  
 

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  What are they typically
  used for?
  
 

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Vector files such as AI and EPS can remain editable so you can open them back up in Illustrator and edit any text or other elements within the graphic. With images that contain text that are saved as a JPG, PNG or GIF, you would not be able to reopen and edit the text.

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Vector Images

Vector images differ from bitmaps at the most basic and fundamental level. Rather than being comprised of pixels, the vector image is made up of various “objects,” a term which essentially means lines and shapes. These objects are defined mathematically by a set of algorithms or formulas, which allow them to be redrawn over and over. This is not to say that using vector images requires any great mathematical skill, as the mathematics are handled almost entirely “behind the scenes,” by whatever software is using the image. It does, however, translate into an entirely different kind of functionality.

Whereas the bitmap is static, the vector image is dynamic. It is not restricted by size or shape. It can easily be shrunk or enlarged, widened or compressed.

Most forms of “clipart” are vector-based.

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Q5. Bitmap graphics file size are Large, as the computer stores details of every pixel. It would lose quality if it was resized.

Vector graphics file size are Small, as the computer stores details of objects, which do not require much memory. It would not lose quality if it was resized.

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BMP images are crisp and precise, but being pixel dependent they don’t scale well. On the web, the detail comes at the cost of file size and that’s why you won’t see BMP images used on the web.

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JPG is the de facto standard image format and the most popular one used on the web. JPG supports 16.7 million colors and is the preferred format for photographs. JPG files are also smaller in size as compared to other image formats because it uses ‘lossy’ compression to reduce the file size.

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Raster graphics file size vs Vector file size

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Raster graphics file size vs Vector file size

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Raster Graphics: The larger the image, the more disk space the image file will take up. For example, a 640 x 480 image requires information to be stored for 307,200 pixels, while a 3072 x 2048 image (from a 6.3 Megapixel digital camera) needs to store information for a whopping 6,291,456 pixels.
Vector files are mathematical instructions of how the end product should be created. These instructions remain the same whatever the final size of the graphic, so vector files can be enlarged with no loss of quality, and no jagged edges to any size.

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  Explain Pixilation –
  include diagrams/images
  
 

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  Explain Pixilation –
  include diagrams/images
  
 

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Pixelation is the display of a digitized image where the individual pixels are apparent to a viewer. This can happen unintentionally when a low-resolution image designed for an ordinary computer display is projected on a large screen and each pixel becomes separately view able.

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Vector images differ from bitmaps at the most basic and fundamental level. Rather than being comprised of pixels, the vector image is made up of various “objects,” a term which essentially means lines and shapes. These objects are defined mathematically by a set of algorithms or formulas, which allow them to be redrawn over and over. This is not to say that using vector images requires any great mathematical skill, as the mathematics are handled almost entirely “behind the scenes,” by whatever software is using the image.

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Raster graphics has origins in television technology, with images constructed much like the pictures on a television screen. A raster graphic is made up of a collection of tiny, uniformly sized pixels, which are arranged in a two-dimensional grid made up of columns and rows.

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Bitmap images are, for all intents and purposes, static. They are comprised of hundreds, and more often thousands, of tiny coloured ‘dots’ commonly called pixels. Each pixel has a fixed position within the makeup of the bitmap, and when these pixels are displayed together on a computer screen, they form an image.

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When you take a photograph using a digital camera or scan an image from a magazine, you are creating a bitmap graphic. A bitmap graphic is composed of many tiny parts, called pixels, which are often many different colors. It is possible to edit each individual pixel.