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(10/3) I can practice for diagram quiz/break down sleep stages 

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(10/3) I can practice for diagram quiz/break down sleep stages 

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1- feeling tired, starting to fall asleep, heart rate and breathing slow, brain activity shifts from beta waves to alpha waves to theta waves
2- heart rate and breathing slow, body temperature drops, short bursts of brain activity
3- pituitary gland releases growth, body rejuvenates, delta waves
4- same as three, just increase in delta waves
REM- eyes move back and forth, dreaming, breathing and heart rate increase

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(9/30) I can explain the difference between the two hemispheres and begin sleep

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(9/30) I can explain the difference between the two hemispheres and begin sleep

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Video Questions
Why do we sleep? To allow neurons in the brain time to recuperate, allow glands to secrete hormones and help the body grow.
How long is the sleep cycle? 90 minutes
Can you name the correct order? 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 REM
What happens to stages 3 and 4 as you sleep longer? They get shorter/go away
What's the best stage to wake up in? 1
During which stage do we dream? REM (paradoxical sleep)
What is the difference between latent and manifest content of dreams? Manifest is what actually happened, latent is what it means
What is a question you have about sleep that was not answered in this video? How to get to sleep and how to stay asleep

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Video Questions
Corpus Callosum, allows two hemispheres to communicate
Sensory and motor cortex send messages through the body telling it what to do
Which part of the brain would you rather live without?
I'd rather live without the left because I don't wanna be without my creativity and emotions because if I were I wouldn't feel human

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(9/29) I can understand the endocrine system and influence of drugs on the body 

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(9/29) I can understand the endocrine system and influence of drugs on the body 

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Endocrine system- system of glands that regulate processes over a long period of time, such as growth.
Hypothalamus gland- in the lower central part of brain; link between endocrine and nervous systems, stimulates or suppresses hormone secretions from pituitary
Pituitary gland- base of brain beneath hypothalamus; controls several other glands, growth hormones, hormones affecting sex organs, hormones act on kidney cells
Thyroid gland- front part of lower neck; mental and physical growth
Parathyroid gland- 4 glands attached to thyroid; raises calcium levels
Pancreas gland- produces insulin
Adrenal gland- beneath pancreas; produces adrenalin, raises blood pressure, heartbeat, and breathing rate
Reproductive glands- females: ovaries; control uterus, growth of body hair and fat cells, growth of breasts. males: testes; growth of facial hair and body hair, muscular growth
Cocaine- blocks transporters that reabsorb dopamine, leaving dopamine trapped in the synaptic cleft, allowing it to bind to the receptors again and again overstimulating the cell
LSD- mimics serotonin receptors in the brain
Alcohol- inhibits GABA receptors and prevents glutamate from exciting the cell
Meth- mimics dopamine and is absorbed by transporters, then forces dopamine out into the synaptic cleft, where it binds again and again to receptors to overstimulate the cells
Marijuana- THC mimics anandamide and binds to cannabinoid receptors, releasing dopamine; unlike anandamide, THC does not break down quickly
Ecstasy- mimics serotonin and is absorbed by serotonin receptors, where it then starts shooting out serotonin that in turn binds to the cell and overstimulates it
Heroin- mimics natural opiates and binds to opiate receptors, allowing dopamine to flood the synapse

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(9/27) QOD: Using evidence for the function of the frontal lobe, explain in 3 sentences or more, what does it mean to be human? 

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(9/27) QOD: Using evidence for the function of the frontal lobe, explain in 3 sentences or more, what does it mean to be human? 

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I agree that to be human would be to accept that other people are human too. We have to accept other peoples emotions and feelings and their own perspectives, and hope that others do the same to us. To be human we need to understand that everyone is flawed and accept those flaws, to know that everyone will make mistakes and strive to learn and grow from not only our mistakes but those of others.

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(9/27) I can understand the lobes of the brain with fruit

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(9/27) I can understand the lobes of the brain with fruit

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(9/26) I can understand the parts of the hindbrain with broccoli

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(9/26) I can understand the parts of the hindbrain with broccoli

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(9/23) I can create a brain injury skit with WeVideo 

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(9/23) I can create a brain injury skit with WeVideo 

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(9/22) QOD: How does the findings of Jim's scan and the mind reading discovery help answer theoretical questions in ways that existing measures cannot

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(9/22) QOD: How does the findings of Jim's scan and the mind reading discovery help answer theoretical questions in ways that existing measures cannot

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Jim's scans gave more genetic evidence to how people would become killers, and because the genetic evidence is something scientifically sound it makes it easier to follow leads genetic evidence.

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(9/22) I can identify the different parts of the brain

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(9/22) I can identify the different parts of the brain

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Hindbrain- earliest to evolve; medulla, pons, cerebellum
Midbrain- sensory info; emotion and pain
Forebrain- thinking, reasoning, what makes us human; collection of upper-level brain structures, including thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system
Pons- sleep/wake cycle, facial recognition
Medulla- breathing, heart rate
Cerebellum- balance, coordination
Reticular formation- bundle of neurons in hind, mid, and part of forebrain (middle of brain stem). sends alert signals, filters incoming stimuli, controls arousal
Spinal cord
Cerebrum/Cerebral cortex- 2 hemispheres, highly developed in humans, convolutions: sensations, motor control, and higher mental processes
Left hemisphere- logic
Right hemisphere- creativity
Hippocampus- new memories
Amygdala- fear and aggression
Hypothalamus- life functions; breathing, sleeping, hunger, thirst, sex drive
Pituitary gland- hormones
Thalamus- directs sensory messages
Corpus callosum- thread like connections between hemispheres
Frontal lobe- personality, logic, problem solving
Parietal lobe- sensory information
Occipital lobe- visual processing
Temporal lobe- auditory processing
Motor cortex- movement, more agile=more area
Sensory cortex- sensory processing, senses minus smell, more sensitive=greater area
Broca's area- speech
Wernickes's area- language comprehension

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(9/21) I can identify the different brain imaging techniques

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(9/21) I can identify the different brain imaging techniques

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CT Scan (Computerized Axial Tomography)- uses x-rays to determine structures
EEG (Electroencephalogram)- measures brain activity
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)- uses a magnetic field to measure structures
fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)- shows both structure and activity
PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography)- uses radioactive glucose to measure activity

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(9/20) I can identify the different types of neurotransmitters

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(9/20) I can identify the different types of neurotransmitters

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Acetylcholine (ach)
-Excitatory
-Movement, arousal, attention, memory
-Too much: Spasms
-Too little: Paralysis
Dopamine
-Inhibitory or excitatory
-Emotions and pleasure, involuntary movements
-Too much: Schizophrenia
-Too little: Parkinson's
Serotonin
-Inhibitory
-Activity levels, sleep, mood, eating
-Too much: Euphoria, muscle twitching
-Too little: Sleeplessness, depression
Norepinephrine
-Excitatory
-Arousal, wakefulness, learning, memory
-Too much: arousal and anxiety
-Too little: memory impairment, depression?
Endorphins
-Inhibitory
-Inhibits pain message
-Too much: no pain
-Too little: increase in pain
Gamma Amino-butyric Acid (GABA)
-Inhibits neurons from firing
-Increases sleep and relaxation
-Too much: shortness of breath
-Too little: anxiety, seizures

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(9/19) I can understand the process of neurotransmission and parts of a neuron

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(9/19) I can understand the process of neurotransmission and parts of a neuron

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Dendrite- bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
Axon- neuron extension that passes through its branches to other neurons or muscles or glands
Sending neuron- neuron that is sending the message
Synaptic gap- gap between axon tip of one cell and dendrite of the other
Nucleus- structure in the center that holds growth and genetic info
Terminal branches- club shaped endings by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells or with effector cells
Vesicle- store various neurotransmitters
Cell body- spherical part of the neuron that contains the nucleus
Myelin sheath- fatty tissue layer sentimentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one to the next
Action potential- neural impulse; brief electric charge that travels down an axon
Neurotransmitters- chemical messages
Receptor sites- molecular structure or site on the surface or interior of a cell that binds with substances such as hormones, antigens, drugs, or neurotransmitters
Receiving neuron- neuron receiving neurotransmitters during neurotransmission
Agonist molecule- mimics a neurotransmitter, fits into the receptor site and excites the site
Antagonist molecule- fits into receptor site but is not similar enough to stimulate it, instead blocks or inhibits the function of the receptor

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(9/16) I can understand reassessment procedures and addiction perspectives

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(9/16) I can understand reassessment procedures and addiction perspectives

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Reassessment procedure:
3 days after the test-
Show evidence of relearning
Written petition of how you
relearned and are ready for
corrections
5 days after the test-
Complete reassessment in
testing center WITHOUT
NOTES