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drawing of odd shaped congressional districts to favor one political party over the other

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Members of Congress can mail stuff for FREE to their constituents

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when a committee sets aside a bill without considering it

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with a 2/3rds vote in BOTH houses

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Happens when Congress passes a bill within 10 days of ending their session, and the president DOES NOT sign the bill the bil

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Just  wants to become a law

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Seniority System (members who have served the LONGEST get best committee assignments_

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Seniority System (members who have served the LONGEST get best committee assignments_

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Overview of Legislative Process

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Congress.gov: Overview of the Legislative Process

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Conference Committee ( a joint committee made up of members of the HOR & the Senate to iron out difference in versions of a bill)

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Conference Committee ( a joint committee made up of members of the HOR & the Senate to iron out difference in versions of a bill)

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Speaker of the House(most powerful person in the Congress

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Speaker of the House(most powerful person in the Congress

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All taxing & spending bill originate (begin) with HOR

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All taxing & spending bill originate (begin) with HOR

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President Pro tempore (temporary leader of the Senate)

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President Pro tempore (temporary leader of the Senate)

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House Rules Committee (Traffic Cop in the HOR; puts a bill on the calendar)

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House Rules Committee (Traffic Cop in the HOR; puts a bill on the calendar)

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How A Bill Becomes A Law | U.S. Representative Alan Lowenthal

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House: Debate is limited by the rules formulated in the Rules Committee. The Committee of the Whole debates and amends the bill but cannot technically pass it. Debate is guided by the Sponsoring Committee and time is divided equally between proponents and opponents. The Committee decides how much time to allot to each person.

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Senate (17th Amendment changed way Senators chosen

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Senate (17th Amendment changed way Senators chosen

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Direct election of Senators by voters

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House of Representatives (always been elected by the people,  # of representatives based on population numbers

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House of Representatives (always been elected by the people,  # of representatives based on population numbers

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The Great Depression (1930's, 1/4-1/3 of Americans umployed)

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The Great Depression (1930's, 1/4-1/3 of Americans umployed)

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Recession ( happens at the trough phase) 

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Recession ( happens at the trough phase) 

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Trough (low point in the business cycle, high unemployment)

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Trough (low point in the business cycle, high unemployment)

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Contraction Phase (economy shrinking, businesses starting cut back, lay off workers)

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Contraction Phase (economy shrinking, businesses starting cut back, lay off workers)

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Peak (aka BOOM! period, full employment, worry about INFLATION)

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Peak (aka BOOM! period, full employment, worry about INFLATION)

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4 Phases (Peak, Contraction, Trough, Expansion

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4 Phases (Peak, Contraction, Trough, Expansion

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(Ups & Downs of the economy)

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Necessary  & Proper Cause (aka elastic clause) allows Congress to "stretch" it expressed powers

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Necessary  & Proper Cause (aka elastic clause) allows Congress to "stretch" it expressed powers

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Implied Powers (Powers not stated in the Constitution)

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Implied Powers (Powers not stated in the Constitution)

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Concurrent Powers ("con" means "with"; shared powers)

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Concurrent Powers ("con" means "with"; shared powers)

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Ex. Power to tax

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Reserved Powers (powers given to the state govts., 10th Amendment)

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Reserved Powers (powers given to the state govts., 10th Amendment)

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Enumerated Powers (17 powers expressed in the US Constitution)

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Enumerated Powers (17 powers expressed in the US Constitution)

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Baron de Montesquieu's Big Idea (Mon-tes-quieu 3 syllables=3 branches of govt.)

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Baron de Montesquieu's Big Idea (Mon-tes-quieu 3 syllables=3 branches of govt.)

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National level -US Supreme Court
State level- NC Supreme Court

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National level- the President
North Carolina-the Governor

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National level- the US Congress
North Carolina- the NC General Assembly

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(reflects idea of popular sovereignty)