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"utter savages", "live in the midst of the incomprehensible"

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17-19

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The African and europeans are in a fight with each other , and kurtz is on a mission and he is aloud to kill people, and the horror and the death destroys him
- Kurtz became the horror after killing people, which he enjoyed.

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Complexion: a more formal way to say, that they are different

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"It survived his strength to hide in the magnificent folds of eloquence the barren darkness of his heart. Oh, he struggled! He struggled! The wastes of his weary brain were haunted by shadowy images now" s. 19 l. 12-15

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"different complexion... slightly flatter nose than ourselves" - describing a nother race
"... not a pretty thing if you look into it too much" - we here learn that the generalisation that he has made is not positive - the way he looks at himself and his own race is shown in the way that he describes this "flat nose" race

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"his was an impenetrable darkness. i look at him as you peer down at a man who is lying at the bottom of a precipice where the sun never shines"

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Like a running blaze on a plain, like a flash of lightning in the clouds.
- about life maybe?

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"mysterious life", "savagery", "fascination", "abomination"

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multiple points of view

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A story within a story

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Mostly in Vietnam

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- Pull yourself together

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between 1876 and 1892

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"The wilderness"
"The hearts of wild men"

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that the horror of the situation is described vividly and in detail. A political statement about Imperialism.

“Imagine him here – the very end of the world, a sea the colour of lead, a sky the colour of smoke…sandbanks, marshes, forests, savages - … cold, fog, tempests, disease exile and death – death skulking in the air, in the water in the bush.” page 16

"the savagery, the utter savagery had closed around him"

"There's no initiation either into such mysteries... he has to live in the midst of the incomprehnsible, which is also detestable...the fascination of the abomination ... you know... the longing to escape, the powerless disgust, the surrender, the hate"

The horrors created by Imperialism are reflected in the surroundings and the degradation of the people around them. That darkness is potentially inherent in all human hearts.

The failure of European ideologies in Africa (Imperialism) (American ideology in Vietnam - Liberalism) proves the failure and moral bankruptcy of Europe (America)

Intricate and vivid evocation of colonial oppression.

The work in which the 19 century becomes the 20th. A forerunner for many modern literary techniques.

“There were no colonialists; their administration was merely a squeeze and nothing more,… they were conquerors, and for that you want only brute force … they grabbed what they could get for the sake of what was to be got. It was just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind – as it is very proper for those who tackle a darkness. The conquest of the earth … is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much. What redeems it is the idea only… and an unselfish belief in the idea – something you can set up, and bow down before, and offer a sacrifice to...” page 17

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He wished that europeans will be better.

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Marlow the sailor, is our main character. He tells about a trip to the heart of Afrika. It takes places in the eighties, in Africa

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Modern: the theme - problematises war and stuff
"A voice! a voice! It rang deep to the very last. It survived his strength to hide in the magnificent folds of eloquence the barren darkness of his heart" page G19, l. 12

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''My Intended, my station, my career, my ideas - these were the subjects for the occasional utterances of elevated sentiments''

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- Written by Joseph Conrad
- Mr Kurtz - The most successful ivory trader
- The story was written and published in 1899
-  Inspired by Conrad’s journey to the Congo in 1890

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who = Marlow

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who = Marlow

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The horror of war which he wishes to end

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He describes people with flat noses with a different complexion/colour of skin. He generalises a race :)<3

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Aggravated murder, robbery with violence

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Marlow a sailor and Kurtz -the most succesful ivory trader.
Marlow tells a story about a voyage to the heart of the african continent
In the late eighties
The heart of the african continent

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1) Find examples of the modernist writing style

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6) Kurtz was an educated and civilized man who, far from the restrains of civilisation, exercised a semi divine power over the natives through intimidation and barbaric rites. His wrongdoings have, however, left a terrible mark on him. Find references in the text to the darkness, shadows, terror and despair that surround kurtz

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5) What crimes are the conquest of territories associated with in lines 45-47?

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4) Kurtz has used horrific means for the cause of western colonialism. As he approaches death, he tries to justify his actions. At which point in the text does he suggest that his motives may justify what he has done?

(look at page 19)

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7) Kurtz's final words are "The horror! The horror!". What, in your opinion, is he referring to?

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WHO?
WHAT?
WHEN?
WHERE?

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2) According to Marlow, forests, jungles and the heart of men contain a dark, indecipherable and yet intriguing secret. Which words in lines 28-32 page g16 contribute to creating the idea of inexplicable mystery?

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3) In page g17 lines 48-50 Marlow avoids generalisation by the use of characteristic details. what are the details and what is the generalisation he is making?