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El acento del "gringo" es  una distracción a las hispanohablantes y a veces es imposible a entender.  Los cinco consejos son 1. practicar "RR", 2. acentuar "LL", 3. pronunciar cada letra, y 4.prestar atención a los tildes, y 5. finalmente pronunciar todas las palabras con un acento español. Pienso que estos consejos son un buen comienzo.

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You can study Spanish for years and still maintain that pesky gringo accent. Eve if your grammar is perfect, if your accent is off, you're going to have problems. The best case scenario is that the gringo accent will be distracting, while the worst case is that it will be so off that native speakers will not be able to understand you. Here's 5 ways to work on losing that accent.

1. Work that RR

This is one of the very hardest things for non-native Spanish speakers to master. Whenever you see a RR in a word, you're got to roll it. It may not seem like a big deal, but it can change the meaning of a word. For example, carro is a car, while caro means expensive.

Some people believe that if you can't roll your R's, you never will be able to. I am living proof that this is not true! I struggled with this for years. It was so frustrating to have perfect grammar and then mess it up with that cursed double R. You know what finally cured me? Using it every single day. When I moved to Argentina, I had to learn it. Partially because I wanted to assimilate so badly, and partially because my name is Rease and if I didn't roll that R, no one knew what the hell I was talking about. Generally, they still didn't, but the rolling R sound really helped.

2. Do not ignore the LL

You learn that the double L is pronounced like a Y in Spanish 1, yet it still seems to be an issue for many foreigners. Just like the double R, the double L is very important. It's not as big as an issue when it comes to word confusion, but you just sound like such an amateur when you say "me lamo" or "cale" instead of "me YA-mo" and "Cai-YE." Don't let yourself slip up.

3. Pronounce every letter

This isn't English. With the exception of the H, Spanish doesn't have silent letters. You need to make sure you hit every single letter in every word. That doesn't mean speak at a snail's pace, it just means not skipping over letters. If you do not enunciate, you sound sloppy, and you could also end up saying the wrong word. For example, cargar means to charge, while cagar means to shit. You skip that R, and you've just significantly altered the meaning of your sentence.

4. Mind the accent marks

When you first start learning Spanish, you may have ignored those funny little dashes above letters. That's fine for a beginner, but if you really want to lose that gringo accent, you need to pay attention to the accent marks. It's not VA-cio, it's va-CI-o (empty). A prime example is the word papa versus papá. The first meaning potato, the latter meaning Dad. For more meanings and usages of the word papa read PAPA: 4 Letters Mean 7 Different Words.

5. Remember you are speaking Spanish, no matter how similar the word is to English

You'd think words that look very similar to their English translation would be a blessing, but when it comes to pronunciation, they can cause problems. For example, the word educación. Those who are plagued by the gringo accent would probably pronounce it more like "education" in English rather than the proper Spanish pronunciation, e-du-ca-see-OHN. Don't let yourself get lazy and slip into an English pronunciation. No matter how close the word may be, it needs to be pronounced according to the Spanish pronunciation rules.

If you follow these 5 rules, you will be well on your way to kissing that gringo accent goodbye. ¡Buena Suerte!
Other Speaking Latino suggestions to help improve your accent:
* Why are accents important in Spanish?
* 6 Tongue Twisters to Improve Your Spanish Pronunciation* How Locals Perceive a Foreign Accent in Spanish
Check out these other articles about How to Speak Spanish.
Featured photo credit: left-hand via photo pin cc

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5 Ways to Lose the Gringo Accent in Spanish

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You can study Spanish for years and still maintain that pesky gringo accent. Eve if your grammar is perfect, if your accent is off, you're going to have problems. The best case scenario is that the gringo accent will be distracting, while the worst case is that it will be so off that native speakers [...]

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Los estudiantes de SPN 330L saben que es importante hablar español en Los Estados Unidos, pero, hay muchas personas que no piensen que español es importante saber en Los Estados Unidos. El artículo reconoce que es mejor aprender el idioma del país en el que está, pero porque esto no siempre es el caso y esto es porque es beneficial hablar español.

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It's hard to argue against that answer to the first question: It's clearly better for immigrants to speak the language of their adopted country. They will be more competitive for jobs and feel more connected to society. But the shortsightedness implied by the second question is troubling: a population that speaks several languages is helpful, not harmful, to America's economy and national security.

The conversation among conservatives about undocumented immigrants and what they perceive as a threat to American identity has indeed been ongoing. These days, it's tied to a virulent, anti-immigrant sentiment -- focused on "brown people"-- and apparently aimed at using "the other" to galvanize the base, especially during the campaign.

In this context, language is an easy target; it's the way foreign origins are most obviously expressed. We hear an accent, or English that's difficult to understand, and tag the speaker as an outsider, someone whose allegiances might not be clear.

This is why Donald Trump criticized fellow presidential candidate Jeb Bush for answering questions on the campaign trai l posed to him in Spanish in that same language; Trump turned what some might consider an admirable and politically useful skill into a mark of snobbery or out-of-touchness with "real" America.

And it's why some viewers took Vanessa Ruiz, a Hispanic news anchor in a heavily Hispanic state (Arizona), to task -- not for mangling Spanish-language words, but for pronouncing them correctly -- i.e. in a manner "Americans" could not understand.

Our nation of immigrants has plenty of words borrowed from other languages -- did you eat a taco today, or maybe have a latte? -- but our ethos of assimilation means even those words have to sound "right" to us, which often means they in fact sound wrong.

Taking things one step further, Trump ally Sarah Palin asserted recently that people who don't want to "speak American" in America have no business living here. And at Wednesday's earlier, second-tier CNN debate, Sen. Lindsay Graham said immigrants must "learn our language" to be allowed to stay in the country.

This blunt instrument line of reasoning is against our country's long-term interests. We need more, not fewer, multilingual people to settle in America -- and keep their native languages along with English -- if we want to be competitive in a globalized economy.

Yes, English is the world's lingua franca now, especially for business, diplomacy, and technology (which has greatly helped our nation's businesses to outsource to places like India), but mastering a foreign language has many layers of usefulness: it opens a window into how other people think and what they value, including how they feel about money (seen often through idioms). This is important knowledge for doing business with foreign entities.

Speaking multiple languages -- yes, Spanish among them -- simply creates more opportunities, more influence and potentially more profit as well.

It is surprising that Donald Trump has made linguistic ignorance one of his proud calling cards, given how heavily his businesses invest abroad, and how many foreign investors have a stake in his American-based enterprises.

The case for multilingualism can also be made for national security, an area Republicans deeply care about. Beyond the obvious benefits in espionage and other kinds of intelligence work, having new Americans who are able to keep their native languages -- Arabic, for example -- and not let them lapse, opens up the possibility of having a deep pool of interpreters for our involvements abroad.

If they are lucky, countries have nationals in service with fluency in the right languages, but it's common for armed services to have to utilize local people, indeed raising issues of trust as well as cost and logistics. This is one reason modern empires welcomed multilingualism and in fact invested in language schools for their personnel on the ground.

A multilingual America can only help the United States military, now that many operations abroad make heavy use of counterinsurgency warfare, with its higher and more diversified contact with the local population. In Iraq and Afghanistan, the United States had to depend heavily on local interpreters, and we are still involved in managing the difficult aftereffects of that engagement: interpreters our country hired and then left behind, and who are now subject to retaliation.

According to a 2009 report by the United Nations High Committee on Refugees, cited by Ben Anderson in his Vice News report "The Interpreters", one interpreter was being killed every 36 hours. Although the U.S State Department subsequently implemented a special immigrant visa program for Iraqi and Afghan translators and interpreters, the creation of this class of refugees is a testament to the power of language politics, and an example of the fallout from American insufficiencies in this area.

Isolationist tendencies have a long history in America, and desires like those professed by Palin, Graham, and Trump to hear only English around them come under this category. There is little question that people living in America should know how to speak English. But that is only part of a larger reality.

The world has changed. The ongoing refugee crisis and its extension into the heart of Europe shows that you cannot just shut out what you don't want to see and hear. It's not in our economic or national security interest to build walls around us, even of the linguistic kind.

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why it's good to speak spanish in america - cnn

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Why it's good to speak Spanish in America - CNN

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It's hard to argue against that answer to the first question: It's clearly better for immigrants to speak the language of their adopted country. They will be more competitive for jobs and feel more connected to society. But the shortsightedness implied by the second question is troubling: a population that speaks several languages is helpful, not harmful, to America's economy and national security.

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Este pagina es una mapa de los países que hablan español y información sobre el porcentaje de los hispanohablantes en diez países.  El población de los hispanohablantes es más grande en Mexico. 24.3 porcentaje de hispanohablantes del mundo son de Mexico. El país segundo es Colombia con 9.95 porcentaje de los hispanohablantes del mundo.

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world top ten countries with most spanish language speakers

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world top ten countries with most spanish language speaker

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top ten countries with most spanish language speaker in the world

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top 10 countries with most spanish language speaker

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Spanish Speaking Countries of the World - Top 10

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Spanish is the official language of around 20 countries like Mexico, Colombia, Spain, but there are several others where a large population speaks Spanish. Find the top 10 on world map

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Este artículo es sobre los lenguajes en Los Estados Unidos.  Inglés es primero,  español es segundo. La diferencia entre las personas que hablan inglés y que hablan español es 193664438.  El artículo también habla sobre el papel del media. La razón que Mandarin es tercero es porque de la tecnología en países
asiáticos.

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Society
English reigns in the United States, but Spanish and other languages are also spoken throughout the country.

Although the country has no official language, English is the most commonly spoken language within the United States, and the explanation for this is very simple. America, before gaining its independence, was a British colony. The country therefore inherited much of its culture as well as language from the British. A majority of the country's population has British ancestry which, along with other factors, has contributed to English standing strong within American language and culture. English is used in official platforms across most states, and almost the entirety of the population has basic knowledge regarding English language usage. Still, other languages are gaining traction as being frequently used within America's borders, and we look at some of the most prominent influences on this trend.

Following English, the most spoken languages in the United States are Spanish, Chinese, French, Tagalog, and Vietnamese.

A Country of Immigrants

Immigration has largely influenced the demographic patterns of the United States. The predominant majority of US immigrants hail from neighboring Mexico and other Latin American countries. A large influx of Hispanic people has made Spanish the second most widely spoken language within the country, and the number is ever growing as Spanish-speaking influences are unlikely to lose ground anytime soon. In California and Texas, the Spanish language is spoken and understood to some degree by over 20% of the population. Other states where Spanish's influence can be greatly felt are New York and Florida. With the latter, this can be attributed to being close to Cuba and receiving many immigrants from there and from elsewhere in the Caribbean.

The Role of Media

Technology has had a direct influence on the frequency and variety of languages being spoken in the United States. This has increased with the high level of tech dominance that the country has come to enjoy in recent years. Tech companies, in a bid to keep up with a high level of global competition, have been forced to call in expatriates from other tech dominant nations. Most of these expatriates are from Asian countries where technology has been at the forefront of economic development for decades. Mandarin Chinese is the most widely spoken Asian language, with the figure being put close to 2% of the United States general population being able to communicate in it. Many Asians have also moved into the US for other business purposes as well. Besides Chinese, other Asian languages commonly heard spoken within the United States include Korean, Tagalog, and Vietnamese.

German and Jewish Influences

Though English and Spanish lead the pack of common languages spoken in the United States, two other interesting common languages are German and Hebrew. There have been large numbers of German immigrants coming into America for centuries since the colonization of the New World. In fact, German-Americans are among the largest groups of ethnic identities present within the country, and the German influence in the United States can be heavily felt in places such as Chicago and the Dakotas. Hebrew is also commonly spoken around the country, and this can be explained by the fact that the United States is also one of the countries with the highest Jewish populations outside Israel. The United States and Israel share very close political and economic ties, and this has contributed to a large influx of Israelis into the country. Many Jews also immigrated to the US from Europe, especially in relation to the rise of Fascism and the events of World War II, along with other tragedies on the European continent during the 20th century. Los Angeles and New York City are great examples of American cities with large Jewish populations today, with a preferred language of communication often being Hebrew.

The Absence of Native American Languages

Without question, the United States is highly multicultural as a country, due to having drawn so many people from all parts of the world to live and work within its shores. But once cannot forget about the many Native American languages spoken by the original inhabitants of this area. Many Native American tribes are emphasizing that their children learn their original languages, lest they should be lost after centuries of persecution and imposed assimilation. This being said, it is worth noting that no Native American language actually makes it to the list of the top 25 spoken within the United States. The Navajo language, which is the most widely spoken Native American language in the US today, has only roughly 170 thousand speakers, with Hebrew just making it to the 25th spot on the list with close to 213 thousand speakers. The state of the preservation and growth of Native American languages is still a major issue within the US.

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Society English reigns in the United States, but Spanish and other languages are also spoken throughout the country. Although the country has no official language, English is the most commonly spoken language within the United States, and the explanation for this is very simple. America, before gaining its independence, was a British colony.

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Este articulo es sobre el dialecto en Austin, Texas. Hay frases que dicen en Austin que son raros y específicos a la ciudad.
El significado de la frase es interpretado diferentemente por los locals que alguien nuevo a la ciudad. Un ejemplo en el artículo es cuando una persona local dice "“It’s so nice out. Let’s do something outside!”, y el significado es: "Let's go drink on a patio".

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Believe it or not, there's more to mastering Austin's dialect than adopting the word "y'all" and talking with a mouth full of tacos as you complain about traffic, rent hikes, and noise ordinances. In all actuality, Austinite is really a language all its own, and behind every seemingly innocuous sentence, well, there's often a whole lot of bullsh... subtext, there's a whole lot of subtext. So to help you navigate these convoluted conversational waters, here's a little translation guide.

These Cosplay Wings Are the Closest You'll Come to Being a Bird

"We've gotten really into AcroYoga lately."

Translation: We're one of those couples doing freaky stuff at the park, and we know what you're thinking: we have tried this in the bedroom. (P.S.: Please ignore the black eye -- that's where I fell on his face.)

"Is there a cover?"

Translation: Please tell me now if I need to get cash back when buying gum and cigarettes at the gas station so I don't get reamed by a $6 surcharge at a Red River ATM.

"I guess we're going to Dirty." [In the most resigned tone imaginable]

Translation: I have friends visiting from out of town and am therefore obligated to take them to Sixth St for cheap shots, subpar pizza, the realization of Real World: Austin dreams at Dizzy Rooster and -- depending on the amount of $5 liquor pitchers consumed at Shakespeare's -- maybe some mechanical bull attempts at Trophy Club. There is a 72-hour hangover in my future.

"Have you registered to vote?"

Translation: You seriously need to vote. Or maybe move.

"Set times?"

Translation: I need to know how long I can drink for cheap at Side Bar without missing the headliner I bought the ticket to see.

"It's fucking hot."

Translation: Seriously... it's fucking hot.

"I can't wait 'til summer."

Translation: I temporarily forgot how fucking hot summer is.

"How long have you lived in Austin?"

Translation: I'm pretty sure I moved here before you, and I want to assert my superiority.

"Running late -- 35* is slammed. Be there soon!"

Translation: I haven't technically left my apartment yet -- and I'm probably not even be wearing pants -- but whether I'm telling you this at 3am or 3pm, there's no way in hell you can dispute it, because it's definitely true. (*MoPac may be substituted for 35 when convenient.)

"Wyd tonight??"

Translation: I sent this text to 25 people searching for the Saturday-night holy grail: something fun, free, and within biking distance. There is a four-percent chance you'll actually see me or hear from me at any point this evening.

"Let's see a movie."

Translation: I want to sit in the dark, eat massive amounts of food, and drink beer without talking to anyone, and doing it at Alamo instead of at home on a Friday night means it's not sad, it's social!

"(Insert music festival here) dates announced!"

Translation: Rainout and/or dust storm dates announced!

"I'm not even going to ACL this year."

Translation: I'm going to persistently bitch about the lineup and crowds for the five months leading up to ACL and then cave the week before and buy a wristband off Craigslist because FOMO is way worse than any and all festival pitfalls.

"Do I have to dress up?"

Translation: This is your only chance to tell me if Vans or flip-flops aren't acceptable for this event... in which case I'll put on a slightly nicer pair of Vans or flip-flops.

"I think I know that guy."

Translation: Not sure if I've matched with that guy on Tinder or he just looks exactly the same as every other bearded bro in Austin.

Courtesy of Whisler's

"It's so nice out. Let's do something outside!"

Translation: Let's go drink on a patio.

"What are you doing Tuesday?"

Translation: My band is playing a gig at this coffee shop that in no world meets the acoustic or atmospheric requirements to qualify as a real music venue. Please come because last time it was just four people on laptops who didn't even take their headphones out and a ponytailed barista who looked really pissed about pausing his Pandora.

"#bartonsprings #bartonsprung #summer #Austin #ATX #nofilter #blessed"

Translation: I spent two hours on a Saturday afternoon waiting in line and sweating balls while being surrounded by way too many kids and drinking beer out of a Big Gulp cup so I could get this obligatory seasonal Instagram post. I won't be back until it's time to do this again next summer. (And fine, I totally used a filter.)

"So, you're sure this is vegan?"

Translation: I know you've got a green V or a leaf or whatever designated icon next to this menu item and that this is Austin where people actually know what the word vegan means, but we're still living in a country that celebrates topping bacon with more bacon so I really need some verbal confirmation with accompanying eye contact here. If it turns out this isn't vegan, I will stab you with this salad fork.. or more likely only tip 15% and write a really disappointed Yelp review.

"Should we take a pedicab?"

Translation: My feet are killing me. Please tell me you have cash.

"Austin has changed so much."

Translation: In terms of relatable conversation topics, we both know this is basically the equivalent of talking about the weather, so let's just enjoy some mutually cathartic, at-this-point-autopilot complaining about condos, crowds, Californians, and other cliché ways that Austin just isn't the same, maaaaan.

"It's way up north."

Translation: It's north of wherever I live. Which, for the record, isn't "up north."

"Brunch?"

Translation: I'm well aware that it's 3pm but I can't order eight mimosas or hashtag Sunday Funday at "lunch." So... brunch?

"I'm in line at Franklin."

Translation: People are in town with a gastronomic bucket list comprised of 50 Food Network-featured restaurants and... oh, god... they even read that story about how Kanye couldn't cut. I'll be waiting in a Black Friday-caliber line for barbecue for the next five hours, but I'll get you brisket if you bring me beer!?

"We're heading to West if you wanna meet up."

Translation: If you wanna come drink with "young professionals" at a discreetly racist rooftop bar, I'm meeting Chad, Brad, and the rest of the Dallas-bred dad-bod squad there soon. Bring chicks.

"Wanna grab coffee?"

Translation: Let's head to a coffee shop that serves brews and booze and pretend we're going to get coffee before openly embracing our Austin-acceptable level of alcoholism and ordering beer at 10am instead.

"I need to detox." [On Monday morning]

Translation: I'm not drinking until Tuesday. Then, margaritas?

"We bought a house in Cedar Park, but it's only, like, 25 minutes from Austin!"

Translation: We got married and gave up. You will never see us again.

Sign up here for our daily Austin email and be the first to get all the food/drink/fun in town.

Sam Sumpter is an Austin-based writer who is seriously on her way to wherever you are but MoPac sucks, swear. See if you can figure out what she's really talking about @Sam_Sumpta.

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What People in Austin Say and What They Really Mean

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Believe it or not, there's more to mastering Austin's dialect than adopting the word "y'all" and talking with a mouth full of tacos as you complain about traffic, rent hikes, and noise ordinances. In all actuality, Austinite is really a language all its own, and behind every seemingly innocuous sentence, well, there's often a whole lot of bullsh...

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Este pagina es muy ayudoso con los variedades de la lengua. El articulo tiene una lista de varidades y los significados, conceptos básicos sobre lenguajes, el significado de dialectos y variedades de lenguas. También, menciona las situaciones en que la lengua es diferente, como formal, familiar, vulgar, y culto. El artículo también menciona la variedad de los niños; es diferente.

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En este tema vamos a estudiar las diferentes variedades de la lengua. Estas se dan en su aspecto anacrónico como sincrónico. Es decir, el primero se refiere a los cambios que experimenta una lengua con el uso a lo largo del paso del tiempo (lo hemos visto en el tema anterior ); el aspecto sincrónico se refiere al empleo de la lengua actual en las tres variedades principales que podemos encontrarnos:

Variedad diatópica: Have referencia a las variedades regionales o locales de una lengua.

Variedad diafásica: Esta se ocupa de analizar el empleo de la lengua en los diferentes contextos.

Variedad diastrática: en relación a los estratos o niveles de conocimiento de la lengua, o sea: culto, coloquial y vulgar.

Antes de adentrarnos en las variedades de la lengua, conviene repasar la definición de algunos conceptos claves que vamos a manejar a lo largo del tema.

a) Lenguaje: Facultad o capacidad del ser humano que le permite comunicarse con los demás.

b) Lengua: Conjunto de signos y reglas que sirven para comunicarse. Es sinónimo de idioma.

c) Habla: Utilización concreta que cada hablante hace de su lengua al emitir un mensaje. Existen tantas hablas como individuos.

d) Dialecto: se puede entender este término en varios sentidos:

Lengua que procede de otra (así todas las lenguas románicas son dialectos del latín).

Variedades de una lengua que no han llegado a constituirse como lenguas (como le sucede al navarro-aragonés y asturleonés).

Variedades lingüísticas que poseen particularidades propias pero no afectan a la unidad de la lengua ( caso del canario, murciano o andaluz).

La norma es el conjunto de reglas para hablar y escribir correctamente. Las normas establecen el buen uso de la lengua y discriminan lo correcto de lo incorrecto.

f) El código. Es el conjunto de signos lingüísticos que es reconocible para una misma comunidad de hablantes. En este sentido, todos los hablantes del español, por ejemplo, manejan el mismo código pero no con la misma profundidad de conocimiento. De modo que una mayoría lo conoce pero lo emplea sin seguir las normas, porque las desconoce (es el habla coloquial y vulgar si las incorrecciones son graves); otra comunidad de hablantes (una minoría) conoce con profundidad ese código y sabe emplearlo según las normas, por tanto de manera culta.

La lengua estándar no coincide con ninguna variedad real, aunque suele identificarse con la empleada por las personas cultas en la Administración, la enseñanza y los medios de comunicación.

La lengua estándar recoge los elementos comunes dentro del conjunto de dialectos o variedades de la lengua. De este modo, la pronunciación refleja en lo posible la lengua escrita y se evitan los rasgos particulares de una determinada región.

2. Variedades de la lengua

Vamos a analizar ya las diferentes variedades de una lengua en su nivel sincrónico. Estas variedades, insistimos una vez más, vienen determinadas por circunstancias de tipo geográfico (dialectos), social (nivel cultural del hablante) o contextual (el contexto que rodea al acto comunicativo).

2.1 Variedades diatópicas: Características específicas que adopta una lengua en un lugar determinado. Las variedades geográficas o diatópicas del castellano se suelen dividir en dos tipos, históricas y meridionales (ver tema anterior, Tema 8. Evolución y situación actual del español).

La definición más extendida de variedad social es: "las diferencias que hay en el uso de la lengua en relación con el medio social en que se emplea". Estas diferencias vienen determinadas por factores como:

Los factores antes citados condicionan el empleo de cada uno de los niveles sociales. Existen 3 niveles de lengua principalmente, más un 4º algo al margen por su peculiaridad que conocemos como jergas:

Es el que emplean las personas que tienen un buen conocimiento de la lengua. O lo que es lo mismo, conocen las reglas gramaticales, las ortográficas, tienen un amplio repertorio léxico y saben emplear todos estos elementos de manera correcta y eficaz.

En la lengua oral, este nivel es el empleado en discursos académicos, el reportaje periodístico o las conferencias políticas, por ejemplo. Y como podemos imaginar, es el principal nivel empleado en la lengua escrita de los libros y textos publicados en general.

El nivel culto es el que sigue la norma lingüística con mayor fidelidad.

A) Suele emplearse más en la lengua escrita.

B) No se producen relajaciones de ningún tipo, esto significa que se pone atención en la pronunciación de determinadas consonantes (como, por ejemplo, en la no omisión de la -d- intervocálica); también, por supuesto, la ortografía es correcta así como la sintaxis de las oraciones.

C) Emplea los conectores de un modo adecuado.

D) Uso de un vocabulario variado, especializado y preciso. Esto a su vez implica la no utilización de frases interjectivas (como... ) que en la mayor parte de los casos son el recurso que se emplea en el habla coloquial cuando no encontramos la palabra adecuada.

b) Nivel coloquial o familiar

Es la lengua que se utiliza de forma natural y espontánea en la conversación diaria, en ámbitos familiares o entre amigos. Se caracteriza por su espontaneidad a la hora de utilizarse en las relaciones cotidianas, su imprecisión en la vocalización, en la sintaxis y en el vocabulario... y su marcada expresividad. Algunos de los rasgos más representativos que encontramos en el nivel coloquial son:

A) Interjecciones o locuciones interjectivas: ¡Anda! ¡Hombre!, ¡No me digas!, ¿eh? ...

B) Empleo de "tú" o "uno" en lugar de la primera persona: Uno no sabe ya que pensar de la crisis\ Te portas bien y te lo agradecen así.

D) Frases inacabadas: Si yo te contara...

E) Abundancia de diminutivos, aumentativos y despectivos: calorcito, tontorrón, cancioncilla, etc.

G) Palabras que resaltan la continuidad de la conversación: Pues no sé que decirte...

H) Abundancia de muletillas. Esto es ..., es que ...

F) A bundancia de adjetivos y adverbios valorativos: Estupendo, me parece estupendo. ¡Vimos una peli maravillosa, magnífica!

Si el nivel culto es el que más se ajusta a la norma, el vulgar es el que más se aleja de ella. Lo utilizan personas con una deficiente formación lingüística. Se identifica fácilmente debido a que tiene muchas incorrecciones, pobreza léxica y falta de precisión en los planos fónicos, morfosintáctico y léxico.

Esta ruptura de la norma lingüística se refleja de una manera muy clara en los conocidos como vulgarismos: desviaciones de la forma correcta de una palabra por desconocimiento; por ejemplo: amoto, cuala, me se olvidó, etc.

El vulgarismo también puede ser intencionado, pero esto solo pasa cuando una persona que conoce la norma culta, decide voluntariamente emplear un vulgarismo con una finalidad determinada. El nivel vulgar se caracteriza por los siguientes rasgos:

A) Confusión de sonidos: arquiler, güeno ...

B) Relajación en la pronunciación de determinados sonidos; encontrao, apagao, peazo ...

C) Abuso de las muletillas: bueno, ¡y eso!, ¡vale!, pues, etc...

D) Conjugaciones verbales incorrectas: haiga, pusistes ...

G) Laísmo ( la dije la verdad), leísmo (¿Y tus gatos... dónde están? les vendí), loísmo ( lo dije la verdad):

I) Apodos y nombres apocopados: el Trampas, la Gertru ...

J) Uso de artículo antes de nombre propio. La Carmen,...

K) Pérdida de la -d- intervocálica cuando no se trata de un participio (la pérdida en el participio está bastante extendida en el español). Nada> / naá/

L) Uso de posesivos seguido de adverbios de posición: detrás tuyo (lo correcto es detrás de ti), delante suyo... Pero ¡ojo! Al lado tuyo sí es correcto porque lado es nombre.

Las fronteras, en cualquier caso, no están del todo claras, y aunque estos rasgos se reconocen como vulgares, es bastante habitual que personas con cierto nivel cultural cometan con frecuencia los errores señalados en los puntos J, K, y L.

Junto a los diversos niveles de uso lingüístico, existen otras formas que se caracterizan por el empleo de un léxico específico relacionado con una profesión u ocupación determinada. Son las jergas. Se emplean para comunicarse miembros de un mismo grupo y en situaciones de comunicación establecidas. Son hablas que expresan y refuerzan la cohesión grupal y favorecen la identificación de sus integrantes con valores y sentimiento propios.

El habla de los jóvenes y la del mundo profesional (médicos, abogados, carpinteros, mecánicos, mineros y agricultores...) constituyen dos ejemplos de jergas.

El habla juvenil

Los jóvenes utilizan una forma de hablar con características propias con la que se delimitan así al grupo al que pertenecen. Es un habla que constantemente se renueva y con el paso del tiempo tiende a pasar de moda.

Aunque se renueva constantemente tiene algunas características propias como:

El apócope de palabras: uni, poli, mates, boli...

Sustitución de palabras que hacen referencia a profesiones, cosas y estados de ánimo por otras desconocidas o semidesconocidas para el resto de los colectivos sociales: madero, gumias, hueso...

El uso de comparaciones: ir como una moto, estar como un tren), el empleo de ciertas palabras y frases hechas (molar, mazo, tronco, ...), la utilización de metáforas (estar colgado, ser un plomo, írsele la olla, etc., la incorporación de extranjerismos: mega, look, heavy...

Si queréis saber más podéis visitar las siguientes web y haceros con un buen repertorio de estas expresiones.

El habla profesional

Las jergas de los médicos, letrados, electricistas... presentan unos términos específicos y exclusivos de su habla, que una persona ajena al grupo difícilmente comprende. En este tipo de jergas se distinguen la científico-técnica y la jurídico-administrativa, entre otras:

Científico-técnica

Es declarativa, es decir, describe objetivamente la realidad sin aportar valoraciones subjetivas. Para ello, utiliza un vocabulario unívoco, con un solo y preciso significado. El conjunto de vocablos y expresiones que constituyen esta jerga recibe el nombre de tecnicismos ( logaritmo, cloruro...).

Jurídico-administrativa

Presenta los siguientes rasgos:

- Estilo formal, difícilmente modificable: que de acuerdo con lo expuesto en el artículo \ En virtud de lo acordado en...

- Uso y abuso del imperativo y especialmente del gerundio: habiendo presentado...

e la tercera persona singular del presente de indicativo ( expone, solicita ...)

- Fórmulas solemnes para destacar la autoridad ( al efecto de ..., por decreto de la alcaldía)

-Empleo de un vocabulario específico ( parte contratante, contencioso administrativo ...)

Es la jerga o argot de la delincuencia y marginalidad. La emplean los presos en prisión y normalmente posee el valor de lengua secreta. Sin embargo, en los años 80 pasó a estar de moda entre los jóvenes de la época y se convirtió en la seña de identidad de los integrantes del movimiento artístico-generacional de La movida madrileña. Este movimiento lo popularizó y con el paso de los años muchas de las palabras cheli han tenido que ser aceptadas por la Real Academia de la Lengua.

Para completar información se puede visitar con un pequeño diccionario bastante información sobre el Cheli.

3. 2. Variedades difásicas o funcionales

Se refieren al uso que un hablante hace de una lengua según las circunstancias. Las principales son:

- La relación entre el emisor y el receptor. No es lo mismo hablarle a una persona mayor o con autoridad sobre ti, que a un compañero de colegio, un colega o alguien de tu misma edad.

- El momento y el lugar. En casa hablamos de una forma, en el trabajo de otra (quizá parecida) y con amigos en el bar de otra diferente, por ejemplo.

- EL canal empleado: escrito u oral. No es necesario señalar lo que condiciona para la comunicación el canal empleado. Incluso hoy día con los SMS o Whatsaap cuya comunicación se asemeja a la de la lengua oral es posible apreciar la diferencia.

Dependiendo de las circunstancias y necesidades comunicativas nos encontramos básicamente con dos registros que solemos emplear:

El registro formal es el discurso que emplean los hablantes en circunstancias también "formales" (valga la redundancia) de conversación. Por ejemplo, un político en una rueda de prensa, un abogado en un juicio, un profesor en una clase, etc. Pero también cualquiera de nosotros cuando la situación exige que empleemos este registro. No hace falta explicar que el registro formal corresponde al nivel culto de la lengua y que, por tanto, no todos los hablantes están en condiciones de emplearlo. Por desgracia, solo la minoría que maneja alcanza el nivel culto puede con garantías emplear este registro.

Registro informal o coloquial es la lengua que utilizamos de forma natural y espontánea en la conversación diaria, en ámbitos familiares o entre amigos. Todos los hablantes de una lengua están en condiciones de saber y poder emplearlo. Es el más común a todos.

El registro inculto que como ocurría con el formal pero al revés es el empleado de manera espontánea por una minoría que no conoce otro. Pero de manera consciente puede que el resto de hablantes nos encontremos a veces en situaciones en las que es necesario emplearlo. Ahora no se me ocurre ninguna para emplear tan bajo registro excepto que queramos hacer bromas o imitar a alguien en un ambiente muy relajado.

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En este tema vamos a estudiar las diferentes variedades de la lengua. Estas se dan en su aspecto anacrónico como sincrónico.

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Este articulo es muy general pero describe variación linguística. El articulo define variación linguística como maneras diferentes para expresar la misma cosa. Variación linguística es más que palabras diferentes, también incluye pronunciación diferente. El artículo también dice que hay dialectos diferentes depende de la audiencia. Por ejemplo, hablo con mis padres en una manera diferente que mis amigos.

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Variación lingüística - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

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Existen distintos tipos de variación lingüística: según área geográfica, según registro o estilo, según la clase social, etc., pero la idea subyacente es que todos estos tipos de variación no son independientes sino que están muy relacionados entre sí.

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Este articulo es sobre el objetivo sobre los dialectos de español y como son separados. En este articulo, son separados por país y en cada país hay dialectos diferentes en localizaciones diferentes.  Por ejemplo, España tiene un dialecto diferente que Mexico, y en ubicaciones diferentes en España hay diferencias en los dialectos también.

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Even within a single language or language group there may be major differences in speech. The term dialect refers to those differences in intonation and pronunciation - and even words and expressions that exist in some branches of a language while absent in others.

Spanish has a rich history that spans continents and epochs, and offers a prime launching point for examining the origins and proliferation of dialects. What follows is a basic explanation of the ten major Spanish dialects, where they are spoken, and how they differ:

SPAIN (Peninsular Spanish):

Castilian
This term applies to the official Spanish language, spoken in northern and central Spain.

Andalusian
This dialect, spoken in southern Spain, is the second-most popular in the country after Castilian. However it differs greatly from northern Spanish in the ceceo/seseo distinction, the emission ("elision") of the consonants 'd' and 'r', the aspiration of the consonant 's' at the end of words, and the dropping of final consonants. These factors result in a softer and more fluid sound than that of other Spanish dialects.

Murcian
This dialect is spoken in the Autonomous Region of the Community of Murcia in the southeast of Spain.

Distinct Language Groups
There also exist several distinct language groups in Spain: Catalan, the official language of Andorra and spoken in parts of northern Spain; Basque, the language isolate of an autonomous Spanish community in the Pyrenees; Galician, the Portuguese-influenced language of Galicia, in northwestern Spain; and Extremaduran, a three-branched language spoken in the autonomous community of Extremadura of western Spain.

Canary Islands:

Canarian
The dialect of the Spanish Canary Islands closely resembles the Caribbean Spanish dialect, characterized by the aspirated 's', elided consonants, and the pronunciation of the letter 'h.' The Canarian vocabulary is also heavily influenced by Portuguese due to Portugal's efforts to colonize the islands.

Gibralter:

Llanito
Llanito is a combination of Andalusian Spanish and British English. The existence of Gibraltar as a British overseas territory results in this peculiar language combination.

The Americas:

Latin American Spanish
This is the dialect of urban mainland Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and the majority of Central and South American countries. While there are differences in how Spanish is spoken amongst people in these countries, Latin American Spanish is usually referred to as thus in order to differentiate between it and the Spanish spoken in Spain. The difference is similar to English as it is spoken in England vs the U.S.; U.S. English speakers can understand each other with little effort even though someone from the Midwest speaks very differently than a person from the Northeast or a person from the Southeast.

Rioplatense Spanish
This dialect is spoken in the River Basin region between Argentina and Uruguay, as well as in both countries. The predominant difference between Rioplatense and other Spanish dialects is the intonation of its speakers, which resembles Italian more so than Spanish. The 19th-century saw many Italian immigrants to this region and particularly to Buenos Aires.

Caribbean Spanish
This dialect is spoken in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and along the East coast of Mexico and Central America; it is characterized by elided middle consonants and omitted final consonants, as well as an aspirated 'r' that is pronounced like the Portuguese 'x.'

Africa:

Equatoguinean Spanish
This dialect represents the only official Spanish spoken in Africa; it has incorporated some vocabulary and pronunciation patterns from both native Guineans and immigrant Germans of Cameroon.

Coda
When you decide to take those Spanish lessons, whether it's for professional reasons, or if you want to travel, you will probably want to find out from your instructor or program director about the dialects they offer. Most of the time, the answer you'll hear is Castillian. That will be great about 98% of the time, but take the geographic, and cultural information in context, and make an informed decision! ALTA offers online language training to businesses and government agencies, so feel free to contact us for information.

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10 Spanish Dialects: How Spanish is Spoken Around the World - ALTA Language Services

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Even within a single language or language group there may be major differences in speech. The term dialect refers to those differences in intonation and pronunciation - and even words and expressions that exist in some branches of a language while absent in others. Spanish has a rich history that ...

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Este video es un descripción de los homófonos en español. Los homófonos son palabras  que tienen el mismo sonido pero tienen definiciones diferentes. Los ejemplos en este video incluyen "si" vs "sí", (Yes, vs If), "Pollo" vs "Poyo" (chicken vs stone bench),  más vs mas (but vs more) y muchos ejemplos más. Una persona que no escribe español no sabe que existe los homófones.

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I decided to make a video telling you what homophones are. Also, I will give you several examples in Spanish. View this lesson in Spanish: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5FiOsKfWK8 Thanks for watching :) Sr.B senorbelles.com youtube.com/senorbelles facebook.com/senorbelles twitter.com/senorbelles senorbelles.spreadshirt.com sub link: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=senorbelles

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Este video es sobre palabras con dos o mas significados. En este video uso palabras que tienen significados diferentes en países diferentes. Los países son Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, Nicaragua y algunos más. Los palabras son "Chapa", "Chongo", "Cacho", "Paja" y "Taco". Es interesante porque los significados son muy diferente!

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5 palabras que tienen significados totalmente diferentes en distintos países de América Latina

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Y es que el español no es una lengua uniforme sino que puede cobrar distintos significados según el país donde estés.

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Este articulo ayuda con los significados de "sinónimo" y "antónimo". También, hay actividades que puede ayudarse con los significados y las diferencias entre los dos palabras. El articulo explane porque los palabras son diferentes or similares. Los tipos de sinonimos son en el articulo también.

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los siguientes series de sinónimos son palabras con el mismo significado, de las cuales sólo una ocurre mayoritariamente en un dialecto concreto siendo las otras dos formas entendidas pero usadas menos extensivamente en el mismo dialecto:

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El significado de significado es en uno de los objectivos de este capitulo. El articulo dice ques el significado de significado es el sentido o la significación de una palabra o de una expresión. El significado también puede ser una cosa que se significa de un cierto modo. El término procede del verbo significar.

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Significado es el sentido o la significación de una palabra o de una expresión. El término procede del verbo significar, vinculado al signo de una idea o de algo material y a aquello que, por convención o imitación, representa otra cosa distinta.

Por ejemplo: "Es difícil explicar el significado del amor", "El significado de taburete refiere a un asiento sin respaldo ni brazos", "No entiendo el significado de la frase que pronuncia el personaje al comienzo de la escena", "En la escuela aprendí el significado de varias palabras en francés".

El significado también puede ser una cosa que se significa de un cierto modo: "Recién ahora podemos comprender el significado de aquel festejo del jugador argentino", "La actitud del presidente tuvo un significado muy especial para los inmigrantes recién llegados", "Hay que juzgar el acto por su significado simbólico y no por sus participantes".

A lo largo de nuestro crecimiento, solemos dar más de un significado a ciertos recuerdos, según vamos adquiriendo más herramientas para entender nuestra vida y nuestro entorno. No es raro descubrir en la adultez que finalmente entendemos una actitud que tuvieron nuestros padres o abuelos, por ejemplo, durante nuestra infancia; esto puede resultar positivo o negativo, ya que puede desvelar una verdad aterradora o ayudarnos a perdonar a alguien que, a pesar de lo que hayamos creído en el pasado, no tenía intenciones de herirnos.

Para la lingüística, el significado es el contenido semántico de un signo. Este contenido está condicionado por el contexto y por el sistema en cuestión. El significado se establece a partir de su relación con el significante en el signo lingüístico.

Ferdinand de Saussure sostiene que el significado es un concepto que, al asociarse a una imagen acústica (una huella psíquica en la mente), crea el signo lingüístico (la unidad mínima de una oración).

Charles Sanders Peirce, otro experto en semiótica, entiende al significado como una abstracción o imagen mental que se une al significante (el soporte material captado por los sentidos) para conformar el signo lingüístico, que alude a un referente (objeto real).
Significado de los sueños
Desde tiempos inmemoriales, el mundo de los sueños ha representado el contacto más cercano que todos los seres humanos podemos tener con la magia. Increíbles experiencias que podemos vivir todos los días, en cualquier momento que decidamos dormir; encuentros con seres queridos que hemos perdido en el camino o con aquellos que nos han hecho mucho daño; viajes a sitios que nunca hemos visitado, ya sea por falta de recursos o porque, en la realidad, no forman parte de este planeta.

Cabe mencionar que no todas las personas recuerdan sus sueños, y que muchas lo consiguen sólo en ocasiones especiales; para ellos, este paseo interdimensional puede no parecer tan fascinante como para quienes lo realizan con asiduidad e intensidad cada noche, cada tarde durante la siesta. Quienes tienen la fortuna de soñar, como si se tratara de ver cortometrajes hechos a medida en cada rato de descanso, lo ansían, lo necesitan, y es el significado de dichas historias lo que más intriga les genera.

Existen muchas fuentes de información acerca del significado de los sueños, que intentan explicar los símbolos más comunes, entre los que se encuentran la muerte, la presencia de un bebé, la sensación de estar volando, el agua y la imposibilidad de escapar corriendo de un peligro.

A pesar de los intentos de muchos especialistas de diversos campos por explicar el significado de los sueños de las personas (cabe mencionar que el resto de los animales también sueñan) es necesario tener en cuenta que estas historias que vivimos cada vez que dormimos se construyen a partir de nuestras propias experiencias, de los seres vivos que han pasado por nuestra vida, de nuestras necesidades y frustraciones, de nuestros miedos y deseos más profundos, por lo cual dicha información debería ser tomada como guía y no como una verdad inamovible.

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Definición de significado - Definicion.de

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Significado es el sentido o la significación de una palabra o de una expresión. El término procede del verbo significar, vinculado al signo de una idea o de algo material y a aquello que, por convención o imitación, representa otra cosa distinta.

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Este video habla sobre las diferencias entre español de españa y de america latina. Hay diferencias entre pronunciación. En españa, "z" es pronuncia como"th" y en america latina es como "s". También, en españa se usa la forma "vosotros" y casi nunca se usa "uds" porque es muy formal. En America Latina, se usa uds y casi nunca se usa uds. También hay diferencias en vocabulario.

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SPAIN SPANISH vs. LATIN AMERICAN SPANISH

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Spanish language: differences between Castilian/European Spanish (from Spain) and Latin American Spanish. These are overall differences between the Spanish language spoken in Europe and in Latin America.

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Este artículo es un otro cosa sobre la historia de español. El artículo habla sobre las diferencias entre latin y español, como la forma singular y plural es diferente pero un poco similar entre los dos lenguas. También hay cambios entre los conjugaciones de los verbos y también los tiempos verbales son diferentes.

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Colaboradores de los proyectos Wikimedia

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Historia del idioma español - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

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Este artículo trata sobre la historia del idioma. Para un enfoque más general, véase Idioma español.

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Este video habla sobre la historia de español.

Español es un dialecto de latin y 300 mil personas hablan este lengua. Es la lengua segunda de los estados unidos. 4000 palabras de español son de Arabica para palabras que no existen en el mundo de español. Castellano es la lengua escrito. Es la lengua de Shikira y Don Quijote.

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Este video compara los dos lenguas español y  Arabica. Hay palabras muy similar como "blouse" (blusa y bloosa), o "guitar", (guitarra y quitara). Los similares son en el sonido de las palabras porque la ortografía es diferente entre los dos palabras. Las chicas no saben si el otro palabra en la lengua diferente y es una sorpresa cuando las palabras son similares.

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9 palabras que suenan igual en árabe que en español

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Un vídeo que muestra las sorprendentes similitudes en la pronunciación de ambas lenguas supera los 12 millones de reproducciones en Facebook.

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Algún objetivo es co mo se definen y clasifican las oraciones simples. Este pagina es útil y llena de información sobre oraciones simples y gramática. La modalidad  es la forma en que se manifiesta la actitud del hablante en los enunciados, lo dice en el articulo. Es muy útil.

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Clasificación de la oración simple - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

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Una oración simple es la que tiene un solo verbo o una perífrasis verbal. En términos de la gramática generativa moderna son las oraciones que están formadas por un único sintagma de tiempo. Las oraciones simples se pueden clasificar atendiendo a tres criterios diferentes: la estructura sintáctica, la diátesis y la morfología, la modalidad y la naturaleza semántica del predicado.

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Algún objetivo en "la introducción a la linguística hispanica en capitulo cuatro es  entender las reglas que nos permiten combinar sintagmas para formar oraciones. La foto dice "los dos sintagmas fundamentales de una oración son el sujeto y el predicado.

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Algún objetivo es define la estructura de la oración. La presentación descubre el sujeto, el predicado, y da ejemplos. El predicado es lo que se está diciendo del sujeto. Complemento directo es la persona o cosa sobre la cual recae inmediatamente la acción del verbo transitivo. Este articulo ayudase mucho.

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Uno de los objetivos es la teoría de la X. Este artículo defina la teoría y explica el arból como aprendimos en clase.  Se supone que todo sintagma  es la máxima proyección de un núcleo. Un núcleo se proyecta dos veces y recibe un modificador en cada proyección.

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Teoría de la X' - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

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La teoría de la X barra fue desarrollada por Ray Jackendoff a partir de ciertas observaciones realizadas por Noam Chomsky a principios de los 70 en el marco de la Teoría estándar extendida. Sin embargo, la teoría adquiere relevancia al ser incluida dentro del modelo de Rección y ligamiento como un submódulo de la gramática, reemplazando a las reglas de estructura de frase de la Teoría estándar.

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Me

Pearl (USA) - English (learning Spanish)

Parents

Jeffrey (USA) - English

Kimberly (USA) - English monolingual

Paternal Grandparents

Joyce (USA) - English monolingual

John ( USA) -  English monolingual

Maternal Grandparents

Cheryl (USA) - English monolingual

Herb (USA) - English monolingual

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Este artículo es muy útil para entender cuando usamos "el" con palabras femininos. Es difícil entender porque y cuando este hecho sucede, pero este artículo contiene reglas y es muy claro. Me olvidé que usamos "el" pero por la misma palabra usamos "las" y "una". También, la regla no aplica cuando el/la es enfrente de un adjetivo.

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El is the singular, masculine definite article, meaning "the," in Spanish and is used to define masculine nouns, while la is the feminine version. But there are a few instances where el is used with feminine nouns.

Gender in Words

An interesting thing about Spanish is the fact that words have gender. A word is considered male or female, depending on what the word refers to and how it ends. A general rule of thumb is if a word ends in -o, it is most likely masculine, and if a word ends in -a, it is most likely feminine.

If the word is describing a female person, then the word is feminine and vice versa.

Definite Articles for Nouns

In most cases, el is used for masculine nouns and la is used for feminine nouns. Another rule supersedes this, and that is when the feminine noun is singular and starts with a stressed a- or ha- sound, like the words agua, meaning water, or hambre, meaning hunger. The reason the definite article becomes el is mostly a matter of how it sounds to say la agua and la hambre and the clunkiness of the "double-a" sounds repeating. It sounds more definitive to say el agua and el hambre.

There is a similar grammar rule in English about the use of the "an" versus "a." An English speaker would say, "an apple" instead of "a apple." The two repeating "double-a" sounds are too close to each other and sound too repetitive. The English rule states that "an," which is an indefinite article modifying the noun, comes before nouns that have a vowel sound at the beginning of the word and "a" comes before consonant-starting nouns.

Feminine Words that Use the Masculine Article

Notice the substitution of el for la takes place when it comes immediately before words starting with an "a" sound.

If the feminine noun is modified by adjectives that follow the noun in the sentence, the feminine noun retains the masculine article.

Reverting Back to the Feminine Article

The thing to remember is that words that are feminine remain feminine. The reason why this matters is if the word becomes plural, the word goes back to using the feminine definite article. In this case, the definite article becomes las. It sounds fine to say las arcas since the "s" in las breaks up the "double-a" sound. Another example is las amas de casa.

If a word intervenes between the definite article and the noun, la is used.

If the accent of the noun is not on the first syllable, the definite article la is used with singular feminine nouns when they begin with a- or ha-.

The substitution of el for la does not occur before adjectives that begin with a stressed a- or ha-, the rule only applies to nouns, despite the "double-a" sound.

Exceptions to the Rule

There a few exceptions to the rule that el substitutes for la immediately before a noun that begins with a stressed a- or ha-. Note, the letters of the alphabet, called letras in Spanish, which is a feminine noun, are all feminine.

Feminine Words Can Use the Masculine Indefinite Article

Most grammarians consider it correct for feminine words to take the masculine indefinite article un instead of una under the same conditions where la is changed to el. It is for the same reason la is changed to el, to eliminate the "double-a" sound of the two words together.

Although this is widely considered correct grammar, this usage is not universal. In everyday spoken language, this rule is irrelevant, due to elision, which is the omission of sounds, especially as words flow together. In pronunciation, there is no difference between un águila and una águila.

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Why "El Agua" Is Correct and Not "La Agua"

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El is the singular, masculine definite article, meaning "the," in Spanish and is used to define masculine nouns, while la is the feminine version. But there are a few instances where el is used with feminine nouns. An interesting thing about Spanish is the fact that words have gender.

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Este pagina es muy similar a la información en clase y un nuestros libros pero es organizada en una manera que yo entiendo mucho. El concepto de las compuestas es muy claro y hay todo los tipos de compuestas y ejemplos de cada tipo de las palabras compuestas.

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Palabras compuestas. Ejemplos de palabras compuestas

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Son palabras que se forman por la unión de dos o más palabras simples, es decir, por la unión de dos o más lexemas. Por ejemplo: "abrebotellas", "puntapié", "baloncesto". Excepcionalmente las palabras compuestas se forman por la unión de dos morfemas. Por ejemplo: "conque", "porque".

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This page is great for helping with the accent rules, one of the objectives for our chapter 2.
For example, one basic rule of thumb mentioned is that if the word ends in "n" or "s", the stress is usually on the next to the last syllable. Additionally, if the word ends in a consonant other than "n" or "s", the stress is usually on the last syllable.

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In the following paragraph all of the stressed syllables are in bold-face. Notice that sometimes the stressed syllables have an accent mark, but that usually they don't. However, an unstressed syllable will never, ever, have an accent mark. Some one-syllable words are stressed and some are not.

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Yo tenía problemas con las diferencias entre los modos, y este artículo ayúdame. Los datos son que el modo indica si la accion es real o es irreal. Si la acción es una posibilidad o si la acción es cierto. Por fin, el modo es la diferencia entre subjuntivo y indicativo.

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Modo indicativo (gramática) - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

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El modo indicativo es un modo gramatical que tienen diversas lenguas que distinguen las modalidades realis frente a irrealis, entre ellas muchas lenguas indoeuropeas. El modo indicativo es la forma usual para hablar de hechos reales o hechos que se tienen por ciertos.

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Yo ha oído la palabra morfología antes la clase, pero nunca ha sido la definición de la palabra. Este video ayudame entender la palabra un poco más y preparar para leer el capítulo tres. También, el hombre que habla en el video tiene un acento bueno de espanol y es un buen ejemplo.

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Explicaremos en unos minutos lo que es la morfología, el morfema y el alomorfo.

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Este video incluye cinco problemas que los personas que habla ingles y espanol tienen. Por ejemplo, la letra "j" es dificil para los ingles hablantes porque no hay un letra similar en el idioma ingles. El video dicen que nececitamos usar nuestras gargantas. Tambien, los ingles hablante estirar los vocales.

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Click here to get our FREE App & More Free Lessons at SpanishPod101: http://www.SpanishPod101.com/video Learn Spanish pronunciation with SpanishPod101.com! Pronunciation is the key to clear communication in any language and in this video series, you'll learn to perfect your Spanish pronunciation!

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In my notes the diagram got very messy and hard to read so this image helps organize my notes. The part of the mouth is labeled in English with adjectives listed in Spanish. Because I am still learning the Spanish translation, it helps to have the diagram first in English.

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Este video no es muy serio pero es un buen ejemplo de los acentos de los hispanohablantes diferentes. Uno de los objetivos de este capítulo es los pronunciaciones diferentes de los variedades geográficas del español. Por ejemplo, en Puerto Rico usan "L" en lugar de "R" cuando la letra es en medio de la palabra.

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I chose this video because it is a quick summary on the ways in which children learn language. Children pick up some grammar rules quickly, while struggle with others. For example, children are good at knowing the rule for plural words, though they may struggle with tenses or pronouns. One theory mentioned here is that children are born with some knowledge of a "universal language" which helps them to learn quickly. One of the objectives for chapter one considers the mechanisms children use for learning languages.

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Steven Pinker

Steven Pinker is an experimental psychologist who conducts research in visual cognition, psycholinguistics, and social relations. He grew up in Montreal and earned his BA from McGill and his PhD from Harvard. Currently Johnstone Professor of Psychology at Harvard, he has also taught at Stanford and MIT. He has won numerous prizes for his research, his teaching, and his nine books, including The Language Instinct, How the Mind Works, The Blank Slate, The Better Angels of Our Nature, The Sense of Style, and Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress.

Children are Hard-Wired with Universal Grammar
Another important contribution of Chomsky to the science of language is the focus on language acquisition by children. Now, children can't memorize sentences because knowledge of language isn't just one long list of memorized sentences, but somehow they must distill out or abstract out the rules that go into assembling sentences based on what they hear coming out of their parent's mouths when they were little. And the talent of using rules to produce combinations is in evidence from the moment that kids begin to speak.
Children create sentences unheard from adults
At the two-word stage, which you typically see in children who are 18 months or a bit older, kids are producing the smallest sentences that deserve to be counted as sentences, namely two words long. But already it's clear that they are putting them together using rules in their own mind. To take an example, a child might say, "more outside," meaning, take them outside or let them stay outside. Now, adults don't say, "more outside." So it's not a phrase that the child simply memorized by rote, but it shows that already children are using these rules to put together new combinations.

Another example: A child having jam washed from his fingers said to his mother, "all gone sticky." Again, not a phrase that you could ever have copied from a parent, but one that shows the child producing new combinations.

An easy way of showing that children assimilate rules of grammar unconsciously from the moment they begin to speak, is the use of the past tense rule.

For example, children go through a long stage in which they make errors like, "We holded the baby rabbits" or "He teared the paper and then he sticked it." Cases in which they overgeneralize the regular rule of forming the past tense, add 'ed' to irregular verbs like "hold," "stick" or "tear." And it's easy to show... it's easy to get children to flaunt this ability to apply rules productively in a laboratory demonstration called the Wug Test. You bring a kid into a lab. You show them a picture of a little bird and you say, "This is a wug." And you show them another picture and you say, "Well, now there are two of them." There are two and children will fill in the gap by saying "wugs." Again, a form they could not have memorized because it's invented for the experiment, but it shows that they have productive mastery of the regular plural rule in English.

And famously, Chomsky claimed that children solved the problem of language acquisition by having the general design of language already wired into them in the form of a universal grammar, a spec sheet for what the rules of any language have to look like.

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Steven Pinker Steven Pinker is an experimental psychologist who conducts research in visual cognition, psycholinguistics, and social relations. He grew up in Montreal and earned his BA from McGill and his PhD from Harvard. Currently Johnstone Professor of Psychology at Harvard, he has also taught at Stanford and MIT.

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This language contains no numbers or time. In fact. the people who speak this language don't even understand the concept of numbers. All of their experiences are anchored and experienced in the present, so no language involving time is needed. Additionally, names are not original and tend to come from other members of the community that they share traits with. An article I read mentioned that the people often don't even know the names of all 4 grandparents as they are in the past, and they live so fully in the present. This language is a great example of how a language was created to fit the culture of the people. The simple way of living fits the simple language.

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Este artículo contiene muchos datos sobre la historia del alfabeto y la canción que cantamos en América. La canción fue escrita por Mozart y afecta la manera en que pronunciamos "Z". En América decimos "zee" y en Inglaterra dicen "zed". La primera vez que es documentado en que "zee" está usando fue en 1677 en el norte américa. La canción es muy importante a los niños y para enseñar la lengua inglés.

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Today I found out the English "alphabet song", also known as "The A.B.C.", is based on a tune by Mozart, which in turn is based on a French tune, "Ah, vous dirai-je, maman" ("Ah! Would I tell you, mother?"), which popped up in 1761. A couple decades later, Mozart used this tune in his Twelve Variations on Ah, vous dirai-je, maman.

This same tune is also used as the basis for such children's songs as Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star and Baa, Baa, Black Sheep. In non-English tunes, such songs as the German Christmas carol Morgen kommt der Weihnachtsmann and the Hungarian Christmas carol Hull a pelyhes fehér hó also use this same tune.

Around a half a century after Mozart composed his Twelve Variations on Ah, vous dirai-je, maman an American music publisher named Charles Bradlee adapted the tune to fit with the English alphabet "lyrics" and copyrighted his "The A.B.C., a German air with variations for the flute with an easy accompaniment for the piano forte" song in 1835.

As you may or may not know, outside of North America, classically "z" is often pronounced "zed" rather than "zee". This has created something of a problem as the pronunciation of "z" as "zee" has started to spread, much to the chagrin of elementary school teachers the English speaking world over. This has resulted in them often having to re-teach children the "correct" pronunciation of "z" as "zed", with the children having previously learned the song and the letter the American English way from such shows as Sesame Street.

Naturally, kids are often resistant to this change owing to the fact that "tee, u, vee, w, x, y and zed, Now I know my A-B-Cs, Next time won't you sing with me" just doesn't quite sound as cohesive as "tee/vee/zee/me".

Because of the problem at the end of the alphabet song with "zed" not really fitting, a variety of other endings have been created to accommodate this, such as this one: tu-v, w-x, y and z[ed], Sugar on your bread, Eat it all up, Before you are dead.

You can listen to the " Twelve Variations on Ah, vous dirai-je, maman" below:

If you liked this article and the Bonus Facts below, you might also like:

Bonus Facts:

Putting new lyrics to an already existing melody or piece of music is known as a "contrafactum".

The Arabic alphabet song is called "Alif Ba Ta Tsa".

"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" is based on a poem, "The Star", written by then 23 year old Jane Taylor in 1806. She published the poem in "Rhymes for the Nursery", which was written by herself and her sister Ann. The full poem is as follows:

Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are!
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.

When the blazing sun is gone,
When he nothing shines upon,
Then you show your little light,
Twinkle, twinkle, all the night.

Then the traveler in the dark
Thanks you for your tiny spark,
How could he see where to go,
If you did not twinkle so?

In the dark blue sky you keep,
Often through my curtains peep
For you never shut your eye,
Till the sun is in the sky.

As your bright and tiny spark
Lights the traveler in the dark,
Though I know not what you are,
Twinkle, twinkle, little star.

The first known instance of "zee" being recorded as the correct pronunciation of the letter "z" was in Lye's New Spelling Book, published in 1677. There still was a variety of common pronunciations in North America after this; but by the 19th century, this changed in the United States with "zee" firmly establishing itself thanks to Noah Webster putting his seal of approval on it in 1827, and, of course, the alphabet song copyrighted in 1835, rhyming "z" with "me".

There is a backwards alphabet song composed by Wee Sing that goes like so: Z-Y-X-W-V-and-U-, T-and-S-and-R-and-Q-, P-O-N-M-L-K-J-, I-H-G-F-EDCBA- Now I know my CBAs, Next time won't you lead the way.

[Image via Shutterstock] Expand for References

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The Alphabet Song is Based on a Tune by Mozart

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Today I found out the English "alphabet song", also known as "The A.B.C.", is based on a tune by Mozart, which in turn is based on a French tune, "Ah, vous dirai-je, maman" ("Ah! Would I tell you, mother?"), which popped up in 1761.

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Uno de los objetivos dice que estudiaremos las semejanzas y las diferencias de la comunicación de humanos y animales. Este artìculo les explica. Algunas diferencias incluyen la complejidad del idioma y los símbolos. El artículo incluye también ejemplos de animales que están usando la forma de comunicación de humanos para comunicar.