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Historians belived that drama was first performed on the stone threshing floors in the countryside of greece. The performances began at dawn and lasted the entire day.

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participating in Greek drama was considered to be a citizen's civic duty. In this male dominated society, women were not allowed to act. They were often excluded from the audience, or when allowed to attend, were regulated to the upper rows of seats. The actor wore long, flowing robe, dyed in symbolic colors, called a chiton. they also put padding underneath to give a broader than nautral apperance . And to add height, hight, platformed shoes called cothurni were worn. Actors carried props to indicate roles. The most distinctive feature of the actors costume was the mask.

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Prologue: This introductory section recounts background needed for understanding the action of the play.

Parodos: The entrance of the Chorus, chanting or singing: the verses usually contain further expositional background and set the emotional tone of the play.

Episode and Stasimon: The action begins with the first episode, which follows the parados.

Exodos: The section after the last stasimon.

Chorus: There is always a Chorus in Greek tragedy; indeed, tragedy itself originated with choral songs to which actors were added.

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Historians believed that drama was first performed on the stone threshing floors in the countryside of Greece. The temple served as a background theatrical performances, the orchestra was moved to the foot of the temple of the God being honored.
The audience sat on these benches in the theatron "the seeing place"

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Greek drama was considered to be a citizen's civic duty. They were expected to volunteer to perform in the chorus. The greek actor, was a governmental official, therefore, he was highly regarded in Greek society. In this society, women were not allowed to act. They were excluded from everything. The actor representing the god, king or legendary needed to appear larger than life. Even though the actor gained in size, he lost mobility which led the actor to move little and to face his audience for delivery of his speeches.

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It began with the early Greeks. They produced regiously plays to commemorate the life and death and the resurrection of their god Dionysus.
He was the son of God Zeus and semele. Hera , in a fit of jelous rage, had the Titans kill the baby Dionysus by tearing the baby limb to limb. The Olympians put Dionysus "back together again." The god of Vine seems to die on winter and then would live again in spring.

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•Prologue- It is usually expository rather than dramatic
And also indicates the starting point of subquent action.
•Parados- The entrence lf the chorus, chanting or singing and set the emotional tone of the play.
•Episode qnd Stasimon- Action begans with the first episode. The number of episodes varies. Episodes are seperated by complete choral odes called Stasima.
•Exodos-The section after the last Stasimon. It contains the final action of the play. Usually not the "reversal" or climax and a choral moment.
•Chorus- There is always a chorus in Greek Tragedy. The chorus fulfills a number of functions. The chorus modulated the atmosphere and tone usually representing what might be called "typical Athenian citizens." Royalty was the best Subject matter.

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                   Jason & The Golden Fleece 

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                   Jason & The Golden Fleece 

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Jason was an Ancient Greek Mythological hero who was famous for his role as the leader of the Argonauts and their quest for the Golden Fleece. He was the son of Aeson, the rightful king of Lolcos. He was married to the sorceress Medea.
The fleece is a symbol of authority and kingship. It figures in the tale of the hero Jason and his band of Argonauts, who set out on a quest for the fleece by order of King Pelias, in order to place Jason rightfully on the throne of lolcus in Thessaly. Through the help of Medea, they acquire the Golden Fleece.

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-Hephaestuts had her delivered to Prometheus' foolish younger brother Epimetheus as a bride. Zeus gave Pandora a storage jar (pithos) as a wedding gift which she opened, releasing the swarm of evil spirits trapped within. These would forever after plague mankind. Only Elpis (Hope) remained behind, a single blessing to ease mankind's suffering.

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-Most gods think human is a toy, but some gods like Prometheus thinks human is interesting. Man and the gods lived happily together. However, children were not as grateful or as content. The children argued with the God sometimes. Zeus was very disappointed at mankind. He decided to take away their important tool- fire.

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- Prometheus shaped man out of mud, and Athenabreathed life into his clay figure.
-Unfortunately, by the time he got to man, Epimetheus had given all the good qualities out and there were none left for man. So Prometheus decided to make man stand upright just like the gods did and to give them fire.

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-This child was Zeus. He grew into a handsome youth on Crete. He consulted Metis on how to defeat Cronus. She prepaired a drink for Cronus design to make him vomit up the other children. Rhea convinced Cronus to accept his son and Zeus was allowed to return to Mount Olympus as Cronus's cupbearer. This gave Zeus the opertunity to slip Cronus the specially prepaired drink. This worked as planned and the other five children were vomitted up. Being gods they were unharmed. They were thankful to Zeus and made him their leader.

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-However, Uranus was a bad father and husband. He hated the Hecatoncheires. He imprisoned them by pushing them into the hidden places of the earth, Gaea's womb. This angered Gaea and she ploted against Uranus. She made a flint sickle and tried to get her children to attack Uranus. All were too afraid except, the youngest Titan, Cronus.
-Gaea and Cronus set up an ambush of Uranus as he lay with Gaea at night. Cronus grabed his father and castrated him, with the stone sickle, throwing the severed genitales into the ocean. The fate of Uranus is not clear. He either died, withdrew from the earth, or exiled himself to Italy. As he departed he promised that Cronus and the Titans would be punished. From his spilt blood came the Giants, the Ash Tree Nymphs, and the Erinnyes. From the sea foam where his genitales fell came Aphrodite.

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-Night alone created Doom, Fate, Death, Sleep, Dreams, Nemesis, and all things that dwell in the darkness haunting mankind.

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Was a significant element in the worship of Dionysusat Athens, likely used in ceremonial rites and celebrations. Born of man's use the mask in religious ritual to inspire awe in the congregation by appearing more than mortal and to hide his face from the gods as the gods as he impersonated them, the theatre adopted the mask as one of its more significant conventions.
The Actor wore a large mask which served both as a megaphone with its large aperture for the mouth, and as a symbol to distinguish the role.
It identified
- Age
- Sex
- Mood
- Rank
Fully hooded.
Usually the mask was constructed of bark, cork, leather, or linen.  A mask was called a persona.

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              The Theatre Of Ancient Greece. #1

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              The Theatre Of Ancient Greece. #1

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Thousand of years ago, The Greek Theatre history began with festivals honoring their gods. A god, Dionysus, was honored with a festival called by "City Dionysus". In Athens, during this festival, men used to perform songs to welcome Dionysus.     The Ancient Greek drama began with dances and songs performed for their god Dionysus. it became a legend to them when the gods spoke and interacted with man. Though the theatre is an art for Hundreds years ago. History indicates that Thespis was the first actor about 534 B.C.
Ancient Greek society conducted most of its important performers outdoor.
Three week long festival was always planned every year. Attracting audiences from other Greek cities. These festivals sponsored competitions for both tragedy and comedy.

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The ego deals with reality, trying to meet the desires of the id in a way that is socially acceptable in the world. This may mean delaying gratification, and helping to get rid of the tension the id feels if a desire is not met right away. The ego recognizes that other people have needs and wants too, and that being selfish is not always good for us in the long run.
Linked:
http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-id-ego-and-superego.html

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The superego develops last, and is based on morals and judgments about right and wrong. Even though the superego and the ego may reach the same decision about something, the superego’s reason for that decision is more based on moral values, while the ego’s decision is based more on what others will think or what the consequences of an action could be.
Link:
http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-id-ego-and-superego.html

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The id is the most basic part of the personality, and wants instant gratification for our wants and needs. If these needs or wants are not met, a person becomes tense or anxious.
Linked: http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-id-ego-and-superego.html

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They were unable to vote, own land, or inherit, a woman’s place was in the home and her purpose in life was the rearing of children.
Young women were expected to marry as a virgin, and marriage was usually organized by their father, who chose the husband and accepted from him a dowry.
http://www.ancient.eu/article/927/

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Women were restricted from participating in outside events in which men were involved.  Since “working out of doors,” was perceived as a place for women to become “potential prey of rapists and seducers” women were confined indoors. A social life for a female was only achieved in boundaries “within her husband’s house and the domain of his power”. This indicated that a woman was permitted to socialize outside her home if her husband granted her permission and if her husband held a high position or authority in society.  While men were outside the house, trading, hunting and working the fields, “women remained in their houses”.
http://webpage.pace.edu/nreagin/f2004ws267/annacho/finalhistory.html

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Democratic Republic of Congo: In the eastern DRC, a war that claimed more than 3 million lives has ignited again, with women on the front line. Rapes are so brutal and systematic that UN investigators have called them unprecedented. Many victims die; others are infected with HIV and left to look after children alone. Foraging for food and water exposes women to yet more violence. Without money, transport or connections, they have no way of escape.
Guatemala: The impoverished female underclass of Guatemala faces domestic violence, rape and the second-highest rate of HIV/AIDS after sub-Saharan Africa. An epidemic of gruesome unsolved murders has left hundreds of women dead, some of their bodies left with hate messages.
Mali: One of the world's poorest countries, few women escape the torture of genital mutilation, many are forced into early marriages, and one in 10 dies in pregnancy or childbirth.
Linked: http://www.feministezine.com/feminist/international/Ten-Worst-Countries-for-Women.html

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Link: http://top5psych.weebly.com/id-ego-superego.html

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Do you know who or what is behind the metaphorical angel and devil sitting on your shoulders, debating whether you should get up for a jog or hit the snooze button again? This lesson examines this type of internal debate by addressing Freud's work on the different sides of our conscious and unconscious selves - the id, the ego and the superego.

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Do you know who or what is behind the metaphorical angel and devil sitting on your shoulders, debating whether you should get up for a jog or hit the snooze button again? This lesson examines this type of internal debate by addressing Freud's work on the different sides of our conscious and unconscious selves - the id, the ego and the superego.

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Now, what kind of controls this a little bit is the other part of your personality that's also unconscious, or mainly unconscious, and it's the superego. And the superego is basically the part of you that's super judgmental and moralizing. And what the superego is gonna do is if you come home and you find the cake...

Now, if you had a really, really strong superego, you probably just wouldn't eat the cake at all. You know, you'd see it, you'd think it looks delicious, but you'd' say, 'No, it's my roommate's; I'm not gonna eat this cake' because the superego is always trying to get you to behave in a socially appropriate way and it's not that socially appropriate to eat other people's baked goods; that's not something that we do.
link: http://study.com/academy/lesson/id-ego-and-superego.html

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Now, what the ego does is pretty related to the id and the superego. So the id and the superego... From what I've described before you can imagine their kind of always fighting. The id is trying to get you to do things like eat cake and you know not go jogging and the superego is basically trying to get you to be a good person; it's trying to get you to be an upstanding citizen. 'There I am; I'm happy because I'm upstanding.' What the ego does is it basically mediates between the two. The ego is a mediator between these two parts of your personality that are always gonna be fighting with each other.
Link: http://study.com/academy/lesson/id-ego-and-superego.html

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So first let's start with the id. Now, this is basically the childish and impulsive part of you. So it's the part that kind of just does what it wants, and it wants things really intensely and doesn't really think about the consequences. And Freud describes this as operating basically on a pleasure principle, which essentially means kind of what it sounds like, which is that it's always seeking to try to increase pleasure and decrease pain.
Link: http://study.com/academy/lesson/id-ego-and-superego.html

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-Afghanistan: The average Afghan girl will live to only 45 – one year less than an Afghan male. After three decades of war and repression, an overwhelming number of women remain illiterate in Afghanistan. Afghan girls are also discouraged, sometimes fatally, from seeking an education and Afghan rape victims can be forced, by law, to marry their attacker. More than half of all brides are under 16, and one women dies in childbirth every half an hour.
-Chad: Women in Chad have very few rights. Arranged marriages are still common and often times the girls are around 11 and 12 years old. Sudanese Women living in refugee camps in eastern Chad are facing rape and other forms of violence.
-India: Domestic violence in India is endemic and widespread predominantly against women. Around 70% of women in India are victims of domestic violence, according to Renuka Chowdhury junior minister for women and child development, around 100 million women and girls are estimated to be victim of human trafficking; 44.5 percent of girls are married before the age of 18.
-Pakistan: In some tribal areas, women are gang raped as punishment for men’s crimes. But honor killing is more widespread, and a renewed wave of religious extremism is targeting female politicians, human rights workers and lawyers. 90 percent of women experience domestic violence in their lifetimes; women earn 82 percent less than men.
Link:http://www.wonderslist.com/10-worst-countries-for-women/

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-They learnt important household skills-spinning, weaving, sewing, cooking and other household jobs.
-They learnt to read- in school or at home.
-Learnt simple facts on mythology, religion and occasionally musical instruments.
-Spent most of their time in her household with other women- only leaving the house to perform religious duties.
Link: http://www.angelfire.com/ca3/ancientchix/

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They were under the control and protection of their father, husband, or a male relative for their entire  lives. They had no role in politics. Women with any wealth did not work. They stayed indoors running their households. The only public job of importance for a woman was as a religious priestess.
Link: http://historylink101.com/2/greece3/women.htm

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The wife is to have children and take care of the household chores. woman were unable to attend such parties. They were not able to even dream about sports or talk about sports. also the women could only attend to weddings, funerals and some religious festivals and could visit female friends for short periods of time. They were unable to own any types of land but they would have to look after it.

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3. Did they share the  rights as men in their society?

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3. Did they share the  rights as men in their society?

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Women’s rights and freedoms were far more limited than those of men. Women were never recognized as the equals of men. Women took no part in political or military life, and only a few entered the world of learning and the arts. Although some women held central roles in many religious ceremonies and traditions, most Greek women had no direct influence in society. As daughters, wives, and mothers, they were expected to be quiet, well behaved, and undemanding. invisible.link:http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/DocumentToolsPortletWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&jsid=06b0738555901811b64cfd1c3fd3f6cc&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX2897200499&u=oak30216&zid=4624123330b8bee87b67c0764069f9f9

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- Owning Property: In general, women in Ancient Greece really didn’t own land.
-They were not allowed an Education: Athenian women were also not allowed an education. Men were the only ones allowed in the schools.
- Women of Ancient Athens: Women were not permitted to become citizens in the Athenian city-state. Interestingly enough, slaves were able to become citizens if they were freed.

link: http://www.greekboston.com/culture/ancient-history/role-of-women/

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4.What societies still practice similar traditions of oppressing women? 

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4.What societies still practice similar traditions of oppressing women? 

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1. What roles did the women of Ancient Greece fulfill in society?

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1. What roles did the women of Ancient Greece fulfill in society?