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William Berkeley Enos was Hollywood director and choreographer. He is best known for revolutionising the genre of musicals during the Great Depression era, a time where there were greatly depressed people. He is also known for his techniques that included kaleidoscope-like dance sequences.

After the war, he took the frankly ridiculous name of ‘Busby’, and began a career in the film industry. In 1925, he started choreographing Broadway musicals. His first major production was A Connecticut Yankee, and then The Street Singer in 1929.

In the 1930s, Enos started working for the Warner Brothers. His style became instantly recognisable, engaging in the fantasies and the imagination of the audience. His grand dances used circular motions to create a kaleidoscope effect.

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-       La Boheme is an opera by Giacomo Puccini and is considered one of the greatest operas of all time.

-       It is the 4th of Giacomo Puccini’s works and debuted in Turin, Italy on February 1, 1896.

-       The opera is based on Murger’s "La Vie de Boheme" (1849), which is the adaptation of his original novel which was created for the stage.

-       Despite La Boheme being based mostly off the stage adaptation, Puccini had to claim that his opera was based off the original novel, Scenes de la Vie de Boheme by Murger, instead of the stage adaptation due to copyright disputes.

-       Baz Luhrmann used ideas from La Boheme in Moulin Rouge

-       The storyline of Moulin Rouge draws from La Boheme through it being set in Paris as well as Mimi (La Boheme) having tuberculosis and Satine (Moulin Rouge) also succumbing to tuberculosis

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Burlesque was popular in London from the 1830s to the 1890s,
and was the speciality of certain London theatres, including the Gaiety and
Royal Strand Theatre. Often the performances were risqué in nature, with women
wearing revealing costumes.Burlesque shows were introduced to the U.S. in the 1840s.
Influenced by minstrel shows and "leg shows," American burlesque was
closer in form to sketch performance. It contained quick-witted, sexually
suggestive dialogue and skimpy costumes for female performers. American burlesque continued until the 1930s, but
concentrated more on striptease elements. A moral crackdown led to its eventual
demise, though the art form has experienced a recent resurgence in some cities.In England, the genre waned to be replaced by Edwardian
musical comedy. Actresses in burlesque would
often play breeches roles, which were male roles played by women; likewise, men
eventually began to play older female roles.

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Burlesque was popular in London from the 1830s to the 1890s,
and was the speciality of certain London theatres, including the Gaiety and
Royal Strand Theatre. Often the performances were risqué in nature, with women
wearing revealing costumes.Burlesque shows were introduced to the U.S. in the 1840s.
Influenced by minstrel shows and "leg shows," American burlesque was
closer in form to sketch performance. It contained quick-witted, sexually
suggestive dialogue and skimpy costumes for female performers. American burlesque continued until the 1930s, but
concentrated more on striptease elements. A moral crackdown led to its eventual
demise, though the art form has experienced a recent resurgence in some cities.In England, the genre waned to be replaced by Edwardian
musical comedy. Actresses in burlesque would
often play breeches roles, which were male roles played by women; likewise, men
eventually began to play older female roles.

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Frankly, moving.

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Tragedy in the 19th century sprang from the concept of Bourgeois tragedy which was a form of tragedy that developed in the 18th century. It was a result of the Enlightenment and is characterised by the fact that its protagonists are ordinary citizens.

The first true bourgeois tragedy was an The London Merchant  by George Lilo in 1731. Novels such as this tended to propagate the values of the bourgeois class.

Another art form that tragic novels drew on was literary realism. This was a movement that particularly prevalent in french novels in the 19th century and featured everyday and banal activities as opposed to romanticised presentations of life.

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Bohemians were essentially hipster, the word meaning unconventional. They are defined as thrifty, purposely poor and sexually free. They explored themes that were considered near taboo at the time, the 1900’s. The term was used mostly in France, with other names for them being vagabonds and wanderers. The concept of a bohemian was invented when artist and sculptures began focusing their attention on the struggles and plights of the lower class people, especially the Romani communities. Otherwise known as the Gypsies, they adopted the phrase Bohemians mostly because it was considered a more polite way of referring to themselves, but also because there was an incorrect assumption that the Romani ad made their way to France through the country of Bohemia.

The word itself refers to ‘arcane enlightenment’ or ‘unconventional and lazy’. Many Bohemians in literature are artists so the word has also come to include unusual artists as well.

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·         Bollywood is a nickname used to describe the Hindi language film industry, based in Mumbai.

·         It is also often used to refer to the whole Indian film industry although this is colloquial

·        Raja Harishchandra (1913) was the first Indian silent film and Alam Ara (1931) was the first sound film in India.

·        In the first half of the 20th century, lavish musicals were the most popular Bollywood fare.

·        Even today Bollywood maintains fairly common genre conventions. They are often vibrant and melodramatic musicals and their success is largely based on the appeal of their music.

·        Some modern Bollywood music (sweet jams and heavy beats): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1cHyZwhXcc

·        Baz Luhrmann has stated that Moulin Rouge is directly influenced by Bollywood cinema.

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Marilyn Monroe rose to international fame throughout the 1950s through her portrayal of “dumb blonde” characters in film. Her success in Hollywood resulted in her to be considered the most prolific sex symbol of the time with her actions altering the era’s attitudes towards sexuality.  Madonna, a prolific American singer, songwriter, dancer, actress, and businesswoman credits Monroe as inspiration for a lot of her work. This inspiration is most obviously depicted in her song “Material Girl”, in which mimicry of Monroe’s “diamonds are a girl’s best friend” particularly style and message is implemented. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M59l9Qcc480

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Baz Lurhmann stated that he had based "Moulin Rouge" on the Myth of Orpheus. The myth involves a man, Orpheus, who is considered "the greatest mortal musician" who can move mountains with the power of his music. He wins the heart Eurydice, though she dies soon after their marriage. Orpheus journeys to the Underworld to find her, but ultimately fails to bring her back to the "land of the living" as a result of his own helpless love for her.

At their core, this myth and the story of Moulin Rouge are about the power of love. Orpheus has an exceptional talent for music, and finds that in his life, music and love intertwine themselves. The story is driven by Orpheus' talent and the way in which he manipulates people/others respond. Moulin Rouge is similar in this respect - Christian (the protagonist) finds himself in a world of music, art and burlesque cabaret, where he finds himself talented in the field of "poetry" which he can use as a tool to win the heart of his love. (Having not seen the film, it is difficult to draw connections and make comparison.)

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A swaghadelic hipster

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Toulouse-Lautrec was actually rather interesting

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Toulouse-Lautrec was actually rather interesting

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was a French ‘vertically challenged’ person. This was due to his parents being first cousins. He received a genetic disorder associated with inbreeding that stopped his bones healing properly. So, after he broke both his legs in his early teens, his legs stopped growing. He never made it past 4ft 8in.

Toulouse-Lautrec was perhaps best known for his work as an artist – notably a painter, printmaker, draughtsman and illustrator.

Shortly into his life, he moved to Paris and began studying under the famed artist Leon Bonnat. Whilst in Paris, Toulouse-Lautrec spent much of his time in brothels. He became such good friends with the local ‘workforce’, that he started living in brothels for weeks at a time. Unsurprisingly, he got syphilis.

During his stay in Paris, Toulouse-Lautrec got rather good at painting. Notable works of his include The Marble Polisher, At The Moulin Rouge, and possibly his greatest, most potent, powerful and moving piece, La Toilette.

Toulouse-Lautrec lived the dream artist’s life. He spent most of his time in brothels, became renowned for his paintings, and was an alcoholic to boot. He died as a result of syphilis and alcohol poisoning. What a way to go.