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This is your first step towards a general and clear understanding of 8 parts of speech. In the future, all parts of speech will be accompanied by theory (the first step), and then practice (application of the acquired knowledge through different formats)

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Let's learn about nouns and how to use them correctly with fun exercises.

First, we'll cover the different types including countable, uncountable, common, proper, abstract, concrete, collective, possessive, singular and plural. We'll also look at some of their different functions in sentences (subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions).

First things first:

A noun is a word which a person, place, thing, animal or idea.

Here are a few examples:

Joseph, grandmother, teacher (people)

restaurant, France, beach (places)

book, ball, pizza (things)

cat, lion, fish (animals)

philosophy, love, happiness (ideas)

Types of Nouns

* Important * - A noun will fit into several of these categories, not just one. [e.g., book is a common, concrete, countable, singular noun]

All nouns are either common or proper.

Common nouns name general (not specific) people, places, things, animals or ideas.

For example: teacher, scientist, library, kitchen, table, phone, happiness, love, freedom.

Proper nouns name specificpeople, places, things and ideas. In English, proper nouns are normally CAPITALIZED.

Remember that common nouns name general things and proper nouns name specific things:

For example: bravery, friendship, culture, sadness, morning, health

For example: Uncle Charlie, telephone, automobile, elephant

Abstract nouns name something you cannot see or touch. They're harder to define and name things that are related to ideas, feelings and time.

Concrete nouns name things that you can physically touch or see.

You could count the number of apples in a basket (e.g., 5 apples) or the number of desks in a classroom (e.g., 20 desks).

Examples of countable nouns: tomato, computer, finger, house, elephant

are the name for abstract ideas and conceptslove, sadness, safety, freedom, power

are tiny objects: powder, sand, rice

don't have a clear form like liquids or gases: water, coffee, milk, air, oxygen

are categories of things: furniture, music, luggage

All common nouns can either be counted with numbers or they cannot be counted.

Countable nouns can be easily counted.

Uncountable nouns are difficult to count or divide into separate parts because they:

Example: blueberry, democracy, relationship, one cat, a sofa

Example: blueberries, democracies, relationships, two cats, sofas

To make things a little complicated, some nouns can be both countable or uncountable. It depends on the meaning you are trying to convey. For example:

Click here for more information about countable and uncountable nouns.

Singular nouns name just one (single) thing.

Plural nouns name more than one thing.

There are regular and irregular plural nouns. Most nouns have a distinct (different) singular and plural form, however some nouns do not have a plural form.

Since there are several different rules and exceptions, for more information about plural nouns click here. (I've included lots of examples on the linked page.)

Collective nouns are made of more than one word which describe a group of people or things as one unit. Think of it as a collection of things together.

Sandra's shoes. (the shoes belong to Sandra)

The boy's bicycle. (the boy owns the bicycle)

The student's intelligence. (the student possesses intelligence)

For example: a herd of elephants, a crowd of people, a bunch of flowers.

Other examples: family, team, majority, nation, class, choir, jury, fleet, cabinet (of ministers)

Compound nouns are made up of two or more words.

Examples: backspace, blackboard, copyright, daylight, downstairs, earring , everything , haircut, handwriting, toothpaste, weekend, lipstick, keyboard

Possessive Nouns

Example: Jessica is my best friend. (Answers the question who is Jessica?)

Possessive nouns show ownership or possession (something belongs to the noun). For example:

To make a plural noun a possessive noun you must look at the last letter of the word:

Noun Functions

It is good to know a little bit about how nouns can be used in sentences. Nouns are one of the eight parts of speech in English and in any sentence they can do different jobs. Nouns can be:

Subjects: A noun can be the subject of a sentence or clause, describing whom or what the sentence is about.

Predicate nominative: A noun can rename the subject by completing a linking verb.

Direct objects: A noun can receive the action of a verb.

Indirect objects: Nouns can receive the direct object.

Object of the preposition: In a prepositional phrase, a noun can follow a preposition and complete its meaning.

Object complement: here a noun directly follows and describes the direct object.

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Let's learn about nouns and how to use them correctly with fun exercises. First, we'll cover the different types including countable, uncountable, common, proper, abstract, concrete, collective, possessive, singular and plural. We'll also look at some of their different functions in sentences (subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions).

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Accordingly, this is your second step in learning parts of speech (in this case, nouns), which includes consolidating the knowledge gained in the course of studying the theory. On this website, you need to answer 10 questions followed by answers with explanations at the end.

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Select the answer choice that identifies the noun in the sentence.

1. It will take all of your energy and will to be able to walk again.

2. The works of many great poets have been placed on reserve.

3. The Brooklyn Bridge was opened in 1883.

4. Sparta and Athens were enemies during the Peloponnesian War.

5. Sharks and lampreys are not true fish because their skeletons are made of cartilage rather than bone.

6. Joe, have you met your new boss?

7. Sue's parents tried living in the north, but they could not adapt to the cold.

8. Mastering basic mathematics is an important goal for younger students.

9. To seize a foreign embassy and its inhabitants is flagrant disregard for diplomatic neutrality.

10. The Trojans' rash decision to accept the wooden horse led to their destruction.

Answers and Explanations

1. D

Energy is a noun, as is will here. Take (A) is a verb. All (B) is an adverb modifying take. Your (C) is an adjective modifying energy and will.

2. D

Reserve is the only noun of the choices. Many (A) and great (B) are adjectives modifying the noun poets. Placed (C) is a verb.

3. A

Bridge is a proper noun here. Was (B) is the auxiliary verb for the past perfect tense of the verb opened (C). In (D) is a preposition.

4. D

War is a proper noun here. And (A) is a conjunction. Were (B) is a verb. During (C) is a preposition.

5. D

Bone is a noun. True (A) is an adjective modifying the noun fish. Because (B) is a conjunction. Their (C) is a plural possessive third-person pronoun modifying the noun skeletons.

6. D

Boss is a noun. Have (A) is the auxiliary verb for the present perfect tense of the verb met (B). Your (C) is a possessive second-person pronoun modifying the noun boss.

7. A

North is a noun here. But (B) is a conjunction. Not (C) is an adverb modifying the verb adapt (D).

8. D

Students is a plural noun. NOTE: Mastering (A) is a gerund, i.e. a verb form functioning as a noun. But since (D) is already a noun, it is the better choice. Important (B) is an adjective modifying the noun goal. Younger (C) is an adjective modifying the noun students.

9. D

Neutrality is a noun. Seize (A) is a verb. Its (B) is a possessive pronoun modifying the noun inhabitants. Flagrant (C) is an adjective modifying the noun disregard.

10. D

Destruction is a noun. Their (A) is a plural possessive pronoun modifying destruction. Led (B) and accept (C) are verbs.

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Select the answer choice that identifies the noun in the sentence. 1. It will take all of your energy and will to be able to walk again. 2. The works of many great poets have been placed on reserve. 3. The Brooklyn Bridge was opened in 1883. 4.

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A verb is a word or a combination of words that indicates action or a state of being or condition. A verb is the part of a sentence that tells us what the subject performs. Verbs are the hearts of English sentences.
Examples:
Verbs are related to a lot of other factors like the subject, person, number, tense, mood, voice, etc.

Basic Forms of Verbs

There are six basic forms of verbs. These forms are as follows:

Base form: Children play in the field.

Infinitive: Tell them not to play

Past tense: They played football yesterday.

Past participle: I have eaten a burger.

Present participle: I saw them playing with him today.

Gerund: Swimming is the best exercise.

Different Types of Verbs

Finite Verbs:

Finite verbs are the actual verbs which are called the roots of sentences. It is a form of a verb that is performed by or refers to a subject and uses one of the twelve forms of tense and changes according to the number/person of the subject.
Example:
Non-finite Verbs:

Non-finite Verbs are not actual verbs. They do not work as verbs in the sentence rather they work as nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc. Non-finite verbs do not change according to the number/person of the subject because these verbs, also called verbals, do not have any direct relation to the subject. Sometimes they become the subject themselves.

The forms of non-finite verbs are - infinitive, gerund, and participle (participles become finite verbs when they take auxiliary verbs.)
Example:
Action Verbs:

Action verbs indicate what the subject of a sentence performs. Action verbs can make the listener/reader feel emotions, see scenes more vividly and accurately.

Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive.

Transitive verbs must have a direct object. A transitive verb demands something/someone to be acted upon.
Example:

I painted the car. (The verb 'paint' demands an object to be painted)

She is reading the newspaper. (The verb 'read' asks the question "what is she reading?" - the answer is the object)

Intransitive verbs do not act upon anything. They may be followed by an adjective, adverb, preposition, or another part of speech.
Example:

She smiled. (The verb 'smile' cannot have any object since the action of 'smiling' does not fall upon anything/anyone)

I wake up at 6 AM. (No object is needed for this verb)

Note: {Subject + Intransitive verb} is sufficient to make a complete sentence but {Subject + Transitive verb} is not sufficient because transitive verbs demand a direct object.

A linking verb adds details about the subject of a sentence. In its simplest form, it connects the subject and the complement - that is, the words that follow the linking verb. It creates a link between them instead of showing action.

Often, what is on each side of a linking verb is equivalent; the complement redefines or restates the subject.

Generally, linking verbs are called 'which are - am, is, are, was, were. However, there are some other verbs which can work as linking verbs. Those verbs are:

Act, feel, remain, appear, become, seem, smell, sound, grow, look, prove, stay, taste, turn.

Some verbs in this list can also be action verbs. To figure out if they are linking verbs, you should try replacing them with forms of the be verbs. If the changed sentence makes sense, that verb is a linking verb.
Example:

She appears ready for the game. (She is ready for the game.)

The food seemed delicious. (The food was delicious.)

You look happy. (You are happy.)

Auxiliary Verbs:

Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs. An auxiliary verb extends the main verb by helping to show time, tense, and possibility. The auxiliary verbs are - be verbs, have, and do.

They are used in the continuous (progressive) and perfect tenses.

Linking verbs work as main verbs in the sentence, but auxiliary verbs help main verbs.

Do is an auxiliary verb that is used to ask questions, to express negation, to provide emphasis, and more.
Example:
A modal verb is a kind of an auxiliary verb. It assists the main verb to indicate possibility, potentiality, ability, permission, expectation, and obligation.

The modal verbs are can, could, must, may, might, ought to, shall, should, will, would.

Example:

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Verb: Definition & Types | Learn English

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A verb is a word or a combination of words that indicates action or a state of being or condition. A verb is the part of a sentence that tells us what the subject performs. Verbs are the hearts of English sentences.

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Some important information about voices and advanced theory too 

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Some important information about voices and advanced theory too 

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Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs. Choose your answers from the given options.

Answers

1. I am looking for a pen to write this composition.
2. She climbed up the stairs slowly because she didn't want to fall.
3. The teacher asked the students to solve the sum.
4. Nobody believes that he is innocent.
5. Although the children were tired, they continued playing.
6. The stranger requested the shopkeeper to give him a glass of water because he was thirsty.
7. Mother has been busy cooking for the guests who are arriving in the evening.
8. As I opened my eyes, I saw a strange sight.
9. The sparrow flew away happily after eating the mango.
10. In spite of being very intelligent, he does not score good marks.
11. The erring students were let off with a strict warning by the principal.
12. Penguins are different from other birds because they are adapted to life in the water.

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Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs. Choose your answers from the given options. Answers 1. I am looking for a pen

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What is an adjective?

Adjectives are words that describe or modify other words, making your writing and speaking much more specific, and a whole lot more interesting. Words like small, blue, and sharp are descriptive, and they are all examples of adjectives. Because adjectives are used to identify or quantify individual people and unique things, they are usually positioned before the noun or pronoun that they modify. Some sentences contain multiple adjectives.

In the following examples, the highlighted words are adjectives:

1. They live in a big, beautiful

2. Since it's a hot day, Lisa is wearing a sleeveless

3. The mountaintops are covered in sparkling

4. On her birthday, Brenda received an antique vase filled with fragrant

Types of Adjectives

Remember that adjectives can modify as well as describe other words, and you'll find it much easier to identify different types of adjectives when you see them.

Articles

There are only three articles, and all of them are adjectives: a, an, and the. Because they are used to discuss non-specific things and people, a and an are called indefinite articles. For example: Neither one of these sentences names a specific banana or a certain adventure. Without more clarification, any banana or adventure will do. The word the is called the definite article. It's the only definite article, and it is used to indicate very specific people or things:

Please give me a banana. I'd like the one with the green stem.

Let's go on an adventure. The Grand Canyon mule ride sounds perfect!

Possessive Adjectives

As the name indicates, possessive adjectives are used to indicate possession. They are: Possessive adjectives also function as possessive pronouns.

Demonstrative Adjectives

Like the article the, demonstrative adjectives are used to indicate or demonstrate specific people, animals, or things. These, those, this and that are demonstrative adjectives.

These books belong on that

This movie is my favorite.

Please put those cookies on the blue plate.

Coordinate Adjectives

Coordinate adjectives are separated with commas or the word and, and appear one after another to modify the same noun. The adjectives in the phrase bright, sunny day and long and dark night are coordinate adjectives. In phrases with more than two coordinate adjectives, the word and always appears before the last one; for example: The sign had big, bold, and bright letters. Be careful, because some adjectives that appear in a series are not coordinate. In the phrase green delivery truck, the words green and delivery are not separated by a comma because green modifies the phrase delivery truck. To eliminate confusion when determining whether a pair or group of adjectives is coordinate, just insert the word and between them. If and works, then the adjectives are coordinate and need to be separated with a comma.

Numbers Adjectives

When they're used in sentences, numbers are almost always adjectives. You can tell that a number is an adjective when it answers the question "How many?"

The stagecoach was pulled by a team of six

He ate 23 hotdogs during the contest, and was sick afterwards.

Interrogative Adjectives

There are three interrogative adjectives: which, what, and whose. Like all other types of adjectives, interrogative adjectives modify nouns. As you probably know, all three of these words are used to ask questions.

Which option sounds best to you?

What time should we go?

Whose socks are those?

Indefinite Adjectives

Like the articles a and an, indefinite adjectives are used to discuss non-specific things. You might recognize them, since they're formed from indefinite pronouns. The most common indefinite adjectives are any, many, no, several, and few.

Do we have any peanut butter?

Grandfather has been retired for many

There are no bananas in the fruit bowl.

I usually read the first few pages of a book before I buy it.

We looked at several cars before deciding on the best one for our family.

Attributive Adjectives

Attributive adjectives talk about specific traits, qualities, or features - in other words, they are used to discuss attributes. There are different kinds of attributive adjectives:

Observation adjectives such as real, perfect, best, interesting, beautiful or cheapest can indicate value or talk about subjective measures.

Size and shape adjectives talk about measurable, objective qualities including specific physical properties. Some examples include small, large, square, round, poor, wealthy, slow and

Age adjectives denote specific ages in numbers, as well as general ages. Examples are old, young, new, five-year-old, and

Color adjectives are exactly what they sound like - they're adjectives that indicate color. Examples include pink, yellow, blue, and

Origin adjectives indicate the source of the noun, whether it's a person, place, animal or thing. Examples include American, Canadian, Mexican, French.

Material adjectives denote what something is made of. Some examples include cotton, gold, wool, and

Qualifier adjectives are often regarded as part of a noun. They make nouns more specific; examples include log cabin, luxury car, and pillow cover.

Find the adjective or adjectives that fit in each of the blanks best. Answer Key:

1. A - We visited the museum, where we saw ancient artifacts.

2. B - I received two awards at the ceremony today.

3. B - Please get me a bag of ripe red apples.

4. D - The president sat in a leather chair.

5. C - Foggy weather is the norm in San Francisco.

Are you ready to keep learning how to use adjectives? Visit the adjective exercises page for more practice.

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The award-winning grammar and spell checker that corrects all types of English grammar and spelling mistakes. Start proofreading your texts now.

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An adjective describes or modifies noun/s and pronoun/s in a sentence. It normally indicates quality, size, shape, duration, feelings, contents, and more about a noun or pronoun.

Adjectives usually provide relevant information about the nouns/pronouns they modify/describe by answering the questions: What kind? How many? Which one? How much? Adjectives enrich your writing by adding precision and originality to it.
Example: More Examples of Adjective
However, there are also many adjectives which do not fit into these questions. Adjectives are the most used parts of speech in sentences. There are several types of adjectives according to their uses.

Types of Adjectives

Descriptive Adjectives:

A descriptive adjective is a word which describes nouns and pronouns. Most of the adjectives belong in this type. These adjectives provide information and attribute to the nouns/pronouns they modify or describe. Descriptive adjectives are also called qualitative adjectives.

Participles are also included in this type of adjective when they modify a noun.
Examples: More Examples of Descriptive Adjective
Quantitative Adjectives:

A quantitative adjective provides information about the quantity of the nouns/pronouns. This type belongs to the question category of 'how much' and 'how many'.
Examples:

I have 20 bucks in my wallet. (How much)

They have three children. (How many)

You should have completed the whole task. (How much)

More Examples of Quantitative Adjectives
Proper Adjectives:

Proper adjectives are the adjective form of proper nouns. When proper nouns modify or describe other nouns/pronouns, they become proper adjectives. 'Proper' means 'specific' rather than 'formal' or 'polite.'

A proper adjective allows us to summarize a concept in just one word. Instead of writing/saying 'a food cooked in Chinese recipe' you can write/say 'Chinese food'.

Proper adjectives are usually capitalized as proper nouns are.
Example: More Examples of Proper Adjectives
Demonstrative Adjectives:

A demonstrative adjective directly refers to something or someone. Demonstrative adjectives include the words: this, that, these, those.

A demonstrative pronoun works alone and does not precede a noun, but a demonstrative adjective always comes before the word it modifies.
Examples: More Examples of Demonstrative Adjectives
Possessive Adjectives:

A possessive adjective indicates possession or ownership. It suggests the belongingness of something to someone/something.

Some of the most used possessive adjectives are my, his, her, our, their, your.

All these adjectives always come before a noun. Unlike possessive pronouns, these words demand a noun after them.
Examples: More Examples of Possessive Adjective
Interrogative Adjectives:

An interrogative adjective asks a question. An interrogative adjective must be followed by a noun or a pronoun. The interrogative adjectives are: which, what, whose. These words will not be considered as adjectives if a noun does not follow right after them. ' Whose' also belongs to the possessive adjective type.
Examples: More Examples of Interrogative Adjective
Indefinite Adjectives:

An indefinite adjective describes or modifies a noun unspecifically. They provide indefinite/unspecific information about the noun. The common indefinite adjectives are few, many, much, most, all, any, each, every, either, nobody, several, some, etc.
Examples:
Articles

Articles also modify the nouns. So, articles are also adjectives. Articles determine the specification of nouns. 'A' and 'an' are used to refer to an unspecific noun, and 'the' is used to refer to a specific noun.
Examples:

A cat is always afraid of water. (Here, the noun 'cat' refers to any cat, not specific.)

The cat is afraid of me. (This cat is a specific cat.)

An electronic product should always be handled with care.

Compound Adjectives:

When compound nouns/combined words modify other nouns, they become a compound adjective. This type of adjective usually combines more than one word into a single lexical unit and modifies a noun. They are often separated by a hyphen or joined together by a quotation mark.
Example:
The Degree of Adjectives:

There are three degrees of adjectives: Positive, comparative, superlative.

These degrees are applicable only for the descriptive adjectives.
Examples:
Positive degree: He is a good boy.

Comparative degree: He is better than any other boy.

Superlative: He is the best boy.

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Adjective: Definition & Types | Learn English

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An adjective describes or modifies noun/s and pronoun/s in a sentence. It normally indicates quality, size, shape, duration, feelings, contents, and more about a noun or pronoun. Adjectives usually provide relevant information about the nouns/pronouns they modify/describe by answering the questions: What kind? How many? Which one? How much?

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An adverb is a word/a set of words that modifies verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. It tells when, where, and how an action is performed or indicates the quality or degree of the action.

Many adverbs end in - ly but some words which end in - ly (such as friendly) are not adverbs. Many words can be both adverbs and adjectives according to their activity in the sentence.
Example:
Adverb Clauses and Adverb Phrases are clauses and phrases that modify the verbs, adjectives or other adverbs in the sentence.
Example:

He ran toward the bus until he was tired. (Adverb Clause)

He came carrying his box with two hands. (Adverb Phrase)

We were panicked without any reason. (Adverb Phrase)

Types of Adverbs:

Conjunctive Adverbs:

A conjunctive adverb connects phrases or independent clauses. It provides transitions between ideas and shows relationships.

Conjunctive adverbs are also called connectors.
Example:

It rained last night. Nonetheless, the final match has not been canceled.

We are still confused, however, if the umpires will come.

Last season there was a great drought; consequently, we could not grow crops.

Sentence Adverbs:

A sentence adverb starts the sentence and modifies the whole sentence.
Example:

Hopefully, we will win the match.

Apparently, the sky is getting cloudy.

Certainly, I did not think of coming here.

Adverbs of Time/Frequency (When?)

Adverbs of time/frequency indicate time or frequency of the action in the sentence. They answer the question 'when/how frequently is the action performed?'.

Always, never, often, eventually, now, frequently, occasionally, once, forever, seldom, before, Sunday, Monday, 10 AM, 12 PM, etc. are common adverbs of time/frequency.
Example:
Adverbs of Place/Direction (Where?)

Adverbs of place/direction that indicate place/direction of the action in the sentence. They answer the question ' where is the action performed?'.

Across, over, under, in, out, through, backward, there, around, here, sideways, upstairs, in the park, in the field, in that place, etc. are some common adverbs of place/direction.
Example:
Adverbs of Degree (How Much?)

Adverbs that express the importance/degree/level of the action in the sentence are called adverbs of degree. They answer the question 'how much is the action performed?'.

Completely, nearly, entirely, less, mildly, most, thoroughly, somewhat, excessively, much, etc. are common adverbs of degree.
Example:

She completely forgot about her anniversary.

I read the newspaper thoroughly.

I am so excited about the new job.

Robin hardly studies

Adverbs of Manner (How?)

Adverbs that express the manner/approach/process of the action in the sentence are called adverbs of manner. They answer the question 'how is the action performed?'.

Beautifully, equally, thankfully, carefully, handily, quickly, coldly, hotly, resentfully, earnestly, nicely, tirelessly, etc. are common adverbs of manner. These adverbs usually end in ly.
Example:

Let's divide the prizes equally.

Please, handle the camera carefully.

Mike is walking slowly.

He is running fast.

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Adverb: Definition & Types | Learn English

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An adverb is a word/a set of words that modifies verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. It tells when, where, and how an action is performed or indicates the quality or degree of the action. Many adverbs end in - ly but some words which end in - ly (such as friendly) are not adverbs.

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What is an Adverb?

An adverb is a word that is used to change, modify or qualify several types of words including an adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type of word or phrase, with the exception of determiners and adjectives, that directly modify nouns. A good way to understand adverbs is to think about them as the words that provide context. Specifically, adverbs provide a description of how, where, when, in what manner and to what extent something is done or happens. Normally, we can spot an adverb by the fact that it often ends in - ly, but there are lots of adverbs that don't end in this way. Moreover, adverbs can be used in many combinations with each other.

Traditionally considered a single part of speech, adverbs perform a wide variety of functions, making it difficult to treat them as a single, unified category. However, spotting an adverb, especially one that ends in -ly is easy. Adverbs normally help paint a fuller picture by describing how something happens, such as

When? She always arrives early.

How? He drives carefully.

Where? They go everywhere together.

In what way? She eats slowly.

To what extent? It is terribly hot.

This function of providing more information about how something is done is called the adverbial function, and it may be accomplished by using adverbial clauses and adverbial phrases as well as by adverbs that stand alone. There are many rules for using adverbs, and these rules often depend upon which type of adverb you are using. Remember these basics and using adverbs to make sentences more meaningful will be easier for you.

Adverbs can always be used to modify verbs. Notice that the second of these two sentences is much more interesting simply because it contains an adverb:

The dog ran. (You can picture a dog running, but you don't really know much more about the scene.)

The dog ran excitedly. (You can picture a dog running, wagging its tail, panting happily, and looking glad to see its owner. You can paint a much more interesting picture in your head when you know how or why the dog is running.)

Adverbs are often formed by adding the letters "-ly" to adjectives. This makes it very easy to identify adverbs in sentences. There are many exceptions to this rule; everywhere, nowhere, and upstairs are a few examples.

An adverb can be used to modify an adjective and intensify the meaning it conveys. For example:

He plays tennis well. (He knows how to play tennis and sometimes he wins.)

He plays tennis extremely well. (He knows how to play tennis so well that he wins often.)

As you read the following adverb examples, you'll notice how these useful words modify other words and phrases by providing information about the place, time, manner, certainty, frequency, or other circumstances of activity denoted by the verbs or verb phrases in the sentences.
Types of Adverbs

Adverbs of Manner

An adverb of manner will explain how an action is carried out. Very often adverbs of manner are adjectives with -ly added to the end, but this is certainly not always the case. In fact, some adverbs of manner will have the same spelling as the adjective form. Some examples of adverbs of manner include:Adverb of manner examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

She passed the exam easily.

They walk quickly to catch the train.

The dinner party went badly.

John answered the question correctly.

Notice how the adverbs are formed by adding -ly to the adjectives bad, correct and quick, although there is a slight spelling change when forming an adverb with the adjective easy. As mentioned, some adverbs of manner take the same spelling as the adjective and never add an -ly to the end:
Adverbs of place

An adverb of place, sometimes called spatial adverbs, will help explain where an action happens. Adverbs of place will be associated with the action of the verb in a sentence, providing context for direction, distance and position: southeast, everywhere, up, left, close by, back, inside, around. These terms don't usually end in -ly. Adverbs of place examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification. Directions

New York is located north of Philadelphia.

They traveled down the mountainside.

First, I looked here, and then I looked there, but I can't find them anywhere.

Notice that here and there are often used at the beginning of a sentence to express emphasis or in exclamation. Many times, adverbs of place can be used as prepositions as well. The difference is, when the phrase is used as an adverb, it is modifying a verb; when it is used as a preposition, it is always followed by a noun.

New York is located north of Philadelphia -> New York is on the map.

They travelled down river -> They travelled in the first compartment.

That puppy was walking around by itself-> We put a collar around its neck.

Distance Position In addition, some adverbs of position will refer to a direction of movement. These often end in -ward or -wards.
Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of frequency are used to express time or how often something occurs. Adverbs of frequency can be split two main groups. The first, adverbs of indefinite frequency, are terms that have an unclear meaning as to how long are how often something occurs: usually, always, normally. These adverbs will usually be placed after the main verb or between the auxiliary verb and infinitive. Adverbs of frequency examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification. Adverbs of definite frequency will usually be placed at the end of the sentence.

We get paid hourly.

I come here

The situation seems to change monthly.

The newspaper is bought daily.

Adverbs of Time

Adverbs of time, while seemingly similar to adverbs of frequency, tell us when something happens. Adverbs of time are usually placed at the end of a sentence. Adverbs of time examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

I will see you

Harvey forgot his lunch yesterday and again today.

I have to go now.

We first met Julie last year.

While it's almost always correct to have the adverb of time at the end of the sentence, you can place it at the start of the sentence to put a different emphasis on the time if it is important to the context.
Adverbs of Purpose

Adverbs of purpose, sometimes called adverbs of reason, help to describe why something happened. They can come in the form of individual words - so, since, thus, because - but also clauses - so that, in order to. Notice in the examples that the adverbs of purpose are used to connect sentences that wouldn't make sense if they were formed alone. Adverbs of purpose examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

I was sick, thus didn't go to work today.

I started jogging so that I wouldn't be late.

Because I was late, I jogged a little faster.

Since it's your birthday, I will buy you a gift.

Positions of Adverbs

The positions of adverbs are not a fixed or set thing. As you have seen, adverbs can appear in different position in a sentence. However, there are some rules that help us decide where an adverb should be positioned. The rules will be different depending on whether the adverb is acting to modify an adjective or another adverb, a verb or what type of adverb it is. Positional adverb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification. Adverb position with adjectives and other adverbs These adverbs will usually be placed before the adjective or adverb being modified:

We gave them a really tough match. The adverb really modifies the adjective .

It was quite windy that night. The adverb quite modifies the adjective .

We don't go to the movies terribly often. The adverb terribly modifies the adverb .

Adverb position with verbs This can be a bit trickier because, it will depend on the type of adverb - place, position, time etc. - and there are many exceptions to the rules. However, a basic set of guidelines is shown below: Adverbs of manner or place are usually positioned at the end of the sentence: As mentioned, if the adverb is of definite time it will be placed at the end of the sentence. However, if it is an indefinite period of time, it will go between the subject and main verb.
Order of Adverbs

Adverb order is so important it has clear rules. It's already mentioned that some adverbs will act to modify another, but how do you decide the structure of a sentence with several adverbs? Thankfully, there is a simple set of rules to follow, called the order of adverbs. Handily, the order of adverbs, sometimes also called the royal order of adverbs, can help us determine sentence structure too. In short, the adverbs get preference (are placed first) in the following order:

1. Adverbs of manner.

2. Adverbs of place.

3. Adverbs of frequency.

4. Adverbs of time.

5. Adverbs of purpose.

Consider this sentence: I run (verb) (manner) down the road (place) every morning (frequency) before school (time) (purpose) I might miss the bus. While it is good to remember the order of adverbs, there is always flexibility with language, and we have already mentioned that adverbs of time and frequency can be placed at the start of a sentence to change the emphasis. So, bottom line: think of the order of adverbs as more of a guideline than a rule that can't be broken.
Examples of Adverbs

As you read each of the following adverb examples, note that the adverbs have been italicized for easy identification. Consider how replacing the existing adverbs with different ones would change the meaning of each sentence.

1. She was walking rapidly.

2. The kids love playing together in the sandbox.

3. Please come inside now.

4. His jokes are always very

5. You don't really care, do you?

Adverbs Exercises

The following exercises will help you gain greater understanding about how adverbs work. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. The driver stopped the bus _______________. A. Financially B. Exactly C. Abruptly D. Now

Answer: C. The driver stopped the bus abruptly.

1. During autumn, colorful leaves can be seen falling ______________ from trees. A. Everywhere B. Very C. Gently D. Loudly

Answer: C. During autumn, colorful leaves can be seen falling gently from trees.

1. My grandmother always smiled _______________. A. Cheerfully B. Sadly C. Never D. Yesterday

Answer: A. My grandmother always smiled cheerfully.

1. After the party, confetti was strewn _________________. A. Blandly B. Everywhere C. Later D. Carefully

Answer: B. After the party, confetti was strewn everywhere.

1. It's time to go ____________. A. Before B. Now C. Yesterday D. Lightly

Answer: B. It's time to go now.
Adverbs List

There are many different words that function as adverbs. The following list is broken down into segments which list adverbs by function. After reading, you will be able to think of additional adverbs to add to your own list - after all, there are thousands. Many adverbs end in "-ly". This makes it very easy to spot the adverbs in most sentences. Abruptly Boldly Carefully Deliberately Excitedly Financially Horribly Mildly Naughtily Openly Poorly Quickly Sadly Terribly Willingly Yearly Some adverbs tell us where the action happened. These are known as adverbs of place. Everywhere Here Inside There Underground Upstairs Certain adverbs let us know when or how often the action happened. These are known as adverbs of time and adverbs of frequency. After Always Before Later Now Today Yesterday Many adverbs tell us the extent of the action. Almost Enough So Too Quite Rather Very Some adverbs are used as intensifiers. Absolutely Certain Completely Heartily Really Certain adverbs called adverbs of manner tell us about the way in which something was done. Briskly Cheerfully Expectantly Randomly Willingly Some groups of words serve the same functions as adverbs. These are known as adverb clauses. Be sure to read theadverb clause section to learn new ways to make your sentences even more interesting.

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Theory (I really like that source, sorry XD)

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Theory (I really like that source, sorry XD)

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Ouch! Oh my! Wow! Yikes!

If you've ever uttered any of the words above, you've used an interjection, whether you knew it at the time or not. The word interjection comes from the Latin words inter (between) and jacĕre (to throw). So, an interjection is a word that you throw in between sentences or thoughts to express a sudden feeling.

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Standalone Interjections

Because interjections usually express sudden feelings, you'll often see them used to convey surprise (both good surprises and bad ones) or excitement.

There's no strict rule about where an interjection must go in relation to other sentences. You can use an interjection before or after a sentence that explains what's going on. You can also use an interjection alone, although it may not make sense if you haven't adequately described the situation that caused you to use the interjection. Interjections often use exclamation points, but they don't necessarily have to.

Interjections in a Sentence

It's possible to use an interjection within a sentence. When you do, treat the interjection as a parenthetical element that's separate from the rest of the sentence. You can put the interjection inside parentheses or set it off with commas.

The important thing to remember is that the interjection should be set off somehow. Don't just drop it in with nothing to mark it as separate from the rest of the sentence.

When to Use Interjections

Because interjections are usually separate from other sentences, it's hard to use them incorrectly. The bigger concern is whether it's appropriate to use an interjection in your writing. Interjections are fine to use in casual and informal writing. It's okay to use them in speech, too. But avoid using interjections in formal writing because it may appear that you're not treating the topic seriously.

And now, you're ready to go out and use interjections. Hooray!

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Ouch! Oh my! Wow! Yikes! If you've ever uttered any of the words above, you've used an interjection, whether you knew it at the time or not. The word interjection comes from the Latin words inter (between) and jacĕre (to throw).

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Our Story

The Quick Answer

An interjection is a word added to a sentence to convey an emotion or a sentiment such as surprise, disgust, joy, excitement, or enthusiasm. For example:

No, go away.

Indeed, I intend to leave as soon as possible.
("Indeed" is the interjection.)

Interjections
Interjections are words used to express strong feeling or sudden emotion. They are included in a sentence (usually at the start) to express a sentiment such as surprise, disgust, joy, excitement, or enthusiasm.

An interjection is not grammatically related to any other part of the sentence.
A Video Summary
Here is a short video summarizing this lesson on interjections.

Examples of Interjections
In the following examples, the interjections are shaded.

Hey! Get off that floor!

Oh, that is a surprise.

Good! Now we can move on.

Jeepers, that was close.

Yes and No
Expressions such as "yes," "no," "indeed," and "well" are often used as interjections. For example:

Indeed, this is not the first time the stand has collapsed.

Yes, I do intend to cover the bet.

Phew!
Some interjections are sounds. For example:

Phew! I am not trying that again.

Humph! I knew that last week.

Mmmm, my compliments to the chef.

Multi-word Interjections
Some interjections are more than one word. For example:

Oh, really? I doubt that.

Holy moly! She won!

They're not always at the start of a sentence. For example:
Real-Life Examples of Interjections

I'm sure I don't know half the people who come to my house. Indeed, for all I hear, I shouldn't like to. (Poet and playwright Oscar Wilde)

Yes, it's absolutely true that anything worth doing is worth doing poorly until you can do it well. (Author Zig Ziglar)

Well, it's 1 a.m. Better go home and spend some quality time with the kids. (Homer Simpson)

Ah! Don't say you agree with me. When people agree with me, I always feel that I must be wrong. (Playwright Oscar Wilde)

It's smoke, and it's in flames now; and the frame is crashing to the ground, not quite to the mooring mast. Oh, the humanity! (Radio journalist Herbert Morrison reporting on the 1937 Hindenburg disaster)

Why Should I Care about Interjections?
There are two common questions related to interjections.
(Question 1) What punctuation follows an interjection?
Recognizing an interjection will help you to choose the punctuation that follows it. If your interjection is not a question (and most aren't), you have a choice. You can use a comma, a period (full stop) or an exclamation mark. Commas and periods are used for mild interjections, while exclamation marks are used for stronger expressions of emotion. Often, an interjection followed by an exclamation mark will be followed by an exclamatory sentence (i.e., one with an exclamation mark).

Jeepers! You scared the life out of me!

Crikey! Do you think before you speak?
(You can't use an exclamation mark at the end of your sentence if it's a question.)
The choice between a comma and a period depends on your desired flow of text. In other words, choose what looks good to you. If your interjection is a question, you must use a question mark.
I always cheer up immensely if an attack is particularly wounding because I think, well, if they attack one personally, it means they have not a single political argument left. (Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher) (When an interjection is in the middle of the sentence, you must offset it with commas. It doesn't happen often.)

(Question 2) Can you use interjections in business writing?
As a general rule, you should avoid using interjections in business writing, but, used very infrequently, they can be impactful and insert some pep into a document. Too much interjection-invoked pep, however, could make you look a little scatty.

Interactive Exercise

Here are three randomly selected questions from a larger exercise, which can be edited, printed to create an exercise worksheet, or sent via email to friends or students.

See Also
Take another test on interjections What are adjectives? What are adverbs? What are conjunctions? What are nouns? What are prepositions? What are pronouns? What are verbs? Commas after interjections (yes, no, indeed)Another quick test on interjections

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Written by Vocational rather than academic, "Grammar for Grown-ups" is packed with real-life examples and keeps you engaged with a wealth of great quotations from Homer the Greek to Homer the Simpson. Straight talking and methodical, "Smashing Grammar" (2019)
the founder of Grammar Monster, "Smashing Grammar" includes a glossary of grammar essentials (from apostrophes to zeugma) and a chapter on easily confused words (from affect/effect to whether/if). Each entry starts with a simple explanation and basic examples before moving to real-life, entertaining examples. All entries conclude with a section highlighting why the grammar point is relevant for a writer and top-level bullet points summarizing the entry. [More]Craig Shrives draws on his years compiling Grammar Monster and as an army officer to present a comprehensive but light-hearted and easily digestible grammar reference guide. [More] "Grammar for Grown-ups" (2011)

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Our Story The Quick Answer An interjection is a word added to a sentence to convey an emotion or a sentiment such as surprise, disgust, joy, excitement, or enthusiasm. For example: No, go away. Indeed, I intend to leave as soon as possible. ("Indeed" is the interjection.)

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Follow the website step-by-step and click on the quiz link at the bottom of the page

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Follow the website step-by-step and click on the quiz link at the bottom of the page

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A conjunction is a word like AND, BUT, ALTHOUGH, BECAUSE. The 2 main types of conjunctions are: 1) coordinating conjunctions 2) subordinating conjunctions. Without conjunctions, we could only make very simple sentences...