# data[].attributes.body
1.Reasonable division of labor, hierarchical power system, organization and management, and professional training mechanism to meet the needs of work.
2.The long-term nature and complexity of bureaucracy and the imperfection of the political party system lead to the lack of decision-making power of Party and government organs and the prevalence of bureaucracy.
3.Bureaucracy and rationality are equivalent,Because their goals are the same, but in different ways.
4.Weber believes that the iron cage is a social trend.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Key features of modern bureaucracy:
- Specialized
- Clear hierarchy
This can be found in a hierarchical organizational structure. Specialized in their jobs and they should not involve personal matters with their jobs or it would be considered as corruption. They don't provide sympathy towards impersonal matters. They have specialized institutions and official diplomas.

2. Bureaucracy has spread through the modern society because traditionalism is unable to fulfill everyone needs and modern bureaucracy is able to provide all essential needs. The system is clear and the organizational structure has shown a clear hierarchy in society.

3. Yes, modern bureaucracies are equivalent to rationalism because the beginning of bureaucracy is from rationalism where the systems are created to have specialized workers.

4. The iron cage is a concept of Weber where modern bureaucracy is the only efficient system in society. Individuals are trapped in a calculated routine.

# data[].attributes.body
1.there are specialized institutions and education and standardlized tests.there is a strict line between personal and professional life.
2.It's an orderly hierarchy that forms some rules.
3.yes.Rule by rules and hierarchy
4.the“iron cage” is one of Werber's ideas to rationalize.

# data[].attributes.body
1.specialised ,have codified and standised rules, hierarchy,and seperated time.
2.Because it enables the orgnazations having bureaucracies more easier to regulate the societies ,making people fulfill the values of their lifes.
3.yes,because both of them are aim to use knowledge  to  specialize themselves and finally realize the  target
.
4.it refers to the dischantment of the society at last because of the spread of the bureaucratic organation.

# data[].attributes.body
The defining features of bureaucracy clearly distinguish it from other types of organizations based on non-legal forms of authority. Weber observed that bureaucracy has the advantage of being the most technically skilled form of organization, with expertise, certainty, continuity and unity. The emergence of bureaucracy as a preferred form of organization was accompanied by the rise of monetary-based economies (which eventually led to the development of capitalism) and the consequent need to ensure impersonal, legitimate transactions. Instrumental organizations (e.g., public stock business companies) quickly emerged because their bureaucratic organization allowed them to handle the demands of capitalist production more efficiently than small-scale producers

Weber's theory of bureaucracy not only emphasizes its comparative advantage of technology and proficiency, but also attributes its dominance as a form of organization to the reduction of caste systems (such as feudalism) and other forms of unequal social relations based on individual status

# data[].attributes.body
1.  (1. The institutionalisation of the authority and responsibility of each position is defined on the basis of the division of labour.
2、Determine the position of different positions in the organisation according to their level of authority, forming an ordered hierarchical system that is consolidated in institutional form.
3. The characteristics of the position and the requirements of the competencies expected of the person in that position are clearly defined. Members of the organisation are selected on the basis of their technical qualifications.
4. Managers are in a position of authority according to the powers conferred by the legal system, and in principle all are subordinated to the provisions of the system, not to a particular person.
5. When managers exercise management, each manager is responsible for a specific job only; has the authority necessary to carry out his or her functions; and his or her powers are subject to strict limits and to the provisions of the relevant statutes and systems. ）

2.yes Bureaucracy becomes stronger when catalyzed by reason

3.The spirit of rationalism brought about by asceticism has gained a momentum of its own. The rational order of capitalism has become an iron cage that imprisons humanity

# data[].attributes.body
Describe key features of modern bureaucracies.

Bureaucracy is a specific form of organization defined by complexity, division of labor, permanence, professional management, hierarchical coordination and control, strict chain of command, and legal authority.

Why has bureaucracy spread in the modern world?

Because power comes from the position, excessive concentration of power will lead to the formation of bureaucracy.

Do you think that bureaucracy and rationality are equivalent? Why or why not?

yes, because bureaucracy is an important representative of the rationality of modern capitalism.

What ‘Iron Cage’ refers to in Weber’s terminology? Explain

Max Weber used 'Iron Cage' as a trend in society to move towards a form of bureaucratic rationality that would not realize universal freedom, but rather create an “iron cage” from which there would be no escape.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Private life is separated from professional life.
2) Rules are standarised and codified.

3.yes modern bureaucracies are equivalent to rationalization because private life is separated from official life

4. weber mean by iron cage is that people have barriers to achieve rationalization

# data[].attributes.body
1. clear hierarchy, specialization, a division of labor, and a set of formal rules, or standard operating procedures.

2.it provides the possibility for government to function effectively and efficiently, leading the larger and larger societies, with increasingly complex and diverse ways of life for its citizens.

3.yes,Bureaucratic rationality is identified as domination through knowledge.

4.the iron cage is a concept introduced by Max Weber to describe the increased rationalization inherent in social life.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Specialised, Impersonal, Hierarchical, Objective - It can be found everywhere, workers are specialised in their jobs by training and learning(specialised), they should set aside all personal considerations(objectivity), the division of time at work at home/no sympathy intefered (impersonal), Improvisation not allowed(not so flexible), documentation and formulation are the key principles as well.
2. Principles and rules even in small process were required. In the traditional society, there were a paradox in hereditary which the main stream was charismatic domination by absolutists. Hence, Weber argued that bureaucratic organisations which are run by legal groups with a system of order, norms, and documents are the most rational system.
3. In some senese. It is believed that the accuracy and objectivity improved effieciency and productivity. However, it is unlikely to show individual's creativity since they are restricted by rules, procedure, and the order of rank. Especially for a lower branch of organisation might have a more repulsion on it.
4. Weber suggested that it is unavoidable to be unswayed by the system of the division of labour and a hierarchical structure in societies. He believed that the 'iron cage' is a barrier of individuals' freedom.

# data[].attributes.headline
Describe key features of modern bureaucracies. Why has bureaucracy spread in the modern world? Do you think that bureaucracy and rationality are equivalent? Why or why not? What ‘Iron Cage’ refers to in Weber’s terminology? Explain  

# data[].attributes.subject
Describe key features of modern bureaucracies. Why has bureaucracy spread in the modern world? Do you think that bureaucracy and rationality are equivalent? Why or why not? What ‘Iron Cage’ refers to in Weber’s terminology? Explain  