# data[].attributes.body
Small localized resistance against French control

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1953 CIA's coup replaces nationalist leader Mohammed Mossadeq

# data[].attributes.subject
1953 CIA's coup replaces nationalist leader Mohammed Mossadeq

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In attempt to counter communism in Iran
His dictatorship alienated the Iran population (even his own soldiers)

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1930s: Established the Vietnamese Nationalist Party

# data[].attributes.subject
1930s: Established the Vietnamese Nationalist Party

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- Attempted to violently overthrow French colonialism
- Failed against the French secret police

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1930s: Communist Party of Vietnam was formed

# data[].attributes.subject
1930s: Communist Party of Vietnam was formed

# data[].attributes.body
- The leader was Ho Chi Minh
- Their main focus was of nationalist resistance in Vietnam

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Popular nationalist figure in Vietnam Ngo Dinh Diem sojourns in US. Catholic religious beliefs make him prime candidate to install for US.

# data[].attributes.body
Weakens French colonial control

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Ho Chi Minh proclaims an independent Vietnam

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1946 French denounced Vietnam's Declaration of Independence

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1946 French denounced Vietnam's Declaration of Independence

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1945: Vietnam won the War of Liberation against France

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1945: Vietnam won the War of Liberation against France

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- Viet Minh got guerrilla tactics from China
- Their general was Vo Nguyen Giap
- Got control of Hanoi

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1945: Vietnam Declared Independence - but Still Divided

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1945: Vietnam Declared Independence - but Still Divided

# data[].attributes.body
- Vietnamese declare independence but the South was still divided
- French with the assistance of the British took advantage of this

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During World War II - Japan supported the Vietnamese in authority and concurrently, the French power was decreasing, helping the vietnamese gain back independence

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With the help of Britain, France regained control of Saigon (partly in response to the humiliation of Nazis and desire to regain colonial lands)

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The truce between France and Vietnam was broken and the country fell back into guerrilla warfare

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Decided to "protect" Southern Vietnam from the communist Northern Vietnam.
Backed the first president of Southern Vietnam.

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Ngo Dinh Diem, supported by the U.S., rigged the election to take power in south Vietnam

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Geneva conference established independent democratic N. Vietnam

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500k US Forces in Vietnam

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1970s: New Western-Educated Middle Class

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1970s: New Western-Educated Middle Class

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1945: Loss of colonial holdings in Asia after the War

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1945: Loss of colonial holdings in Asia after the War

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Early 1900s: Indian Nationalists Demand Independence

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Early 1900s: Indian Nationalists Demand Independence

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- Envisaged a constitution that would trump any ethnic, linguistic, or religious identities
- Equality before the law

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US diplomats negotiate talks to end US involvement in S. Vietnam.

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In contrast to the constitutional government envisaged by people like Gandhi and Nehru, Muslims and Hindus embraced religious nationalism and supported separatism to form their own states.

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India and Pakistan became separate countries - both became independent

- Population exchange
- India = federal parliamentary democracy
- Pakistan = constitution - regime authoritarian
- Post-colonial territorial disputes leading to conflict
- Gandhi assassinated by Hindi-religious-nationalistic-extremists

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S. Vietnam falls apart without US support

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- The first prime minister was Jawaharlal Nehru
- Had to unite
- Migration of 2m+ people over 100k Indians died

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The non-aligned movement is informally formed in Indonesia

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India state socialism began second 5 years plan that focused investments largely into industries.

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The non-aligned movement is formally inaugurated which helps maintain independent from Soviet and Western powers.

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Rallying using religion instead of patriotism/nationalism
(Religious nationalism)

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Field Marshall Ayub Khan establishes power in a bloodless coup imposing raw constitution separate from the British negotiated constitution.

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- Purged bad influences of the West, made everything religions, implemented Islamic legal codes

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1912: African National Congress was Formed

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1912: African National Congress was Formed

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Dutch Afrikaners solidified national control leading the nationalist party advancing institutionalized white supremacy and minority rule.

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Sadam Hussein annexes oil rich territories beginning the Iran-Iraq War which would end in embarrassing cease fire for Iran -> internal repression in Iran.

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- Anti-Apartheid movements began
- Led by F. W. de Klerk - moderate Afrikaner leaders pushed for reforms, dismantling apartheid system

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Nationalist win independence from Britain.

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The African National Congress party won led by Nelson Mandela who became SA first black president.