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Thomas Newcomen invented the first steam engine. It was not very useful yet, but the idea of using steam to make machines run will be important to the Industrial Revolution.

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James Hargreaves, a British carpenter and weaver, invented the spinning jenny. The machine spun more than one ball of yarn or thread at a time, making it easier and faster to make cloth.

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1769-James Watt improves the steam engine

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1769-James Watt improves the steam engine

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James Watt from Scotland designed a more efficient steam engine. One of the most important inventions of the Industrial Revolution, steam engines power the first trains, steamboats, and factories.

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Eli Whitney created a machine that made it much easier to separate cotton seeds from cotton fiber. It greatly reduced the time it took to clean cotton and helped the southern U.S. to make more money from cotton crops.

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Samuel Morse invented the telegraph, which allowed messages to be sent quickly over a wire. By 1860, telegraph wires stretched from the east coast of the United States west of the Mississippi River.

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1846-Elias Howe invents the sewing machine

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1846-Elias Howe invents the sewing machine

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At a time when people had to make their own clothes at home or pay someone else to sew them by hand, Elias Howe invented the sewing machine. Clothes could then be made in large factories.

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1853-Elisha Otis invented the elevator safety break. 

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1853-Elisha Otis invented the elevator safety break. 

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Elevators were already invented by 1853, but people worried about elevator cars falling. Elisha Otis invented a safety break to prevent them from falling if a cable breaks, making people feel more confident about using elevators in tall buildings.

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1855-The Bessemer Method for processing steel is invented. 

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1855-The Bessemer Method for processing steel is invented. 

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Henry Bessemer invented a process for making steel out of iron. Having a way to make steel more quickly and more cheaply helped the production of buildings and leads to the growth of cities.

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Alfred Nobel invented dynamite, which is a safer way to blast holes in mountains or the ground than simply lighting black powder. Dynamite was important in clearing paths to build things such as roads and railroad tracks.

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1870-Louis Pasteur develops vaccines for diseases. 

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1870-Louis Pasteur develops vaccines for diseases. 

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A chemist named Louis Pasteur believed that germs caused disease. Using this information, he created vaccines that helped prevent many common diseases, which helped people live longer.