# data[].attributes.body
Wilfer Sierra Carrillo

ACV - LCA is a technique to determine the environmental inventory associated aspects and potential impacts of a product: compiling a relevant inputs and outputs of the system; evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with these inputs and outputs, and interpreting the results of the inventory and impact phases in relation to the objectives of the study.

Product life cycle

# data[].attributes.body
Wilfer Sierra Carillo

The ISO 14044 standard is used to evaluate the life cycle of the products, generating the requirements and guidelines to carry out the evaluation, which include:

1. The definition of the objective.

2. What is the scope of the life cycle.

3.  The life cycle inventory should be analyzed.

4. A critical examination of the life cycle is interpreted, reported and carried out.

5. There are certain limitations in the cycle.

6. The phases of the life cycle are related.

7.  There are certain value options and elements that are optional.

# data[].attributes.body
Karen Lorena Garzón

In this paper, is examined the energy and environmental properties of China Resources Snow Breweries Distributed Energy System project in Sichuan Province, China, which is the first Distributed Energy System project to provide electricity to the grid in China. As far as our knowledge, we are the very first to evaluate this unique project, and provide policy guidance for more projects alike.

The Growing Trend of Distributed Energy System Projects in China

Distributed Energy System can satisfy user’s various needs (heat, cooling and electricity) while
reducing the efficiency loss during energy transportation.

Life Cycle Analysis Becomes a Main Stream of Evaluation Methods.

Investigates the difference of emission between Distributed Energy System and traditional energy system, providing insights about sensitivity factors like HPR (Heat-Power Ratio) and
discussing about several specific scenarios.

A Case Study of Beer Brewery Auxiliary Power Supply in Sichuan, China

Case studies are demanded in both academic literature and policy-making because:

1. The specific setting of Distributed Energy System project influences the economic feature of the technology the project uses.

2. Case studies provide more specific and realistic data to give insights about this type of projects

3. Specific setting in case studies helps researchers use more tailor-made assumptions to
examine more factors.

Our Research Framework and the Organization of This Paper

With output (electricity, heat and cooling) held constant, we analyzed the input required by different technologies and compared life cycle energy consumption and GHG emission. By comparing the results of these cases and doing sensitivity analysis.

# data[].attributes.body
Karen Lorena Garzón

Case studies are demanded in both academic literature and policy-making because: 1) the specific setting of Distributed Energy System project influences the economic feature of the technologythe project uses2) case studies provide more specific and realistic data to give insights about this type of projects3) specific setting in case studies helps researchers use more tailor-made assumptions toexamine more factors.

# data[].attributes.body
Leydi Tatiana Higuera

The lifecycle in an organization impacts in a positive or negative way, the identification allows reduce the impacts on the environment, the organization must understand that all the stages interact with each other, they interrelate in all the cycle, from the acquisition of the raw matter until the disposal of the final product.

In order to contemplate all the environmental aspects to an organization, it must consider:

Your position in the lifecycle.

The degree of control about the stages in the lifecycle.

The degree of influence about the stages in the lifecycle.

The life of the product, and its influence on the supply chain, the size of the supply chain and the technological complexity of the product.

Standards NTC ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 allow to guarantee the accomplishment of the applicable requirements, in the lifecycle analysis (LCA) evidencing evaluation and control of the inputs, the outputs and the potential environmental impacts of the product through its lifecycle.

# data[].attributes.body
Inside the stages that must be considering are the next:

Acquisition of raw materials:

They are all activities necessary for the extraction of raw materials and energy inputs from the environment, including transport before the production. This is included in the environmental aspects and impacts matrix in energy consumption processes as well as in all aspects where natural resources are used.

Fabrication process:

Activities necessary to convert the raw materials and energy in the desired product, also must be included in the environmental aspects and impacts matrix to ensure the control as well as the impacts associated to the transportation.

Distribution and transportation:

Transport of the final product to the customer, associated to the impact generated by the emissions of pollutants produced by different vehicles used for this activity and increases due to the growth of the market and the need to achieve sustainable development.

Use reuse and maintenance:

The use of the finished product throughout its service life must be controlled with a methodology that guarantees the use of recyclable waste to dispose in small quantities.

Recycling:

Once the product served for its initial function begins and consequently its recycled through the same product system (closed recycling cycle) or get in to a new product system (open recycling cycle). Programs must be implemented to comply and guarantee the control indicating the waste generated, if recycling is applied or not and what type of disposal will be the most appropriate.

Waste management:

Once the product has served its function and it is returned to the environment as a waste must be collected and limited according to the polluted and hazard degree, to avoid affecting waste that can be transformed for recovery, so that way they do not represent damages or risks to the human health and the environment.

# data[].attributes.body
Karen Lorena Garzón

Life cycle Analysis (LCA) is the collection and evaluation of theinputs, outputs and potential environmental impacts of aproduct system through its life cycle.

Life cycle Analysis can help:

1. Identifying opportunities to improve the environmentalperformance of products at different stages of their lifecycle.

2. Providing information to decision makers in industry,governmental or non-governmental organizations (e.g.,strategic planning, prioritization, design and redesign ofproducts or processes).

3. The selection of relevant environmental performanceindicators, including measurement techniques.

4. Marketing (for example, implementing an environmentallabelling scheme, developing an environmental claim, or anenvironmental product declaration).

# data[].attributes.body
Wilfer Sierra Carrillo

The ACV evaluates the potential impact on the environment of a product, process or activity throughout its life cycle by:

The amount of resource use ("inputs" as energy, such as the raw materials needed to manufacture it, transport of raw materials, water or energy used)

Environmental emissions ("outlets" to air, water and soil)

Determine the contributions of the different stages of the life cycle of this product to the total emissions

Analysis of the socio-economic impact by determining the Life Cycle Analysis tools to increase the effectiveness in each of the phases in the life of the product.

# data[].attributes.body
Leydi Tatiana Higuera

The lifecycle analysis allow us to evaluate the enviromental carge associated to a product, process or activity and quantifying the use of matter and energy as the emissions to the environment, to determinate the impact of the use of the resources and the emissions with the goal to implement strategies of environmental improvement.

The lifecycle analysis includes the cycle of a product, process or activity, considering the stages of the extraction and processing of raw materials, production, transport, distribution, use, reuse, maintenance, recycling and final disposal.

# data[].attributes.body
Wilfer Sierra Carrillo

Life cycle

Consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposal

System boundary

Set of criteria specifying which unit processes are part of a product system

Consistency check

Process of verifying that the assumptions, methods and data are consistently applied throughout the study and are in accordance with the goal and scope definition performed before conclusions are reached.

# data[].attributes.body
Karen Lorena Garzón

ISO 14044 is used to evaluate the life cycle of the products,generating the requirements and guidelines for carrying outthe evaluation, in which are included:

The definition of theobjective.

What is the scope of the life cycle?

The lifecycleinventory must be analyzed.

A critical review of the life cycleIs interpreted, reported and performed.

There Are Certainlimitations in the cycle.

The phases of the life cycle arerelated.

There Are Certain value options and items that areoptional.

The scope definition should include:

The Product/Service system to be studied.

The system functions.

Definition of the functional unit.

System Limits.

Methodology for data collection.

Data Characteristics required.

Assumptions.

Limitations

# data[].attributes.body
Wilfer Sierra Carrillo

Considering the reading Life Cycle Analysis of Distributed Energy System Projects’

Energy Consumption and GHG Emission – A Case of Beer Brewery Auxiliary Power Supply in China, I believe that a life cycle according to the NTC focuses on the definition of a goal and scope, based on an analysis of inventory which is evaluated through an impact, obtaining as a result the development and product improvement, strategic planning, public policy setting, commercialization, among others.

That is why reading as the main theme of the use of natural gas for the implementation of projects, aims to have a large scope for the reduction of energy and GHG.

In my opinion it is a very successful proposal since it contributes to the mitigation of GHGs and offers alternatives for the use of sustainable technologies that help preserve the environment.

# data[].attributes.body
Wilfer Sierra Carrillo

The  evaluates the potential impact on the environment of a product, process or activity throughout its life cycle by:

The amount of resource use ("inputs" as energy, such as the raw materials needed to manufacture it, transport of raw materials, water or energy used)

Environmental emissions ("outlets" to air, water and soil)

Determine the contributions of the different stages of the life cycle of this product to the total emissions

Analysis of the socio-economic impact by determining the Life Cycle Analysis tools to increase the effectiveness in each of the phases in the life of the product.