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How to Read Literature Like a Professor 

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How to Read Literature Like a Professor 

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Part 12: Symbols

Thesis: Symbol has a limited range of meaning and cannot stand for only one thing

Symbol problem: readers expect them to be an object or images. It also can be an event or an action.

If they can —> it’s not symbolism —> It’s allegory

Allegory: things stand for other things on a one-for-one basis

Allegory’s Mission: To convey a certain message

Long range of meanings

To figure out symbol, we need to use these tools:

Questions - “What are the outcomes in the text?”

Experience

Pre-existing knowledge - “What else can it mean based on experiences?”

Cave example:

Plato’s cave interior: Cave experience linked to Adela’s deepest level of her consciousness and frightened by what she finds there.

Cave symbol —> keeps secret

Describe their effect

Are they picturesque? ( picturesque - attractive, vivid )

History significant? - (The views, assumption, physical presence)

Irony - Changes everything in a story

Ask questions of the text:

what’s the writer doing with this image, this object, this act

what possibilities are suggested by the movement of the narrative or the lyric; and most important, what does it feel like it’s doing?

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https://iranhumanrights.org/2020/03/they-want-to-create-fear-more-artists-summoned-to-prison-amid-irans-rising-covid-19-death-toll/

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/iranian-instagram-star-contracts-coronavirus-prison-200420070039545.html

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/iranian-instagram-star-contracts-coronavirus-prison-200420070039545.html

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-us-soleimani/iran-president-says-iran-responded-will-respond-to-assassination-of-soleimani-idUSKBN21513K

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNdwFftpndM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USMn_XVvibg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDac-DnvUIs

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/backstories/388/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ia04d_3wd-Q

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12nLyhaXQH0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATj4VdGf6pw

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Love and Discrimination in Iran

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IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER!

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1AVss6LBM4SpSEa4f0j5rGJIn9ULv3gxMC8vFmbKBRi4/edit

English IA Summative
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Mvo0UIxO5w4BpIJTRw3jkgv_o7cLug3nd6cRkVmEA4I/edit

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BBC Analysis ( Death of Khomeini, Failed Hostage Rescue )

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BBC Analysis ( Death of Khomeini, Failed Hostage Rescue )

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FINAL ESSAY - https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wUuXy3HCw9EdVl8iJzTUp4UQz9lAHyKAntLmNo5yOEQ/edit

ROUGH DRAFT
-

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Find any info about the novel

Author:  Marjane Satrapi

Persepolis Assigment #1
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ffuI1rsPh6Txj1K85LWTRzfWzOdD5qQ1qPR84mypvM0/edit

Persepolis Assigment #2
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-OMs3d1t6O0YEFh4ztG-Tk56Xwgngw3R8J9RoM9P8wU/edit

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S ( Structure )

Introduction

Body - context, style, characterisation, the way people perceive it, theme

Thesis

Conclusion - synthesis of Achebe, Adichie, independent new Africa

Synthesising ideas together. ( all the elements you’ve talked about )

Introduction -> Précis

Commentary Thesis

Focused Analysis ( PEE )

Effectiveness

Commentary Thesis

Conclusion - Evaluation

C ( Context )

Nigerians

Modernism

Colonialism

Independence

Africanism

GI ( Global Issue )

Culture

Identity

Power

Language ( hierarchy )

Social Class

Ethnicity

W-Bow ( Body of Works )

Adichie

Achebe

Enwonwe

Nadine Ibrahim

Helon Habila

Others ( Artist you chose or friends chose )

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Presentation Slide
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1phLS0QcTqdSDfSOQPmz29PHgMT2ehdLVjwfrBOH_TZ0/edit#slide=id.g6d7daaddcf_0_9

Reflection
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nsUOMHHZ2SlNLmAPLPJVOioevXjAP_alfu_1-pdxCBo/edit

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English Term 3 Notes

Bathos - (especially in a work of literature) an effect of anticlimax created by an unintentional lapse in mood from the sublime to the trivial or ridiculous.

Bathos can be a form of irony.

Irony -  state of affairs or an event that seems deliberately contrary (opposite) to what one expects and is often amusing as a result.

plural noun: ironies

Racism, A History 1 Slavery To Segregation

20 years time, black men will have the whip hand on white man

Black people remain impoverish at the old days

Racism has outlived slavery

Receive only resources that is relatable to cash (e.g seeds ) Still owes all the time

No matter what you do, You are always in debt

Literacy test to stop black man to vote

Jim crow system - named after a vaudeville act that ridiculed black people

Looking at white women wrongly, black men could be lynched ( kill someone by hanging  - Political and economic terror

Tied from log from his feet up

Martin Luther King - I Have A Dream

Imagery of time

Imagery of loneliness

Imagery of constraint

Anaphora

Antithesis

1.Thematic Aspect

2.Literary Features

3.Writers Effect on reader

Racism History

1970s - General Motors

- General Foods

- Energy Crisis ( A lot of oil in other places not only on Texas) - The world does not need to buy oil resources from the America

Motor City starts to decline ( rip bankrupt )

1st that got effected: Minority ( The Blacks ) -> Unemployment and less pays / No education due to lack of cash/assets

1980s - Equality and Opportunity

The minority ( The blacks ) -> Equality between black and white ( privilege )

Migrating due to lack of services and less payment ( salaries )

White Supremacy - due to the black responding/ fighting for their rights

Ku Klux Klan ( The whites ) putting back the black where they belong ( Due to their uprising social status ) -> Especially wealthy ones

1990s - Present - Protest ( Silent protest ) to media to not get blame for crimes (false crime for blacks )

Even worst now because Obama no longer president and Trump is taking back the bad times

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Slavery for guns and rums ( King gives slavery to Europeans ) - capturing them -> Reason: To get money and get rich

Slave race became arm race

20% never seen land again

Thrown over board if they’re sick and discipline

Survived = humanised

Some suicide and starve themselves

Most Slave was man

Chapter, 31, 32 , 33 , 34

Homework due Tuesday

Daniel Sawai, Ethan, William Kim

——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

Iran ( Persian )

Zoroatrainsim -> oldest monotheistic religion in history

Sacred Fire -> Enlightenment

Good word, good deed, good thoughts

Good and bad -> Principle - way of behaving

Founder: Zoroatrainisim

Devil -> Made their own form of it ( each religion )

Good and evil takes place in the mind

Problems -> Man made -> should be fix by man

Good and evil in us -> Perish evil by doing the right thing

Islamic revolution -> 1979

Anatomy of Revolution

4500 executed

People want a Islamic government to get rid of Shah

Fire in cinema rex —> doors were locked — > fire set by agent of government or the Shah  -> 400 died

Not everyone wants Islamic Revolution -> Killed the one who supported the Shah

Everyone wanted Shah to be gone

But people still start assassinating -> killed youngster

April 1st 1979 -> Iran Republic

Attack embassy -> to get the Shah back

US became enemy

Foreign Interference  Economic Inequality

Conflict with the west -Britain live in privilege

-Britain/American overthrown king -Iran live in poverty, discriminate over Iran as dogs

-Oil in British hands -After foreign interference, women can vote

-Democratic Prime minister who want -Land not redistribute

to take control of oil ( British and -Education expand, income was not distribute

Americans didn’t liked it )   equally, but everyone was doing good

-Wants great lifestyle, not for the good of -Lots of money placed and created inflation

the country - 1977, economy collapsed

-Oil revenue -> Prosperity

Importance of Khomeini Brutality of the Shah

-Respected religion -Corruption

-Holy religious person Did not do anything, just want benefit for himself

-Want a new type of republic Not patriot

-Want a Islamic republic by getting -Harsh

Rid of Shah.

-Became leader of the Islamic Republic        -Develop nations infrastructure, waste a

money

-Energy crisis

-Became single party state -> became hubristic w   with politics

-Attacking the shores

-Exile in iran -> only guy that shah couldn’t touch -Declared Marshal War

-Ask foreign to get rid of Khomeini

-Shah fled the country because he was scared of   the protest

-1000 political opponents executed

-4500 political opponents were imprisoned

Iraq

Iran -> Strongest Shia Country

Iran Since the Revolution

Iranian Hostage Crisis

60 US Citizen as Hostage (Blind folded and tied up )

Shah as a reprensentative of US ->  Because in the past, the foreign controlled the Shah

Acquired American Embassy

Khomeini gave support to students

Ruin Iran reputation because attack embassy ( embassy should be a safe place, not government related )

444 Days

Hijack revolution and take control

Hostage taker - country who don’t follow the rules

Iran-Iraq War

Sadam expelled Khomeini

Sadam saw his chance to invade his neighbour ( he was worried of Iran’s Shia population)

War would end in seven days said Sadam

Sadam withdraws soldiers. But Iran keep attacking even though they were overthrown

Destroyed 15 cities in Iran ( Iran used banned weaponry) -> Chemical weapons

UN and US helped Iran to get rid of Khomeini

August 1988, war ends -> Millions of people killed

1989, Supreme leader died ( age 89 ) due to health concerns

New leader: Ayatollah Khomeini ( successor of Khomeini )

Iran Today

Islam revolution affected other country such as US

Regional superpower and political affairs

Israel invaded Lebanon ( armed group supported by Iran )

Hizballah - funded by Iran ( Iran allied with US ), Lebanon find this as a threat

Iran used his nuclear for peaceful purposes and nuclear energy (The world does not like it)

Nucleur energy is different from nuclear science

Reach Independence -> Iranian nation and government says we need to have it

Islam republic -> 2 strong leaders

Medina Jed made offensive laws

Drug addiction - Iran has addiction

1 million to 1.8 billion treatment -> moderate policy

Imam Khomeini said that we can choose sex and change name. People live more comfortable in Iran, no problems in Iran

Homosexuals persecuted

Hashim tortured by Shah’s super police

Have own problems, so need to fix their own solution

Women: Inequality, bring hierarchy down (high status to lower status )

Women is a half a man. 13 years old is the legal marriage

58% girl 42% boy. 30% of workforce is women. Some cannot make a good job.

Government has not react to this issue

Enmities stay strong and cannot be controlled still

IMPORTANT: Always make connection with Adichie and Persepolis

Abbas Attar - Photographer

Photo the revolution

Believe that the extremist always win

Self learner ( taught himself to use a camera )

Against revolution, supported the Shah

Marjane Satrapi - Author of Persepolis

Quote: The world is not divided between East and West. You are American, I am Iranian, we don’t know each other, but we talk and we understand each other perfectly. The difference between you and your government is much bigger than the difference between you and me. And the difference between me and my government is much bigger than the difference between me and you.

And our governments are very much the same.

Every human being is the same even though we are different in colour, race, identity

Ignorance makes us think we are not that we are not the same

Education, not war and bombs

Every can read and well made

Theme

Sensationalism vs Reality - Sensational life in Iran and in real life

Women rights

Political and Social liberty

Freedom of expression

War and the daily life in war

The culture of the clash

East vs West

Importance of graphic novel

Layout

Panel

Graphic weighting

The Frame

Big 5

Character

Themes

Tone and Mood

Stylistic Device

Structure

Essential questions

What are the benefits and boundaries of a culture?

How is our understanding of culture constructed?

Who constructed it?

How are stereotypes constructed and deconstructed? Who controls them?

Academic words to learn

Retrospection

Imperialism

Radicalise

Fanaticism

Fundamentalism

Coup d’état

Covert and Overt

Insurgency

Exile

Asylum

Diaspora

Graphic Novel:

Words and images

Why so many film are based on comics?

Based on auto biography

Train or eyes recognise individual ( expression/feeling )

From imagination to real ( e.g photographs of Marjane Satrapi father when he took a photo of the revolution ) Taken from Persepolis

Allow to see social construction

Single frames - Show complexity in different ways

In comic, always see for ourselves through the meaning because its full of complexity

Marjane Satrapi - Author of Persepolis

Quote: The world is not divided between East and West. You are American, I am Iranian, we don’t know each other, but we talk and we understand each other perfectly. The difference between you and your government is much bigger than the difference between you and me. And the difference between me and my government is much bigger than the difference between me and you.

And our governments are very much the same.

Every human being is the same even though we are different in colour, race, identity

Ignorance makes us think we are not that we are not the same

Education, not war and bombs

Every can read and well made

Theme

Sensationalism vs Reality - Sensational life in Iran and in real life

Women rights

Political and Social liberty

Freedom of expression

War and the daily life in war

The culture of the clash

East vs West

Importance of graphic novel

Layout

Panel

Graphic weighting

The Frame

Big 5

Character

Themes

Tone and Mood

Stylistic Device

Structure

Essential questions

What are the benefits and boundaries of a culture?

How is our understanding of culture constructed?

Who constructed it?

How are stereotypes constructed and deconstructed? Who controls them?

Academic words to learn

Retrospection

Imperialism

Radicalise

Fanaticism

Fundamentalism

Coup d’état

Covert and Overt

Insurgency

Exile

Asylum

Diaspora

Graphic Novel:

Words and images

Why so many film are based on comics?

Based on auto biography

Train or eyes recognise individual ( expression/feeling )

From imagination to real ( e.g photographs of Marjane Satrapi father when he took a photo of the revolution ) Taken from Persepolis

Allow to see social construction

Single frames - Show complexity in different ways

In comic, always see for ourselves through the meaning because its full of complexity

Themes, Architectonics, Motifs

Transformation

Barriers

Opportunities

Architectonics —> expression, dialogue, titles, panel, captions, images                                                                               Time+Space

Exposition —> Conflict ( time, place, society) ( Age, change, culture ) —> Rising action —> Climax —> Falling —> Resolution

Character vs Supernatural

Character vs Character

Character vs himself

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African artist relating to Adichie or inspired by Adichie.

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African artist relating to Adichie or inspired by Adichie.

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English Term 2 Notes

Adichie

Came from privilege family ( medium-household income )

Parents are well-versed

Thing falls apart by Chinua Achebe <— Adichie inspired <- Story about missionaries from British went to a village and  wants to convince the African to believe in their culture and the their past culture are just rubbish and not true.

Adichie talks about Ben Enwonwu in her book

Joseph Conrad

Wrote Heart of Darkness to convince the British to believe that their culture is truly inspiring and should be followed

Ben Enwonwu

Form of African Woman - change their perspective on how they look like and how they perceive the world

Video - The Africans: A Triple Hertitage

By: Ali A Mazuri

Essential Paradox - Cuts by equator into almost 2 equal half

Their people have lived in isolation

African believe on the sacred on the water

African build the place, Isis

Geography and history (LINKED) to the lake and culture

Football ( main sports in Africa )

Islam effecting African values before the Europeans

Jesus made by Portugese, Arabs ( history of language evolved from 1 to 1000 )

Prayer better than sleep

Geography - Tradisional, Islam and the west

Family, Commerce, history

African known as lower than Homo sapiens ( African is one of the earliest human beings/ birthplace of human culture and where it began ( evolving from basic human needs (supply and shelter )

NO REAL ADVENTURES SEEKING NEW LANDS TO CONQUER

Restricting woman to kitchen - not part of culture, Man is the hunters

Africa maintain privacy

Christian disappeared ( catholics/christianity ) and Arabs conquered ( muslim ) < —  bliss of wet eternity. Pray 5 times a day ‘’’’’’

The Novelist As Forthright Political Thinkers

Being black in America through African eyes

Racism -> Christian/Muslim

250 years to achieve freedom

Using her platform (fame, etc) to talk about her racism

America’s original sin - The Atlantic Slave Trade

Jim Crows Laws -> designed to keep black and white people separate  ( facilities separated )

Not removed until 1960s, but racism still exist

Racism, A History 2, Protest Movement

Black soldiers being killed after World War 2 fighting for their country (US)

Lynching - mob (kill)

Martin Luther King

Racism, A History 3, Protest Movement

Black are likely to die faster than white

Don’t recognise what they are doing are rational racism

Mass Disenfranchisement

Science study that black people are not much intellectual than white people

12% people in America are black

66% of all children referred to police by their schools are black or Hispanic (Spanish, etc )

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What I have done well -> Identified  some of the writer's identities and techniques

Need to improve
- Needs a thesis statement in your introduction which clearly outlines my arguement and explains what you think the author is trying to do

- Needs to read te guiding questions carefully and address them in my essay

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Understand which is NLPand which is a LP
LP - Literary Passage
NLP - Non-literary Passage

Song lyrics not allowed in IO ( Individual Oral )

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Nigerian Research related to Americanah and Adichie

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Nigerian Research related to Americanah and Adichie

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Person chosen: Joe Boy

Requirement:

Biography
5 passages from text ( article, tweet, lyrics, etc ) ( SAMPLE OF PERSON'S WORK, THEME, CONCERN(Purpose)
Choose 1/5 sample thats the strongest (lyrics, etc)
- Critic on the person

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Plato Final Essay - Ethan & Andy
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nk7OeF6OoVvNogw0Z79n8GUa-ErIfasBhQgy5qGCVGY/edit

Plato Final Essay Reflection
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dvY3CJZVnuw3cS4z3Bt7xURG9GBlU9K99ONLNIcU6J0/edit

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LL Model

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Related to fake happiness, selfless happiness, and other different types of happiness.

Reach when the time of death. Happiness from permanent aspiration (e.g  family,  globalization) not temporal. (e.g music, games, etc)

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Topic: Buddha on Happiness
Link:

Choice of selections:
Video
Presentation
Podcast
Other media related subjects

Choice selected:
Video

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https://genius.com/Paramore-fake-happy-lyrics

Hey, if I smile with my teeth
Bet you believe me
If I smile with my teeth
I think I believe me

[Chorus]
Oh please, don't ask me how I've been
Don't make me play pretend
Oh no, oh what's the use?
Oh please, I bet everybody here is fake happy too

[Verse 2]
And if I go out tonight
And dress up my fears
You think I look alright with these mascara tears?
See, I'm gonna draw up my lipstick wider than my mouth
And if the lights are low, they'll never see me frown

[Bridge]
I know I said that I was doing good and that I'm happy now
Ooh ooh
I shoulda known when things were going good
That's when I'd get knocked down

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Reference:
https://www.okayafrica.com/joeboy-love-light-ep-interview-nigeria/

Video:

Joeboy Shares The Inspiration Behind 'Baby' on The Mix

( 6 minutes long )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn1SFKJQkPs

Joeboy Shares The Inspiration Behind 'Baby' on The Mix

Joseph Akinfenwa Donus, known as Joe Boy was born at Lagos, Nigeria. He achieved fame from his cover of Shape of You By Ed Sheeran and his jam "Baby" with the help of his friend (Mr Eazi) which is also a top-charted songwriter in Nigeria.
Music Genre: Afropop, R&B
Song about happiness and love <- Idea from viewing environment, especially movies

1st passage:
Song: Beginning
Inspired from his friend. She said that "I'm beginning to begin to get angry with you." Joe thinks that this is a funny line and he should make a song out of it.

2nd passage:
Song: Don't Call me Back
Text taken from lyrics:
“I want your heart and soul and your own body too. I can’t let you go.

Inspired from a girl that he likes but she does not like him back because she has feelings for someone else.

3rd Passage:
Song: Baby

Baby is a song where this Joeboy tries to comfort this one girl to get her to acceptence.

Global issue:

Art, Creativity, and Imagination
I chose this global issue because it shows a connection between the artist life and his interest in women. Despite his interest in women, he specifically only like the Nigerian as they can relate to each other on behalf of their culture. He describes his girlfriend as understanding, caring which makes him feel easy for his life. Also, Joeboy never got accepted in any job interview; never getting a call back from the office. It takes one imaginative mind to come out with an idea to be a top-charting artist and be an icon for the Nigerians to be inspired. Although Joe is from an English descent, he still chose to embrace the African culture.

Commentary:
Joe

Reflection:
Researching this artist was very amusing. Although, as an artist, he had the least inspiration compared to other singers. His inspirations are only based on his personal life and relationships. Even his music is all about girls, it’s like he’s desperate to obtain the ‘perfect’ girlfriend. As for a high school student which is myself would already start finding a woman. Well, I’m still single and happy! I learned to love myself but I still have no willing to love someone truly since I’m too focused on myself, trying to get in all the knowledge from school to be something useful in the future. I don’t think this would be good for me, having a mate to take care of me like a mother would make myself innocent and holy as always.

In the process of developing my analysis, I tried to understand the concept of this artist by applying my past experience to it. Using this technique would be risky as I am depending on my past knowledge to answer the question. What if it’s faulty? It would be better if I research the artist much deeper and watch videos that answer the question straightforwardly. Since the artist had some inspirations on his songs, it was difficult for me to find a reliable source to get the information from. Videos from Youtube were helpful but it was incomplete, I need more detailed ones where I can understand this in relating to Nigerian culture. As a foreigner, understanding the content of the African Culture can be misleading, as the media are mostly full of opinions and a minimal amount of facts. It was really hard to relate with African culture, not until I realize that they are other options, not only relating it to Adichie. There are others such as Chinua Achebe, Joseph Conrad and Ben Enwonwu.

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Problem: Dukkha - Suffering in Life —> Occur due to craving( powerful desire)
(e.g Failed to achieve desire / Obsess with desire ( perfectionist ) —> Suffering

Ways to cure Dukkha

1. Eightfold Paths
(e.g Your friends receives a higher grade than you. What you must you do? Rather than jealousy, support them and give then positive feedback. What other thing you could do to help shine other people’s life.

( Overall = MEDITATION+OPTIMISM= HAPPINESS)

-Right Intention
-Right Speech
-Right Action
-Right Livelihood
-Right Effort
-Right Concentration
-Right Mindfulness

2. MEDITATION
Right Concentration

4 Stages (Dhyana )to achieve true happiness

First Jhana - rapture, happiness, and one-pointedness of mind. The practitioner will also possess "directed thought and evaluation.

Second Jhana - the directed thought and evaluation—the analytical mind—are stilled, and the student enters a pure awareness free of conceptualizations. Rapture continues to permeate his body

Third Jhana - the rapture subsides and is replaced by a sense of pleasure in the body. The student is mindful and alert.

Fourth Jhana -  the student is infused with a pure, bright awareness, and all sensations of pleasure or pain drop away.

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Thoughts on Happiness 3 things that make me happy:

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Thoughts on Happiness 3 things that make me happy:

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Spiritual - Human Soul

Corporal -  Related to human body

Temporal - Temporarily (e.g food)

1. Family - SPIRITUAL

2. External goods - CORPORAL/ TEMPORAL

3. Music - CORPORAL

I can’t live without my family

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Marcus Aurelius - Meditations - A Roman Emperor's Guide to Life

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Marcus Aurelius - Meditations - A Roman Emperor's Guide to Life

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Summary: Happiness is achieved from suffering and guilt, don't let negativity drag you down. Move forward.

Quotation that resonate with me:

Forget everything else. Keep hold of this alone and remember it: Each of us lives only now, this brief instant. The rest has been lived already, or is impossible to see. The timespan we live is small—small as the corner of the earth in which we live.

Don’t waste the rest of your time here worrying about other people. It will keep you from doing anything useful. You’ll be too preoccupied with what so-and-so is doing, and why, and what they’re saying, and what they’re thinking, and what they’re up to, and all the other things that throw you off and keep you from focusing on your own mind

It never ceases to amaze me: we all love ourselves more than other people, but care more about their opinion than our own

How is this passage related to my Philospher?

Similarity - Buddha
- Suffering
- Meditation