# data[].attributes.body
-clients self-care
Appearance
-shape
- color (discolored/ can indicate a deficiency)
-capillary refill (circulation)
-brittle
-cracked
-bitten short (can indicate anxiety)
-ridging/clubbing/infections
-ask client how they care for their nails

# data[].attributes.body
Look for any drainage or dryness

Look at sclera of eyes and dilation of pupils

Check for any nose (septum) deviations

Look for any lesions

Signs of infection

Ask if patient wears glasses

Note any asymmetries

Assess any tubes (NG)

Assess hearing and eye sight

# data[].attributes.body
Risk for low self esteem due to altered facial structure.
Risk for Upper Respiratory Infection related to poor nasal care.
Risk for bleeding related to poor patient nose care.
No nursing diagnosis for eyes and ears.

# data[].attributes.body
at risk for fungal infections related to lack of self-care

# data[].attributes.body
Eyes:
eye care for the unconscious patient
contact lenses care and eyeglass care
care for artificial eyes
Ears:
hearing aid care
Nose:
advise not to constantly pick

# data[].attributes.body
teach them how to properly clean the ears.
teach them that they should always wash from the inside of the eye to the outside.
never use q-tips because it can puncture the ear drum
teach about proper nose blowing and not "digging" which can irritate and cause bleeding.

# data[].attributes.body
Patient will not develop an upper respiratory disease during his or her hospital stay.

# data[].attributes.headline
Why should you not apply lotion between the toes?

# data[].attributes.subject
Why should you not apply lotion between the toes?

# data[].attributes.body
moisture, warm, dark wet environment = risk for infection

# data[].attributes.body
-look for any dentures
-tooth discoloration
-mouth/tongue lesions or sores
-color of tongue/mucous membranes
-making sure client doesn't have thrush
-choose method of care based on the clients LOC
-ask client their preferences and routine
-check for cavities/inflammation
-odor
-lip color/texture

# data[].attributes.body
compare the findings in both feet
asses the dorsalis pedis pulse, capillary refill,skin color, and warmth, palpate both sides pulse to see which one is weaker
assess for nail fungus,tinea pedis, diabetes, vascular disease and edema

# data[].attributes.body
Risk for Self- Neglect related to insufficient personal or environmental hygiene
Impaired Skin Integrity related to moisture and excretions as evidenced by redness in the perineal area.

# data[].attributes.body
1) ABCDEF
A- assymetry
B- border
C- color
D- diameter
E- elevation
F- funny looking?
2) Braden Scale

# data[].attributes.body
Outcomes- clean of urine or stool and dry genital area. No odor
Interventions- bed bath, shower. Perineal care is done more often with a patient who is incontinent. For a person who is in bed and incontinent, you lay the bed flat and undo their incontinent brief. You take a clean wash cloth with either soap or peri-care wash and start to clean them. You wash from front to back, and when the front is clean you turn them over onto their side to do their gluteal area, still cleaning front to back. You then put barrier cream and a new brief and then you are done. For a male who is uncircumsized, you always make sure to pull back the skin so you can clean under it, or else it is a major place for an infection to happen. If the patient is able to go on the toilet and needs help to clean them, either use a wet wash cloth or a wet wipe and wipe from front to back. If the patient uses a bedpan, take them off the bedpan, wipe from front to back, change the underneath pad and put their brief/pull up back on.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
While peri-care can initially be intimidating, it is a very important part of the private caregiver/patient relationship. Let's take a closer look at the importance of perineal care, as well as how to perform this critical duty to ensure the ongoing health of your loved one.

Why is Peri-care Important?

Peri-care-also known as perineal care-involves cleaning the private areas of a patient. Because this area is prone to infection, it must be cleaned at least daily, and more if your loved one suffers from incontinence. Typical times to perform peri-care include as part of daily bathing, after the use of the bedpan, and following episodes of incontinence.

Regular peri-care can not only minimize odors, it can also can help prevent urinary tract, bladder and kidney infections.

The Basics of Performing Peri-care (Video)

Thoroughly wash your hands and don gloves before beginning your peri-care regimen.

When your hands are clean and you're ready to start, ask your patient to separate his/her legs. If patients are unable, caregivers will need to offer gentle help. Keep your loved one's body covered to prevent unnecessary exposure and help promote a sense of dignity.

One of the most important aspects of peri-care is checking for signs of infection. These include swelling, lesions, rashes, sores, and boils. These symptoms can lead to serious conditions if not recognized and treated. If you do notice these warning signs, contact your loved one's health care provider.

The video below provides a step-by-step demonstration for caregivers on how to administer peri-care, including gathering supplies, ensuring privacy, and providing thorough care with both compassion and dignity.

Step by Step

Moving from front to back, use warm water and a clean washcloth (or disposible wipes) to clean the perineal area. For females, this involves cleaning the inner legs, labia and groin area while for men it requires cleaning the tip and shaft of the penis, along with the scrotum. Both men and women require cleaning of the anal area, which will involve turning the patient on his/her side.

If possible, use a fresh wipe for each "swipe". If using a wash cloth, use a clean area of the cloth for each motion, and never move from back to front as this can spread germs and cause urinary tract infection. Have several wash cloths handy just in case you need more than one.

If your loved one has a foley catheter, wipe around and down the tubing, but avoid tugging on the foley as this can be painful and harmful.

When you are finished and the entire perineal area is clean, make sure to thoroughly dry each area as excess moisture can lead to chapping and bed sores. Moisturizers and creams can help protect this delicate area. Always be gentle, as this area of the body is sensitive.

Occasionally bed linens will become soiled during perineal care. If so, remove them and launder them along with the wash cloth. A waterproof pad placed under the buttocks, meanwhile, can be a moisture barrier between your loved one and the bed linens.

Remember: the more comfortable you feel with this task, the more comfortable your loved one will feel. Conversely, if you treat peri-care awkwardly or with disdain, your loved one's discomfort will be amplified. Maintain a pleasant demeanor, and be sure to explain what you're doing every step of the way.

Final Thoughts

While perineal care may not top the list of your favorite caregiver tasks, the establishment of a regular peri-care routine is critical to the ongoing well-being of your aging loved one. If you found this article helpful, please share it with fellow caregivers to help keep seniors safe and healthy. Also, be sure to check out mmLearn.org's step-by-step instructional videoon providing proper peri-care, along with their complete collection of videos for caregivers.

If you're looking for a comprehensive resource for family caregivers, check out our online Family Caregiver Guide.

mmlearn.orgoffers a large library of free videos for caregivers of older adults, covering topics pertaining to senior care. Whether you are a healthcare professional or a family caregiver, if you are caring for an older adult we know that you will find mmlearn.org an essential learning and guidance tool for all of your caregiver training needs.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Peri-care: What Every Caregiver Needs to Know

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
While peri-care can initially be intimidating, it is a very important part of the private caregiver/patient relationship. Let's take a closer look at the importance of perineal care, as well as how to perform this critical duty to ensure the ongoing health of your loved one. Why is Peri-care Important?

# data[].attributes.body
-Inspect and palpate the scalp and hair for general color and condition
-Texture change (dryness, oily, breakage, splitting)
-Color
-Length
-Odor
-Products used
-Heavy metals- mercury and arsenic
-Family/Past History of hair

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Created 2009.

Learning objectives

Diagnose common disorders affecting hair and scalp

Discuss treatments used for these disorders

Introduction

Hair loss may refer to excessive shedding or baldness (or both). Balding can be localised or diffuse, scarring or non-scarring. Increased hair can be due to hormonal factors (hirsutism) or non-hormonal (hypertrichosis). Scalp disorders may or may not be associated with hair loss.

Hair shedding

Shedding is most often temporary and due to telogen effluvium (hair bulbs present), but may also be during anagen (no hair bulb) if due to alopecia areata or provoked by a drug (e.g. retinoid, hormone, anticoagulant, statin, cytotoxic).

Telogen effluvium may follow two or three months after a provoking event, most often parturition, sudden weight loss, blood loss, fever or stress. The shedding stops within a few months but it may take a couple of years for the hair bulk to appear normal.

Chronic telogen effluvium arises when the hair cycle has sped up so that the anagen phase is shorter; identify and treat iron deficiency (test ferritin) and hypothyroidism. it is rare in children; most cases are women with diffuse non-androgenic pattern balding.

Diffuse alopecia

Diffuse hair thinning in adults is most often due to male pattern balding in men (androgen-dependent) and female pattern balding (non-androgen-dependent) in females. These rarely present in adolescents. However, diffuse hair thinning may accompany internal disease (particularly systemic lupus erythematosus and syphilis). Thin fragile hair may also accompany iron deficiency. Coarse dry hair may be due to hypothyroidism. In the absence of other symptoms, alopecia areata may be responsible.

Localised alopecia

Balding can be reversible, but if there is scarring it is permanent. Alopecia areata is the most common cause of one or more areas of localised baldness on the scalp and other hair-bearing areas. It is an autoimmune skin disease and is more common in those affected by, or with a family history of, vitiligo, diabetes and thyroid disease. It is also more common in Down syndrome. Although the onset may be at any age, it most often starts in childhood or young adult life.

The scalp appears normal in alopecia areata, but there may be broken-off short hairs resembling exclamation marks (!) In typical alopecia areata, there are one or several round smooth bald patches. In about 5% all hair from the head is lost (alopecia totalis) and in 1% the body hair is also lost (alopecia universalis). In 80% there is regrowth within a few months, but it may be lost elsewhere at the same time or later. Prognosis seems less good in very young children, if the initial hair loss is severe and extensive or affecting facial areas. The nails may be affected resulting in pitting and ridging.

There is a strong placebo effect of treatment because spontaneous regrowth may occur at any stage. It is therefore hard to assess the value of individual treatments. Limited localised disease in children is best managed by ultrapotent topical steroid cream or gel under occlusion. Older children may tolerate intralesional corticosteroid injections 6 to 8-weekly (maximum 20mg per visit).

District Health Boards provide a subsidy to obtain a wig, if medically necessary.

If bald patches are accompanied by inflammation (erythema, scaling, pustules) consider other reasons for hair loss in children:

Tinea capitis (positive microscopy/culture of scale and extracted hair)

Trichotillomania (hair that has been pulled or twisted out: look for broken hairs)

Traction from plaits and braids

These disorders may result in scarring (cicatricial alopecia) in which there is shiny pale skin and reduced or absent follicular orifices.

Hair shaft abnormalities

These are rare and diagnosed by light or electron microscopy. They present as thin, short, or unruly hair in young children. The most common abnormalities are:

Monilethrix: beaded hair

Pili torti: twisted hair

Skin diseases affecting the scalp

Skin diseases that favour the scalp may not cause any hair loss, although when they are very severe this may occur.

The most common conditions affecting the scalp are:

Dandruff or pityriasis capitis

Diffuse scaling

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Ill-defined inflammatory plaques with yellowish scale

Psoriasis

Diffuse or localised well-defined erythematous plaques with silvery scale

Pityriasis amiantacea

Sticky scale due to underlying psoriasis or seborrhoeic dermatitis

Head lice

Adult lice, nits on hair shaft, tiny haemorrhagic spots and excoriations

Lichen simplex

Well demarcated lichenified intensely itchy plaques, usually on occiput

Folliculitis

Chronic scattered and irritable follicular pustules

Excessive hair

Hirsutism is excessive hair growth in females in the beard area, around the nipples, in a male pattern on the abdomen (diamond-shaped pubic hair) and often elsewhere. It is more common in darker skinned Europeans or Middle-Eastern women. It causes a great deal of distress and onset may be at puberty.

Hirsutism is the result of the conversion of fine vellus hair to coarse terminal hair induced by androgens. These may be endogenous (adrenal, pituitary or ovarian origin) or exogenous (androgenic drugs). Excessive androgens will also result in virilism, amenorrhoea and infertility. Investigations should include:

Free testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin

Cortisol, FSH, LH

Ultrasound examination for polycystic ovaries

However, end-organ sensitivity in idiopathic hirsutism is more common, in which investigations indicate hormone status to be normal.

Physical methods of hair removal include:

Medical treatment may be helpful: spironolactone, ethinyloestrodiol/cyproterone contraceptive pill or 50-200mg cyproterone for days 1 to 10 of the menstrual cycle.

Hypertrichosis may be congenital (hairy congenital naevi, hypertrichosis lanuginose and familial hypertrichosis) or acquired. Acquired hypertrichosis may be due to medications (ciclosporin, minoxidil, antiepileptics) or disease (hypercorticism, hypothyroidism, porphyria cutanea tarda, anorexia nervosa). Medical treatment should be directed at the underlying disease.

Activity

Discuss the psychosocial impact of hair loss in adolescents

Sponsored content: melanomas are notoriously difficult to discover and diagnose.

With your help, we can update and expand the website.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Disorders of the hair and scalp | DermNet NZ

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Created 2009. Diagnose common disorders affecting hair and scalp Discuss treatments used for these disorders Hair loss may refer to excessive shedding or baldness (or both). Balding can be localised or diffuse, scarring or non-scarring. Increased hair can be due to hormonal factors (hirsutism) or non-hormonal (hypertrichosis).

# data[].attributes.body
Risk for impaired skin integrity related to...urinary/ fecal incontinence

# data[].attributes.headline
Drug use: some drugs stick to the strands of your hair, hair testing can show if you've used drugs over the past 3 months.

# data[].attributes.subject
Drug use: some drugs stick to the strands of your hair, hair testing can show if you've used drugs over the past 3 months.

# data[].attributes.body
self-care prevention (encourage patients to use non-petroleum lotions, wash their hands)
Nurses can change linen often
Assist with toileting

Outcomes:
Skin is pink, dry, and intact

# data[].attributes.body
-clean/brush the teeth
-care for dentures if needed
-use swabs for lip/mouth hydration and comfort
-floss
-mouthwash
-encourage self care
-position patient properly

# data[].attributes.body
Impaired dentition r/t insufficient oral hygiene manifested by toothache and erosion of enamel

# data[].attributes.body
Pt skin remains intact as manifested by good capillary refill and lack of redness over bony parts of body

# data[].attributes.body
-anti-fungal if they obtain an infection
-medicated nail-polishes/ cream
-client will perform adequate nail care
-client will be educated about risk factors relating to inefficient nail care (infections, etc.)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Oral Care of Hospitalised Older Patients in the Acute Medical Setting

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Oral health care is an essential aspect of nursing care. There are many variances in the quality and frequency of the oral care that is delivered to patients by nursing staff, such as oral care being given a low priority when compared to other nursing…

# data[].attributes.body
Impaired skin integrity r/t humidity and moisture AMB tinea pedis
Risk for infection related to warm, moist enviroment

# data[].attributes.body
- assess the contributing or risk factors ex: specific foods
- educate patient on proper foot care
- help patient maintain a dry environment in between their toes

# data[].attributes.body
-Patient is at risk for infections related to a lack in personal hygiene
- Patient is at risk for depression related to a change in self-care routine/ hair changes (example: hair loss, balding, psycho social issues)

# data[].attributes.body
- ensuring privacy
- cleaning surrounding perineal area before the genitals
- if uncircumcised, retract foreskin and expose penis to clean...remember to  replace foreskin back into place
-  when cleaning the scrotum, be gentle and clean posterior folds of butt too

# data[].attributes.body
- ensure privacy
- clean the surrounding perineal before to ensure bacteria from getting into genital area
- use separate washcloths for each part of the genital
- gentle strokes ensuring moving the folds of the genitals for effective cleaning
-  throughly dry the area especially in the folds to minimize growth of microorganisms

# data[].attributes.body
Pt will be educated on importance of dental hygiene and create a routine plan of brushing teeth 2x daily (or based on pt personal preference)

# data[].attributes.body
It prevents skin breakdown, odor, infection (like a UTI), burning or itching. It also will make the person more comfortable, especially if they are laying in bed for a long period of time

# data[].attributes.body
Teach patient self-hygiene
(washing hands, drying themselves after bathroom)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
There are things you can do to help protect and take care of your skin after your spinal cord injury. You may have done many of these things before your injury without thinking about them.

Daily Skin Care Routine

Check your skin twice a day. Check areas that may have had pressure when you were lying down and when you were sitting.

Check all bony places below the level of your injury: ankles, elbows, heels, hips, and tailbone. Use a mirror if needed.

Look for and check out anything that seems different, such as:

Check specific clothing areas:

Thick seams, like those found on jeans

Binding in the groin area

Tight shoes

Socks with elastic tops

Straps holding the urine drainage system

Hygiene

It's important for people with spinal cord injuries to practice good hygiene. This involves staying clean and making sure that you do not let dirt and grime settle on your skin for long periods of time.

Although you may not need to bathe every day (doing so can actually make the skin drier and is not always recommended), you should clean your armpits and groin area every day. You also should wash your skin any time it gets dirty.

Here are some additional hygiene points that spinal cord injury patients need to keep in mind:

Wash your groin area before going to bed. Thoroughly dry it after washing.

Air out the groin area at least once a day.

Be careful not to use too much powder in your groin area if you use powder. Too much powder can lead to irritation, rashes, and cracks in your skin.

Dry between your toes and fingers after bathing.

Put lotion on dry skin, except between your toes. Dry skin may crack open.

Clean your fingernails and toenails daily. Keep them short for your safety.

Clean your urine-collecting equipment every day.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
There are things you can do to help protect and take care of your skin after your spinal cord injury. You may have done many of these things before your injury without thinking about them. Check your skin twice a day. Check areas that may have had pressure when you were lying down and when you were sitting.

# data[].attributes.body
The client will perform adequate self care
(if they are unable they will at least be educated of its importance/ how to treat)

# data[].attributes.body
Provide  education why this area is prone to infection.
Make sure perineal area is dry.
Such infections include UTI's, Fungal , bladder and kidney infections.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
While peri-care can initially be intimidating, it is a very important part of the private caregiver/patient relationship. Let's take a closer look at the importance of perineal care, as well as how to perform this critical duty to ensure the ongoing health of your loved one.

Why is Peri-care Important?

Peri-care-also known as perineal care-involves cleaning the private areas of a patient. Because this area is prone to infection, it must be cleaned at least daily, and more if your loved one suffers from incontinence. Typical times to perform peri-care include as part of daily bathing, after the use of the bedpan, and following episodes of incontinence.

Regular peri-care can not only minimize odors, it can also can help prevent urinary tract, bladder and kidney infections.

The Basics of Performing Peri-care (Video)

Thoroughly wash your hands and don gloves before beginning your peri-care regimen.

When your hands are clean and you're ready to start, ask your patient to separate his/her legs. If patients are unable, caregivers will need to offer gentle help. Keep your loved one's body covered to prevent unnecessary exposure and help promote a sense of dignity.

One of the most important aspects of peri-care is checking for signs of infection. These include swelling, lesions, rashes, sores, and boils. These symptoms can lead to serious conditions if not recognized and treated. If you do notice these warning signs, contact your loved one's health care provider.

The video below provides a step-by-step demonstration for caregivers on how to administer peri-care, including gathering supplies, ensuring privacy, and providing thorough care with both compassion and dignity.

Step by Step

Moving from front to back, use warm water and a clean washcloth (or disposible wipes) to clean the perineal area. For females, this involves cleaning the inner legs, labia and groin area while for men it requires cleaning the tip and shaft of the penis, along with the scrotum. Both men and women require cleaning of the anal area, which will involve turning the patient on his/her side.

If possible, use a fresh wipe for each "swipe". If using a wash cloth, use a clean area of the cloth for each motion, and never move from back to front as this can spread germs and cause urinary tract infection. Have several wash cloths handy just in case you need more than one.

If your loved one has a foley catheter, wipe around and down the tubing, but avoid tugging on the foley as this can be painful and harmful.

When you are finished and the entire perineal area is clean, make sure to thoroughly dry each area as excess moisture can lead to chapping and bed sores. Moisturizers and creams can help protect this delicate area. Always be gentle, as this area of the body is sensitive.

Occasionally bed linens will become soiled during perineal care. If so, remove them and launder them along with the wash cloth. A waterproof pad placed under the buttocks, meanwhile, can be a moisture barrier between your loved one and the bed linens.

Remember: the more comfortable you feel with this task, the more comfortable your loved one will feel. Conversely, if you treat peri-care awkwardly or with disdain, your loved one's discomfort will be amplified. Maintain a pleasant demeanor, and be sure to explain what you're doing every step of the way.

Final Thoughts

While perineal care may not top the list of your favorite caregiver tasks, the establishment of a regular peri-care routine is critical to the ongoing well-being of your aging loved one. If you found this article helpful, please share it with fellow caregivers to help keep seniors safe and healthy. Also, be sure to check out mmLearn.org's step-by-step instructional videoon providing proper peri-care, along with their complete collection of videos for caregivers.

If you're looking for a comprehensive resource for family caregivers, check out our online Family Caregiver Guide.

mmlearn.orgoffers a large library of free videos for caregivers of older adults, covering topics pertaining to senior care. Whether you are a healthcare professional or a family caregiver, if you are caring for an older adult we know that you will find mmlearn.org an essential learning and guidance tool for all of your caregiver training needs.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Peri-care: What Every Caregiver Needs to Know

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
While peri-care can initially be intimidating, it is a very important part of the private caregiver/patient relationship. Let's take a closer look at the importance of perineal care, as well as how to perform this critical duty to ensure the ongoing health of your loved one. Why is Peri-care Important?

# data[].attributes.body
- decline in tinea pedis within 2 weeks
- client maintains proper foot hygiene and care
- client expresses understanding of the importance of a clean, dry environment for the feet
- teach importance of drying feet completely after a shower to prevent skin breakdown
- teach importance of moisturizing feet and keeping them uncovered to dry sufficiently
- Teach patient to change socks frequently

# data[].attributes.body
- prevent to client from infection my maintaining hair hygiene
- check up on client and ask how they are adjusting to being in the hospital
- Ask what you can do to make their stay/ hygiene routine better

# data[].attributes.body
Glossitis

# data[].attributes.body
Plaque/cavities/gingivitis/discoloration

# data[].attributes.body
Check patients hair during morning and night shift for any changes.

Check self-esteem and quality of life

# data[].attributes.body
-Wash hair every few days, or when need be
-Brush/comb thought hair
-Coping techniques for hair loss

# data[].attributes.headline
List at least three factors that cause dry mouth.

# data[].attributes.subject
List at least three factors that cause dry mouth.

# data[].attributes.body
mouth breathing
medications, radiation
NPO, NGT
smoking, alcohol
Dehydration, oxygen
Seasonal
Oral airways

# data[].attributes.body
Tinea pedis

# data[].attributes.body
Eyes should be cleansed from the inner to outer canthus to avoid dragging debris into the nasolacrimal duct.

# data[].attributes.headline
What are important principles while making an occupied bed?

# data[].attributes.subject
What are important principles while making an occupied bed?

# data[].attributes.body
Rails up,

Bed lowest position when leaving pt
Hip height when providing care, wide base of support

Don't soil clean linens
Have supplies
Assistance prn
Body mechanics

# data[].attributes.headline
What precautions should you take while providing hygiene care?

# data[].attributes.subject
What precautions should you take while providing hygiene care?

# data[].attributes.body
Standard precautions @ minimum
Others prn

# data[].attributes.headline
What are ways to provide oral care that decrease infection ?

# data[].attributes.subject
What are ways to provide oral care that decrease infection ?

# data[].attributes.body
Unconscious
Critically ill
Dependent/Confused
side lying
Assessment
Brushing 2 minutes
Toothette swabs prn
Vaseline/chapstick

# data[].attributes.headline
What changes take place in the skin as a person ages?

# data[].attributes.subject
What changes take place in the skin as a person ages?

# data[].attributes.body
Wrinkling, thinning, dry, reduced ability to heal - collagen, impaired sweating
With age, both layers of the skin become thinner and more fragile. As collagen and elastin fibers in the dermis deteriorate, the skin becomes wrinkled. Sebaceous and sweat gland activity decreases, causing the skin to become dry, scaly, and itchy, and temperature regulation in hot weather becomes more difficult. As the number and activity of hair follicles and pigment cells (melanocytes) diminish, hair becomes thin, turns gray or white, and grows more slowly. Nails thicken and growth decreases. These changes increase the risk for skin problems.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Female Clients

There are certain aspects of providing perineal-genital hygiene to a female client that it is important for the nurse to remember. Some of these points are:

Ensure privacy for the patient. You can do this by closing doors, moving the curtain, asking other guests to step out of the room, drape blankets or towels on legs to minimize exposure and etc.

Cleaning the surrounding perineal area first to ensure no bacteria gets into the genitals.

While cleaning the genitals make sure to use separate parts of the washcloth with each stroke as to not contaminate other areas.

Make sure to thoroughly dry the area especially in the folds of the skin to minimize the growth of microorganisms.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
There are certain aspects of providing perineal-genital hygiene to a female client that it is important for the nurse to remember. Some of these points are: Ensure privacy for the patient. You can do this by closing doors, moving the curtain, asking other guests to step out of the room, drape blankets or towels on legs to minimize exposure and etc.